Noma yisiphi isimo esinzima sidinga ukusabela okusheshayo nokuziphatha okulungile. Ngaphambi kokubiza i-ambulensi, omama nabazali kudingeka baqonde ukuthi yini esongela ukuphila komntwana futhi aqede lokhu kusongela.
Yiqiniso, uma i-crumb ingenalwazi, ayinayo i-pulse noma ukuphefumula, akulula kakhulu ukusiza ingane. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ukwazi ukuqhuba ukuvuselelwa kwe-cardiopulmonary, futhi lokhu ungafundiswa kuphela ngezifundo ezikhethekile ngokuhlinzekwa kokunakekelwa kokuqala kokwelapha. Kodwa ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukukwazi ukubhekana nokunciphisa ukuhlushwa kwengane ngokusheshisa futhi ngokuncintisana kuyadingeka.
Umzimba wangaphandle
Umzimba wakwamanye amazwe, owehla kakhulu ekondeni, endlebeni noma emphefumulweni awukwazi ukukhishwa ngokuzimela.
Uma ingane ishaywa kancane, yenze ukuba ikhwehlela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukugxilisa ingane yakho phambili, isime, igcine isisu sayo. Phela ungaphenduli izingane zibe phansi futhi ikakhulukazi ungazitholi. Lokhu kusiza ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa kubhekene nomonakalo ku-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho kanye nesistimu ye-central central. Awukwazi futhi ukugoqa kanzima ngemuva - ukuze ukwazi ukunyundela umzimba wangaphandle uphinde ungene ku-bronchi.
Umntwana kufanele abekwe esiswini futhi, ephethe ikhanda lakhe, thepha kancane emhlane. Ingane ekhulile iguqa ngamadolo futhi iphinde ibambe ngemuva.
Ukuphuza
Uma igazi lishaya noma liphuma elesilonda, kubalulekile ukugeza indawo ewonakele ngamanzi ahlanzekile nasensiphu, uyiphathe nge-hydrogen peroxide, i-miramistin noma enye i-antiseptic, sebenzisa ibhande elihlanzekile. Khohlwa nge-iodine (itshisa amanxeba futhi ishiya amahlaya angaphili kahle) futhi i-zelenka (itshaya isikhumba kakhulu).
Uma ingane isuka ngamandla, udinga ukwenza i-padding ekhethekile bese uyibeka esilonda (ukubopha oyinyumba kungcono kulezi zinhloso), futhi ufake i-bandage eqinile phezulu (ukuze ungadideki ne-tourniquet!). Uma igazi ligeleza, ungabeka enye ibhandeji ngaphezulu kweyokuqala, kodwa ngaphezulu kwama-bandages amathathu! Njengomthetho, lokhu kwanele.
Ngemuva kokuthi igazi limiswe futhi isilonda siboshwe, ungathatha ingane ekamelweni eliphuthumayo.
Uma umthombo wegazi ugijima kusukela esilonda, kusho ukuthi umthambo uwonakele futhi awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-tourniquet. Uma ungazange udlule inkambo ekhethekile, futhi i-tourniquet isadingeka, ke khumbula ukuthi:
- Faka i-tourniquet engxenyeni engezansi kwehlombe noma engxenyeni engaphezulu kwethanga (kodwa njalo ngaphezu kwesilonda);
- Awukwazi ukubeka i-tourniquet ezembathweni zesisulu nakumzimba we-naked, wabeka indwangu encane ngaphansi kwe-tourniquet;
- Ebusika, ukushiswa kusetshenziselwa imizuzu engama-30, ehlobo - ihora.
Kubalulekile ukurekhoda ngokunembile isikhathi. Isikhathi eside sokusetshenziswa kwe-tourniquet singasongela ukulahlekelwa kwesilungu. Uma ingane inegazi emakhaleni, mcele ukuba anciphise ikhanda lakhe phansi bese efaka i-bandage ebandayo noma iqhwa ekhaleni nasekhanda lakhe, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kweminye imizuzu engu-7-10. Ama-nosebleeds asetshenziswayo ngalesi sikhathi kufanele ayeke. Uma ingavumi, iya kudokotela. Ungabuzi ukuphonsa ikhanda lakho phezulu. Khona-ke igazi lizogeleza ngaphakathi esiswini, lingabangela ukuhlanza, bese esikhundleni se-otolaryngologist, i-gastroenterologists izokhipha umntwana.
Ngokulimala kwekhasi, ukushisa okufanayo kanye nohambo oluphuthumayo ekamelweni lokuphuthumayo kuzokusiza!
Ukulunywa kwezilwane nezinambuzane
Ukulunywa kwezilwane ngokuvamile kunqunywa odokotela ngokuthi "amanxeba angcolile angcolile." Bahlanza, baphathwa nge-antiseptic, futhi kusetshenziswe ibhande elihlanzekile endaweni yokuluma, ngemva kwalokho kungenzeka ukuba baye kudokotela, ngaphandle kokuthi inyoka kuphela ihlaba.
