Ukubheka okuhle kungukuntula kolwazi. Mhlawumbe yingakho omama abasha bekhathazekile ngokuthuthukiswa kwengane. Ngoba ulwazi abanalo namuhla ulwandle! Ake sizame ukuba nethemba emva kwakho konke futhi siqonde ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo yabantwana abancane kithi ukuba sizame ukuveza iqiniso njengendlela yokugcina, futhi ewusizo futhi eyiqiniso. Kuyinto emangalisa ukuthi ezinye zezinkolelo ezimbi ziyize! Okujwayelekile kakhulu kwimibono ekhona kubantu esizokuqhathanisa nolwazi lwesayensi, bese kubonakala ukuthi lokhu kuyindabakwane noma iqiniso mayelana nokuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa kwenkulumo enganeni.
Inombolo ye-1 yenombolo
Ukuhlukunyezwa kokubeletha kungaholela ekuphazanyeni ekuthuthukiseni nasekubunzeni inkulumo enganeni.
Ukubikezela ngokungaqondile ukuthuthukiswa nokubunjwa kwenkulumo enganeni ayikwazi. Kungaba kuhle ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kokubeletha akuthinti ukuthuthukiswa kwengane esikhathini esizayo, kwenzeka njalo.
Ukukhokhela ukuhlukunyezwa kokubeletha kuzosiza ngokuhlelekile ukufundiswa kwentuthuko (kusukela eminyakeni emibili), izinqubo zokuqinisa, futhi kwezinye izimo - ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa. Futhi emva kweminyaka yobudala ngeke kube khona ukubonakaliswa kokudabuka kokuzalwa.
Inomboro yesi-2
Abafana baqala ukukhuluma kamuva kunamantombazane.
Lokhu "ukungabi nabulungisa" kuhlotshaniswa nezinye izici zokuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa kwenkulumo emntwaneni kanye nasesimisweni esiyinhloko, esibekiwe. Ukuhlakanipha kwamazwi emantombazaneni kuthuthukiswa kangcono kunesisindo esinamandla. , isidingo sokuphendula masinyane ukukhuluma komntwana, ukuxhumana naye, ukuphendula imibuzo yakhe engapheli.Akusho ukuthi abafana balele ngemuva kwontanga yabo ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo.
"Kamuva" akusho ukuthi "akakho" noma "kubi." Kodwa ukwazi ngalesi sici kuwufanele, ikakhulukazi ngoba ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izifo zokuhlolwa kwe-logopedic kubafana.Uma umfana oneminyaka emibili engenazo zonke izinto ngokuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo, udinga ukuqala njalo ukubandakanya kakade esemncane kakhulu ukugwema ukubambezeleka okukhulu kwenkulumo esikhathini esizayo.Isistimu yezinzwa zabafana isengozini kakhulu, lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe, ngakho ukuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa kwenkulumo enganeni kungadla isikhathi eside.
Umbono No. 3
I-onomatopoeia nokubamba amagama ngamazwi aphelele.
Ngokwelashwa kokukhuluma, igama liyisimiso somsindo esiqinile ngqo entweni ethize, umuntu, noma into ethile. Isibonelo, i-syllable "mo" yonyaka oneminyaka eyodwa ingase isho ukuthi "emanzini" noma "ubisi." Uma isetshenziselwa kuphela lo mqondo, leli yilizwi langempela. "Amahhafu amagama" afana "khona", "quack", "bang" , "Bobo" - amagama okuqala nokubalulekile empilweni yemvuthuluka, baqala ukukhuluma.
Umbono No. 4
Ngonyaka ngamunye, abantwana kufanele bakhulume inombolo ecacisiwe yamazwi. Umuntu akayena ikhompyutha. Ayikho imikhuba eqinile yenani lamagama kunoma yisiphi isikhathi esinikeziwe sokuthuthukiswa kwayo, njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukulindela, ngokunemba kweviki, lapho ingane iqala ukuhamba noma ukuqoqa ipiramidi. Ingane - kuqala kokuzikhethela, kubalulekile ukuhlonipha izici zokuthuthukiswa kwengane ethile. Ngokwelashwa kwenkulumo kunamagama ambalwa kuphela - okungenani okungenani umama angasondela kuwo. Ngakho-ke, amagama okuqala abonakalayo angeke avele kuze kube unyaka owodwa, futhi kusuka ku-1 unyaka kuya ku-1 unyaka izinyanga ezingu-4 kwanele ukuthi ingane isebenzise amagama angu-3-4 enkulumweni. Omama abaningi, emva kokuzwa ngebhayamu ehlongozwayo ngamanani amazwi (10-20 ngonyaka ongu-1 ubudala), bayesaba, bengacabangi ukuthi leli lizwi lihlobene nezindaba noma into. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kuyindlela encane kakhulu, njengoba kuhlolisiswa inkulumo yemvuthu, kuyadingeka ukuba unake umthamo wokuqonda inkulumo ephikisiwe, nomzwelo nokuzifunela kwengane, kanye nomsebenzi wokukhuluma ongabonakaliswa ngokubambezela, ukuma, ukuvota. futhi ukwakheka kwenkulumo emntwaneni kunokwenzeka kuphela ngenani lamagama awakushoyo, akunakwenzeka.
