I-acne yisifo esihlotshaniswa nokuphulwa kwezingqungquthela ezisabekayo. Ngokuvamile kuvinjelwe esikhumbeni sobuso, phezulu nangasemva kwesifuba. Ama-rashes ama-acne anezimbangela ezifanayo, kodwa azibonakalisa ngesimo esibi kakhulu, kunzima ukuphatha. Zombili zingaba uphawu lwesifo esibi, izifo ezibangelwa ama-hormone, noma nje umphumela wokunakekelwa okungalungile kwesikhumba senkinga. Iyini ukwelashwa kwama-acne nama-acne? Funda ngakho ngezansi.
Ama-acne nama-acne ebusheni
I-acne yalolu hlobo ngokuvamile ivela kubantu abasha ngesikhathi sokukhula futhi ithinta cishe zonke izinsizwa noma intombazane. Njengomthetho, ekugcineni badlula ngokwabo, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezimbi kunazo zonke zalesi sifo. Uma izinyosi namazinyo ezinganeni zingaphathwa - zingashiya amathrekhi nezibazi ebusweni nasemzimbeni wokuphila. Le nkathi enzima empilweni yentsha iyabonakala ukungazinzi kwengqondo. Ama-acne (ikakhulukazi amafomu aqinile) angaba negalelo elibalulekile ku-psyche futhi abangela ukuhlukumezeka, ukungathembeki nokungaqapheli. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sikhathi ukuthi izinkinga ezinjalo zidinga ukuqedwa.
Ukubonakala kwe-acne kuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi okweqile wezingqimba ze-sebaceous nezinwele zezinwele ezinjenge-keratosis. Lokhu kuholela ekuvinjweni kwamadaysi wezinhlayiya ze-sebum, okuholela ekuqoqeni okukhulu kwamafutha nokungcola kuma-pores. Le nqubo ikhulisa ukukhiqiza ngokweqile kwe-sebum. Ngalesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa, i-acne ivela ngemuva kwebhaktheriya e-anaerobic ephindaphinda emilonyeni yezingqungquthela ezisabekayo. Lawa ma-bacteria akhiqiza ama-enzyme aphula amafutha. Umkhiqizo wale mpendulo - mahhala ama-acids - unomsindo onamandla. Ngenxa yokucasuka, futhi kunezinkinga - isikhumba siyaba namafutha, ukunyuka kwama-pores, ama-acne nama-acne avele.
Ukwelashwa esiteji sokuqala kuqukethe ukunakekelwa okulungile nokucophelela kwenkinga yesikhumba sentsha. Kubalulekile ukuhlanza isikhumba kabili ngosuku lwe-fat excess and bacteria. Yenza kangcono nge-teenager ekhethekile - ithoni, ama-gel kanye nama-mousses. Akufanele ziqukethe utshwala! Ukucasuka nokushiswa kotshwala kuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kungashiya imidwebo ebusweni.
Ezimweni ezimbi, ukwelapha i-hormone ngisho nokumpompela igazi kungasetshenziswa. Kodwa lezi zinqubo zenziwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu futhi emva kokubonisana okujulile nomchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile, izigqoko nezinyosi ziphathwa kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngendlela efanele, lezi zinkinga zanyamalala ngaphandle kokulandelana kakhulu ngaphambili.
Ama-cysts ahlanzekile (umphumela wokucindezela nokuvuvukala)
Indima engenakwenzeka ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezichazwe idlalwe amahomoni ocansi, ikakhulukazi ama-androgens. Ngakho-ke, inani lezinyosi liyakhula ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini, okuhlobene nesifo se-premenstrual syndrome. Kule nkathi ukuqoqwa ngokweqile kwamanzi kanye ne-sodium chloride kwenzeka esikhumbeni.
Ukubonakala kwe-acne kuxhomeke ekukhiqizeni ngokweqile kwe-sebum, okuhlobene nezinguquko ze-hormone ekufikeni kwentsha. Lokhu kungathuthukisa noma kubangelwa yi-hormone ye-cortex ye-adrenal (nge-androgenic effect), kanye nezinye izinto ezifihliwe yizigulane ezisabekayo. Bangabuye bathiwa yi-hyperkeratosis kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifana ne-vitamin B12, iodine, i-barbiturates. Kodwa into esabekayo kakhulu nge-acne nama-acne yikungenelela komuntu ngokwakhe. Intombazane ifuna ukuyilahla ngokushesha, ngakho iqala ukuyihlwitha ngezandla zayo, ihlasele futhi ifake ngezipikili zayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-cysts ahlanzekile akhiwa. Okuphikisayo ubuso futhi kubangele ukucindezeleka ngendlela yezivunguvungu, izibazi kanye nezicubu. Ezinye zazo azidluli, zihlala njengamabala e-pigment for life.
