Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuzalwa kwengane enkulu kuyisipho sangempela sokubazali bakhe. Abantu bathi isisindo esikhulu somntwana osanda kuzalwa sifakazela impilo yaso enamandla. Futhi bathi: "Le hero"! Kodwa odokotela abahlanganyeli njalo ngalombono. Ingabe lokhu kuyisifiso somntwana uma ezalwa kakhulu kakhulu?
Ukuzalwa kwengane enkulu - ingabe kuhle kangaka? Emva kwakho konke, isimiso kanye nezindinganiso zesisindo nokuphakama kwezinsana kukhona imibono kunemibandela futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zihloselwe ukubuyekezwa. Nokho, awukwazi ngaphandle. Izingane ezizalwa ngesisindo somzimba esingu-4 kuya ku-5 kg. futhi ukukhula kwama-57 cm nangaphezulu, i-neonatologists ihlukaniswa njengezingane ezingaphezu kwendabuko. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izibalo zithi eminyakeni yamuva, abaningi bazalwa izingane eziningi. Ososayensi bathi leli qiniso liyisenzakalo sokusheshisa.
Izazi zezenhlalakahle zaqhathanisa imiphumela yocwaningo lwe-anthropological olwenziwe ngawo-1930 nolwazi lwanamuhla. Kwakukhona ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi isisindo somzimba wengane ngesikhathi sokuzalwa "sakhula" ngokwesilinganiso ngamagremu angu-100-300, nobude bomzimba ngo-2-3 cm. Ngokwezazi, lokhu kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bemithi kanye nezokwelapha, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudla nokudla ikhwalithi yokuphila ngokujwayelekile. Esikhathini sethu kunesifo esincane esingelapheki, abesifazane kulula ukubekezelela ukukhulelwa.
Ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi i-ultrasound ixilongwa nge-fetus, ngokulinganisa ubukhulu bekhanda layo, isisindo somzimba nobude besifazane, udokotela angabona izimpawu zokusheshisa. Kubonakala ukuthi ngokwalezi zinkomba "amaqhawe" akhipha oontanga babo amasonto amabili uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sokuthuthukiswa komntwana okwedlule isikhathi esithile sokukhulelwa. Kulesi simo, izingane ezinkulu azimangazi nje kuphela ngesisindo somzimba wabo nokukhula ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, kodwa nangendlela yokuthuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bathi ukunyuka kwesisindo somzimba ngesigamu, okuvame ukubonwa ezinsaneni ezinyangeni ezinhlanu kuya kwezi-6, ezinganeni-ukusheshisa kwenzeka kakade ezinyangeni ezingu-4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umjikelezo wesifuba kubantwana abanjalo uba mkhulu kune-head circumference futhi uneminyaka engama-4, kuyilapho iningi labantwana lithathwa kuphela ezinyangeni ezingu-6. Ezinganeni ezinkulu, i-fontanel ikhula ngokushesha, amazinyo ayaphela ngokushesha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokudala "amaqhawe" akhula ngokushesha ijubane lentuthuko futhi ehluke kakhulu kontanga.
Uma ukuzalwa kwengane enkulu kungumphumela wokusheshisa, kungani bonke omama bengabelwe izingane ezinkulu? Ososayensi babiza izizathu eziningana ezibangela ekuzalweni kwengane enkulu. Zilezi zilandelayo:
- Ubukhulu be-placenta. Indawo enkulu, ivolumu kanye nobukhulu be-placenta (ngaphezulu kuka-5 cm) kwandisa inani legazi elijikelezayo. Kusho ukuthi imetabolism iba namandla kakhulu, izinga lokuthuthukiswa komntwana liyashesha.
- Ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiwe. Imiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi ibonisa ukuthi ngokukhulelwa okuphindaphindiwe, izingane ezinkulu zizalwa. Lokhu kwenzeka njalo emva kokuzalwa kwesithathu. Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu kuthuthukiswa ezimweni zokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine.
- Heredity. Abazali abade, abancanyana bazalwa yizingane ezifanayo. Yiqiniso, zide kakhulu futhi zinkulu kunontanga yazo, ezingenayo abazali abakhulu kakhulu.
- Ukufuduka kuholela ekukhuleni emishadweni ehlanganisiwe, okwenza ushintsho lwezakhi zofuzo luholela ekusheshiseni kwenzalo.
Kubalulekile ukwazi.