Umbono No. 5
Omunye umfana (intombazane) wayethula kuze kube yilapho engama-3 ubudala, wabe eseqala ukukhuluma ngamazwi onke. Ubani futhi nini owokuqala owasungula, asazi, kodwa umonakalo ovela kulephutha unkulu. Omama abaningi, beqaphela ukuthi ngenkulumo yomntwana akulungile, badonsela ukuvakashela ochwepheshe unyaka nonyaka, okwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwengane kungonakaliseki. Kukhona imithetho ethile yentuthuko, kufaka phakathi inkulumo, ethi lapho uneminyaka engu-2 kufanele kubhalwe inkulumo kumntwana (okungukuthi, imisho yamagama amabili, noma ngabe bayabhala). Uma lokhu kungenzekanga futhi kuya eminyakeni engu-2.5, isikhathi sokumemeza i-alamu bese uya ukubona ochwepheshe wezinkulumo.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ingane enokulibaziseka okukhulu ekukhulumeni (futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo) kungazelelwe kwaqala ukuhlangana nabangane bakhe ngaphandle kosizo olukhethekile. Ukwenza lokhu, ingane isuke ingenayo imithombo, futhi "okuhlangenwe nakho" kokubambezeleka kokukhuluma sekuvele kukhulu.Ukungekho kwemithombo kubonisa ukuthi intuthuko iphula inkambo yayo ngokungabi ngengozi, kodwa ngaphansi kwethonya lezimbangela ezinkulu: isibonelo, ukuhlukunyezwa kokubeletha, izifo ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, njll.
Ake sithi umntwana onjalo unamandla okwehlisa imali, futhi unqobe lezi zinkinga kahle: waqala ukuhlala, ahambe, futhi abe nesithakazelo kwabanye ngesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, inkulumo yakhe iqala ngandlela-thile, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi kwakukhona nokuhamba, ukubamba amagama, namazwi okuqala. Mayelana nalolu daba alisho ukuthi "wayathula" kuze kube yilapho 3. Uma umntwana engashicileli noma cishe engenzi inkulumo umsindo, akazami ukukhuluma, akanakho i-onomatopoeias, cishe cishe ubhekisela kunoma yisiphi isigaba izingane ezizithulu, noma ezinganeni ezinamaqabunga amaningi okukhulumisana kwengqondo (i-autism, i-oligophrenia, njll.) Kusobala ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukukhuluma njengomncanyana yena ngokwakhe. Wonke umntwana uzoba usizo ukuvakashela ochwepheshe wezinkulumo eminyakeni emibili, bese kuthi ngomunye unyaka. Uma ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni nasekubunzeni inkulumo emntwaneni kuyatholakala, ke kunalokho T he isikhathi eside ukuthi iqale amakilasi ekhethekile, ephumelela kakhudlwana bayoba.
Inombolo yesibalo 6
Uma ukhuluma okuningi ngane, ungenza umonakalo omkhulu. Ekuboneni kokuqala, lokhu kuhlaziywa akuhambisani nomqondo ovame ukuvunyelwa wokuthi izingane zidinga ukukhuluma njalo futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngenxa yendawo enhle yokukhuluma, ukuthuthukiswa kungcono. Noma kunjalo, konke kuhle ngokulinganisela. Kwenzeka ukuthi umama "usebenza" kwimodi yomsakazo - okungukuthi, akayeki ukukhuluma okwesikhashana, uyakhathala ngalokhu kusakazwa kwenkulumo ngokwakhe, kodwa into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi ihlukumeza ingane. esikukhulumisana nabo, ubanikeze izikhombisi-ndlela, bafundise okuthile.Uma ukugeleza kwemishwana kungapheli, ingane isetshenziselwa isikrini somsindo futhi imane "iguqulwe".