Ama-acne nama-hormone
Ithonya le-androgens ekubunjweni kwe-acne akungabazeki: amangqamuzana wezinhlayiya ezisabekayo anemitholampilo ye-androgens, eyandisa ukukhushulwa kwe-seborrhea kanye nama-acne. Lezi zinqubo, isibonelo, akakaze zenzeke emathenwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, kanye nasezinganeni ezincane nasebekhulile. Amazinga aphakanyisiwe we-androgens angabangela induna kubafazi asebekhulile. Ngesikhathi amadoda ehlupheka kaningi kangako. Ngendlela, ukwakheka kwe-antiandrogenic kunganciphisa kakhulu i-seborrhea.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-acne, zingaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene zokubukeka nokubonakaliswa, okungaphezulu noma okuncane okushiwo. Ngokuya ngesimo nangesizathu, izinyathelo eziphakanyisiwe zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile kanye zendawo zikhethiwe.
Izinhlobo ze-acne nama-acne
Kuye ngokusakazeka kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilonda zesikhumba, ukubonakaliswa okuhlukahlukene kwezifo ze-acne - follicular kanye ne-pustular zisetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acne ingahlukaniswa ngemithi ibe yizihlobo ezilandelayo:
I-acne acne - ngokuvamile ivela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ezimweni eziningi ngokuzenzekelayo ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yobude. Kodwa-ke, badinga ukwelashwa, ngakho-ke i-KA ingathinta ingqondo yengqondo yengane yentsha, ibangele ukwehlisa ukuzethemba kwayo.
Ama-cyst ahlanzekile - avela ngenxa yokungenela kwabantu. Ngokuvamile, amacembe namabala angalingani ebusweni asele. Akufanele neze ulethe isimo esimweni sabo.
I-Acne pustular (pseudoscrofulloderma) ibonakala ngokungafihli okujulile nokubunjwa kwama-cysts nama-acne amakhulu. Bapholisa kancane kancane, beshiya izibazi ezingenalutho nezingenangqondo. Lolu shintsho lwenzeka cishe emadodeni kuphela, alukwazi ukumboza ubuso kuphela, kodwa futhi emuva, isifuba, izimpondo, ubuhlungu kanye nezintambo.
I-acne dermatitis - ebonakala ngokubunjwa kwamacembe emva kokushiya ama-acne, evame ukuhambisana nama-pustules ahlukahlukene futhi unomqondo onenjongo. Izindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ezenzekayo yindawo yentamo.
I-acne necrosis ivela esikhwameni. Ngendlela ye-acne kukhona i-necrosis yezicubu futhi kamuva kukhona izibazi nezibazi ngaphansi kwezinwele.
Izimbangela zezintambo nama-acne
I-acne ingaba uphawu lwesifo esibi kakhulu segazi. Lendlulisela kuphela kumadoda amasha aso isikhumba saso sishintsha kakhulu. Kukhona induna, ehambisana nezimpawu ezivamile (umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu obuhlangene). Izifundo ezengeziwe zingabonisa izinga eliphakeme le-EPR namaseli egazi amhlophe.
Ama-acne angabangelwa ukuvezwa kwe-chlorine, i-oli, i-tar.
Ama-acne angabonakala ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa kwezigulane ezidakayo noma izidakamizwa ezithinta ukugcinwa kwezingqungquthela ze-sebaceous.
I-acne ye-cosmetic - ivela ngenxa yokugubha emlonyeni wezinhlayiya ze-sweat futhi ngokuyisisekelo ithatha uhlobo lwe-acne encane namacne.
I-baby acne ihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha amaminerali okunakekelwa futhi ithatha uhlobo lwamapulules, ama-cysts ngisho ne-abscess, okuyizinto ezingavamile.
Ukuphathwa kwama-acne jikelele kanye nama-acne
Ukwelashwa okuvamile kuhilela ama-antibiotics. Okuphumelela kakhulu, njengokungumthetho, yi-tetracycline, okwamanje ibaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni induna. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-antibiotics erythromycin, i-clindamycin, i-minocycline ayasebenza kakhulu. Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ngokuhambisana nesimiso esinqunyiwe sokuthatha imithi, ngokwezinga elincane ngokutheleleka kwamagciwane. Ngokuvamile bayamukelwa amasonto amaningi noma ngisho nezinyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele wengeze ngokwengeziwe ukuthatha amavithamini PP, B2 noCC Uma kwenzeka uthatha izakhi eziningi ze-multivitamin, kufanele ugweme lezo eziqukethe i-vitamin B12, ngoba kuphela kuphela okungabangela izimpawu ze-acne.