Ukuzalwa kwengane enkulu akuhlali njalo kuhlotshaniswa nesehlakalo sokusheshisa. Kunezinye izizathu zokuzalwa kwezingane ezinkulu. Kuyiqiniso, angeke abizwe ngokuthi i-positive:
- Izifo ze-endocrine-metabolic zomama ozayo, njengokukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela. Ukukhuluphala kuholela ekutheni amafutha e-fatty acids adlula kusukela kumama kuya ku-fetus. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-pancreas asebenza esikhathini esengeziwe, okuholela ekuzalweni kwengane enkulu. Isifo sikashukela sinokubangelwa ukwanda kwezinga lika-glucose egazini, okuholela ekubukeni kwenqolobane yamafutha. Uma owesifazane okhulelwe ephethe isifo sikashukela, ingane ayifuni ngokulinganayo: ukukhula kwayo kuyancipha, bese kuhamba ngokushesha.
- Ukukhuluphala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Akuvamile ukuba owesifazane okhulelwe aqale ukululama, ukuze aphinde athole isisindo. Labo abazithola besesimweni esifanayo, bayazi ukuthi odokotela abavumelani nokuphenduka okwenzekayo. Phela, igazi landa okuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol, ushukela, i-lipids. Ukuze lokhu kungenzeki, umama olindelekile kufanele adle ukudla okunomsoco, aqaphe ukudla, alawule ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuneziphuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesifazane okhulelwe akufanele anakekele ukuhamba ngaphandle. Ngokuqinisekile, bayozuza kokubili umama ozayo nomntanakhe.
- Ukweqisa. Ukukhulelwa, okuhlala isikhathi eside kunamaviki angu-40, kuholela ekuvuthweni kwe-placenta ne-fetus. Ngenxa yalokho, isisindo samantombazane ajwayelekile sifinyelela ku-4 noma ngaphezulu kg, ubude bomzimba kanye nesibalo sokukhula kwekhanda.
Wazalwa.
Uma ukuzalwa kwengane enkulu kuhlotshaniswa nesimo sokusheshisa, abazali bangajabula kuphela ngokuthi bakwazi ukubeletha "iqhawe" langempela futhi ungakhathazeki ngokuthi kukhona okungalungile ingane. Uma isisindo nokuphakama kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kubangelwa izinkinga zempilo, khona-ke, esikhathini esizayo, umama nobaba kumele balandele zonke izincomo zesidokotela ukuze intuthuko yengane ihambe "ngokusho kohlelo".
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane enkulu kuhlolwe ngokucophelela hhayi kuphela yi-neonatologists kanye nodokotela wezingane, kodwa futhi ne-neuropathologists kanye ne-endocrinologists. Ochwepheshe beqaphele ukuthi izingane ezinkulu zithathelwe isifo sikashukela kanye nokukhuluphala, zineziphambeko esimeni sezinzwa, zinemvelaphi yokugula. Yingakho odokotela baqaphela ukuhamba kwentuthuko kanye nempilo yabantwana abanjalo. Yiziphi izinkinga ezivame ukubhekana nazo? Yini okufanele umama azi?
Okokuqala , kunzima kakhulu ukuthwala ingane enkulu. Ngakho-ke, inhlalakahle yakhe incike kakhulu kulokho okushiwo yizimo zokuhamba kwakhe ngokusebenzisa izindlela zomhlaba. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, "ama-giant" ngokuvamile avame ukuhlukunyezwa kwemvelo. Phakathi kwabo, njengezinsalela ze-clavicle, izivunguvungu, i-paresis yehlombe. Izingane ezinkulu ziyabona nezinkinga ze-neurologic (ukukhathazeka, ukuzamazama kwenhliziyo, ukuguquka kwemisipha kanye ne-reflexes), okuhambisana nokusabalalisa kwe-cerebral. Ngezinye izikhathi kunomonakalo omkhulu wokubeletha. Yingakho odokotela, bebona ukukhulelwa kwe-ultrasound okukhulelwe, bebona izithelo ezinkulu, bavame ukuhlinzekela isigaba se-cearean. Uma ubukhulu bekhanda labesifazane alifani nesayizi elindelekile lomsana, khona-ke akukho ndlela yokwenza ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Uma umama wesikhathi esizayo ngokwakhe "enkulu", khona-ke ingane ngeke ihlupheke. Kunoma yikuphi, owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele abonisane nomchwepheshe futhi akhiphe noma iyiphi inhlekelele yokuzalwa.