Ngokuvamile umuntu uzwa izikhalazo ezicindezelekile ezivela kumama nogogo (obaba, njengombuso, ukukhuluma kancane kancane nezingane futhi kaningi ebhizinisini): "Akabonakali ukuzwa lokho abakushoyo kuye." Izingane zilalela ngempela, kodwa "azizwa" Ukuze kuvimbele lokhu kungenzeki, kubalulekile ukunikeza ingane ukuba ihlale ithulile, ukuqhuba izindaba zabo siqu, ukufunda enye ikhono noma elinye ikhono ngokwabo. Empeleni, njengombuso, inkulumo engekho-stop yomama okhathalelayo ihambisana nokuboniswa kwemidlalo ethuthukayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, imisebenzi iya ngokulandelana. Uthisha uSN Nikitin wabiza lezi zingane "zihlelekile", okungukuthi, ukugcinwa kokugcinwa kokuhlukunyezwa kanye nemiyalelo yabantu abadala. Ngokuthula, kulula ukuba umuntu aqoqe imicabango yakhe, azilalele yena, izifiso zakhe, imizwa yakhe.
Kuwusizo ukuhlela ukuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa kwenkulumo emntwaneni, "umzuzu wokuthula" emvelo ("Ake sihlale ethule, uzwani?"). Futhi phakathi namakilasi okuthuthukisa, tshela kuphela okudingekayo: "Ake ngikubonise, bese uzokuzama wena ngokwakho." Kungcono ukukhombisa okuningi futhi unike ingane ukuba yenza isilingo nesiphambeko.
Inomboro ye-7
I-hyoid frenum enezintambo zingabangela ukuphazanyiswa kwekhwalithi yomsindo.
Lesi sici esincane ngaphansi kolimi sibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni nasekubunzeni inkulumo enganeni. Ngesizo salo, singakwazi ukubiza umsindo obizwa ngokuthi "phezulu" - "w", "x", "p", "l", ekulimeni lapho ulimi lukhuphuka khona kunamahlombe alukhuni noma phansi kwamazinyo angaphezulu. i-kid ayikwazi ukuphakamisa ulimi, ukukhotha umlomo ophezulu, futhi ezimweni ezinzima ngisho nokukhipha ulimi oluphuma emlonyeni.Uma umkhwa ukhawulwa, kuyanweba futhi kuba khona ukukhuluma imisindo engenhla.Ivame ukwenziwa eneminyaka engu-1-2 noma emva kweminyaka emi-5 , lapho imbangela yemisindo ephazamiseka ingane isungulwa.
Ezimweni ezinzima, umklamo ungatjhejwa ngokusebenzisa ama-logopedic ekhethekileko wokuzivocavoca nokusila.
Umbono №8
Ukugxila enkulumweni yengane kuholela ekuthungeni.
Ukugxuma nokugxila - ukuphulwa komlomo okuhlukile, nakuba ukubonakaliswa kufana kakhulu. Izizathu zokungazinzeki zikhona isimo esingokomzimba sengqondo yengane, izinkinga ezingokwengqondo, ukungezwani, ukucindezeleka. Bangashukunyiswa ukunyakaza okusheshayo kokuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo, lapho amathuba okukhuluma angagcini ngemicabango yezicucu. Akuyona into eningi iningi lezingane eliqala ukugwinya lapho lineminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala, ngesikhathi kusetshenzwa inkulumo esebenzayo. Ukugxilwa kwemvelo kunesimo esihlukile - ubuchopho, futhi ukugwedla kulokhu, njengombuso, kunesimo esibucayi (kunezinselele ezithombeni zamathuluzi okuveza). Ukulungiswa kokuthungatha nokuqhuma kuhluke ngokuphelele. Ukuthuthukiswa nokubunjwa kwenkulumo emntwaneni kudlala indima enkulu futhi ebalulekile esikhathini esizayo esingokwengqondo sezimvuthu. Uma kunconywa ukudala imimoya ezolile uma ukhubeka, ukuqeqesha nomqondo wezengqondo, isazi se-psychotherapist kanye nodokotela wezinkulumo, lapho kuqhuma indima ebalulekile idlalwe ngokuqokwa kwe-neurologist, imihlangano eboniswayo ne-specialist -rapist-zaikologist. Kodwa uma ungaqapheli izikhubekiso ezinjeni zokukhuluma isikhathi eside, khona-ke zingathuthuka zibe yizintambo, ezilungiswa kanzima futhi zinde.
Ngemva kokubhekana nezinkolelo eziphathelene nentuthuko yenkulumo yezingane, kuzoba lula kuwe ukuhlala uzolile ehhovisi likadokotela, lapho uxoxisana nogogo owazi kahle futhi nomngane ofuna "ukusiza."