Ngezifo ezinzima zesifo, i-roacutane ifakwa emzimbeni. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuthatha izinyanga ezingu-3-5. Lesi sidakamizwa, njengenye yokuphatha ngomlomo, kufanele sithathwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha okuqinile. Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka imiphumela emibi, isiguli kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi sithathe ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Abesifazane ngalesi sikhathi akufanele basebenzise amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-acne nge-zinc usawoti
Abesifazane abanezidakamizwa ze-hormone bangase batuswa umuthi we-action antiandrogenic. Ibuye isetshenziselwe izinyanga eziningi ngemuva kokukhipha ukuphikisana kwezifo zesifo somzimba nesisu (ngokwesibonelo, isifo sesibindi, isifo se-lipid kanye ne-coagulation). Ukwamukelwa kwakhe kufanele kube ngaphansi kokulawulwa, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo kufanele kunikezwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Lezi zidakamizwa zingathathwa kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela.
Kukhona ukugonywa kwe-avenue, kodwa maduze akusetshenzisiwe ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphansi. Kanti futhi izindlela ezivame ukuphakanyiswa kwegazi legazi nge-intramuscular in the vein nazo zingavamile ukusetshenziswa.
Ukwelashwa kwendawo ye-acne nama-acne
Njengendlela yokwelapha ama-topical, izixazululo zokuhlanza eziqukethe i-menthol ne-salicylic acid zisetshenziswa. Ukuphumelela ngokufanayo yisisombululo, esihlanganisa isulfure phakathi kwezinye izithako.
Kukhona futhi amalungiselelo amaningi alungiselelwe aqukethe ama-antibiotic, ngokuvamile ahlanganiswa nezinye izithako. Isibonelo, isisombululo se-clindamycin (i-phosphate equkethe) kanye ne-emulsion encane ecasulayo neGel Acnemycin. Kukhona namafutha okuqukethe ama-miconazole ne-benzoyl peroxide kanye nekhilimu ene-acetate ye-zinc ne-erythromycin.
Futhi, imikhiqizo equkethe amavithamini nama-acids asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Lezi zidakamizwa zenzelwe ukunciphisa ukucasuka kwemisebenzi yesikhashana kanye nobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezibucayi kanye nezinwele zezinwele. Zivame ukusetshenziswa emasontweni ambalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, akufanele ususe ilanga futhi usebenzise izimonyo nemithi equkethe utshwala. Imithi, enomphumela ofanayo, ngokuvamile ibekezelela kangcono kune-asidi-vithamini. Kodwa umphumela wabo awude futhi kudlula ngokushesha.
Ukwelashwa kwe-acne ekhaya
Uma uphathwa ekhaya, uchungechunge lwamakhemikhali aziwayo (ama-creams, ama-gel, onychi, emulsions) angasetshenziswa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kufanele kuhlale kwenzeka ngemva kokubonisana nodokotela wezinambuzane, ngoba ngokuhambisana nemithi ethile kungabangela ukucasula isikhumba. Kungenzeka njalo ukuhlanza isikhumba (ikakhulukazi nge-acne amaningi) ekuhlinzekeni kwezimonyo.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokusho komuthi we-dermatologist. Uchwepheshe uzokwazi ukuhlola kahle ukuthi ukwelashwa kwama-acne okwanele kukwanele, yiziphi izidakamizwa okufanele zifakwe ngaphandle noma zifakwe ekulungiseleleni umsebenzi wonke.
Kusukela ekwelapheni kwe-acne ngezidakamizwa ezinzima, akufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi alindele ukutakula okusheshayo nokugcwele. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwazo ngendlela ehlelekile ngemuva kwezincomo zodokotela kuzosiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kwama- acne nama-acne
Amanye ama-dermatologists ancoma i-ultraviolet irradiation. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, kufanele uhlale ucabangela imiphumela yaso emibi - ukuguga ngokushesha kwesikhumba, ingozi ye-carcinogenic. Ukuhlinzwa kusetshenziselwa ukulungisa izibazi emva kwe-acne - lo msebenzi wezinambuzane zokuhlinza epulasitiki.