Okwesibili , ukuzalwa komntwana omkhulu owesifazane ophethwe yisifo sikashukela, mhlawumbe engakabonakali, akuyona into ehlukile, kodwa umthetho. Futhi ngayinye yezingane zakhe ezalandela izobe zikhudlwana kuneyaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ingozi enkulu ukuthi izingane ziyoba nezinkinga ze-endocrine. Yingakho impilo yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa "amaqhawe" ihlolwe kakhulu odokotela. Ukubonisana kwe-endocrinologist kuyimpoqo. Uma umndeni unezihlobo ezihlukunyezwa nesifo sikashukela, futhi umama ozayo uzowela eqenjini eliyingozi, odokotela bazoqhuba ukwelashwa okukhethekile ukuvimbela ukuzalwa komntwana omkhulu nokuthi umntwana akalimele ngesikhathi sokukhula komntwana.
Okwesithathu , ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi ukuzalwa komntwana omkhulu akuhlobene nezinkinga zempilo, kusadingeka ukukhombisa izingane ezisencane ekupheleni kwezingane futhi zihlolisise ukuba khona kwezinto eziphilayo. Kunezinguquko ezimbili ezingenzeka esimweni: noma uzoqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhambisane ne-carapace, noma udokotela uzoveza okuthile okungalungile futhi athathe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi. Kunoma yikuphi, bobabili bangcono kunokuhlala bengalazi.
Okwesine , omama bezinga elikhulu kufanele bazi ukuthi ukuguqula isimo ngemuva kokuzalwa kulezi zinkinga kunzima kakhulu. Uma izinsana ezijwayelekile ziphefumula phakathi kwezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-3-5, impumulo iba ngisho, inhliziyo iqala ukusebenza ngokwemigomo, umgudu wamathumbu ungena embusweni wayo, bese isikhathi sokuguqula ama-giant kungaba amasonto amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asebenza kancane uma eqhathaniswa neontanga. Kodwa, njengoba wazi, kukhona okuhlukile kuzo zonke izilawuli.
Okwesishiyagalolunye , abazali bezingane ezinkulu kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi, naphezu kobukhulu babo, i-carapace kumele idle ukudla okufana nezingane ezijwayelekile. Kulesi simo, ingane enkulu isengeza isisindo esontanga kontanga yakhe. Uma umama ethanda ukugcwala, ingane ingase izuze i-metabolism encane. Ukulungisa lesi simo, abazali kufanele baqaphe ukondla kwengane, bahambe kakhudlwana naye emoyeni omusha, bamnike imidlalo emnandi futhi ehambayo. Futhi, omama nabazali bezingane ezinkulu bangancoma ukuthi babhale ingane encane echibini. Ngokuqinisekile uyoyithanda!
Ngokushesha nje lapho umama "hero" wakhe ebuya esibhedlela, isiqubulo sakhe nefilosofi kufanele kube indlela yokuphila enempilo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane iyadingeka nsuku zonke:
- Ukubhuka;
- Ukuvocavoca;
- Ukuhamba isikhathi eside emoyeni omusha;
- Ukudla okulinganiselayo, okuyiqiniso, kungcono uma ubisi lomama.
Uma i-giant isesidlo sokufakelwa, abazali kufanele bakhethe ukukhetha izingxube zobisi ezivutshiwe. Izazi ziphawula ukuthi ezinsaneni ezinkulu, i-asidi yesiphuzo esiswini sinciphisa njalo. Ngesizathu esifanayo, ukukhanga kokuqala kufanele kube yi-puree yezithelo nezitshalo, hhayi umkhumbi. Futhi okunye: uma ukondla umntwana ngezingxube, ugcine ngokucophelela umkhuba wokuxubha inhlanganisela eyomile emanzini, kungenoma yiluphi icala oludlula ukugxila kwalo. Ukubala izinga lekhalori lomntanakho, bheka ubudala bakhe, hhayi isisindo.
Uma abazali bekhathazekile ngempilo yengane yabo, kufanele bathathe ngokungathí sina izincomo zikadokotela. Imithi yesimanje kanye nothando olukhulu lwabazali ludala izimangaliso zangempela. Vumela ingane yakho ikhule njengeqhawe langempela!