Ziyingozi kakhulu, sidinga isenzo esifanele futhi esisheshayo. I-bandage inhle kakhulu nge-bandage ehlanganisiwe ekuqondeni kusuka enhliziyweni kuya iminwe. Faka isicelo seqhwa (esiboshwe ngezicubu) endaweni yokuluma, unikele ingane ngokuthula futhi uhambe ngokuphuthumayo kudokotela olimaza i-antidote. Endleleni, unike ingane ukudla okuningi - izinso zokususa ubuthi zizodinga usizo.
I-sting yezinyosi ingabangela inhlekelele, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubeka umkhuhlane endaweni yokuluma, ukunikeza ingane ukuphuza amanzi.
Ukuhlaba ama-mite kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Lezi zinambuzane ziyisifo sezifo eziningi eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi i-borreliosis ne-encephalitis. Ngakho umkhaza awugcini nje ukuluma, kodwa uhlala esilonda futhi uyaqhubeka uphuza igazi. Kungcono ukuthatha ingane esibhedlela, lapho udokotela onolwazi eyokhipha ama-parasite futhi ajobe umuthi. Ukuzikhandla-ukudonsa umuthi kungasebenzisa i-loop yentambo. Siwuphonsa emzimbeni ohamba phambili wekhakiti bese uwujikeleza esilonda ngezinyathelo zokujikeleza. Awukwazi ukushiya ikhanda lomkhakethi: indawo yokuluma, cishe kungenzeka, igobile. Inhloko ikhishwa njenge-splinter evamile ngenaliti. Indawo yokuluma kumele iphathwe ngotshwala.
Usizo lokuqala kuleso simo ngasinye luzohluka, futhi ukwelashwa kwezinga lesine lokushiswa kugxila kuphela odokotela, ungazami ukwenza lutho ngokwakho. Okokuqala, udinga ukususa umphumela wesici esilimazayo, ngamanye amazwi, ukuqeda ukuthi yini ebangela ukushisa. Ungabuki izicubu ezishisayo emzimbeni! Shiya endaweni, lokhu kuzokuqonda udokotela. Bhisa indawo epholile. Ama-anesthetizes abandayo futhi angeke avumele ukunqotshwa kusakaze kakhulu ngaphakathi kwezicubu.
Uma kwenzeka ukushisa, kwanele ukunciphisa indawo etshisayo emanzini okushisa okubandayo. Ngemuva kwalokho-sebenzisa i-spytic spray bese usebenzisa ibhande elibolile. Okokuqala, ukubopha okuhlanzekile okumanzi kusetshenziselwa indawo enzima, futhi kuphela lapho amanzi athululelwa kuyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngokushisa ukunikeza ingane isiphuzo esihle kakhulu, kuzosiza izinso ukuthi zibhekane nokuqedwa kobuhlungu.
Amacala lapho kudingekile, ngokushisa, kudinga udokotela, okungukuthi:
- uma ingane ithole ukushisa ngaphambi konyaka;
- ukushisa u-groin;
- noma yikuphi ukushisa kobuso, intamo nenhloko;
- bashise amabele emantombazaneni;
- ukushisa kwegoli noma ukuguqa ngamadolo;
- ipheshana eliphezulu lokuphefumula;
- iso liyashisa.
Kumele ugweme izindawo zokushisa ngama-creams, amafutha, ufefa nge-soda noma uthele umchamo. Ukushisa kuwukunqotshwa kwezicubu, okuyinto encane futhi ibe yingozi kakhulu. Ngomchamo, ukutheleleka kungathathwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, akubandayo futhi ngeke kuvimbele ukulimala kwezicubu. Ama-greasy creams namafutha angeke avumele isikhumba ukuba "siphefumule", futhi i-soda izokwandisa umphumela wobuhlungu kuphela.
Ungasebenzisi ama-antidotes amakhemikhali. Isibonelo, uma ushisa nge-asidi, awukwazi ukuthulula ama-alkali kule ndawo. Ingane izothola ukushisa kabili: kusuka ku-asidi naku-alkali.
Ama-Frostbites
Uma ubanda, akufanele unike amandla amaningi okuphuza, futhi uphinde ugibe, usithwathwa, noma ufudumise indawo ewonakele. Zonke lezi zenzo zingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwesitho. Ukuze ubhekane ne-frostbite, sebenzisa i-bandage yokushisa-ukushisa (indwangu yoboya, isibonelo) endaweni elamelekile (ngokuhambisana nomngcele walo!), Nikeza itiye elimnandi elimnandi ingane futhi uthathe ingane kudokotela.
Ukuze unqume izinga leqhwa, kuthatha amahora angu-6 kuya ku-32. Kodwa noma kunjalo, udinga ukubona udokotela.
Ukuhlukumeza
Uma izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-hypothermia zivela, ingane kufanele ifudumale, yinike itiye elifudumele kakhulu kanye nokudla, ngoba umzimba kuleso simo udinga amandla ikakhulukazi ukubuyiswa.
Kungcono ukubeka umntwana ekugezeni ngamanzi okushisa angama-36-38 C (hhayi ngaphezulu!) Emaminithi angu-15. Futhi, izingcindezi zomzimba nezingokwengqondo kufanele zifinyelelwe kuze kube yilapho ingane ibuyisela amandla ngokuphelele.
Ukushisa, ukushisa kwesibindi
Khumbula ukuthi i-38.5 C iyinsika lapho umzimba ulwa nalesi sifo. Ngaphambi kwalokhu (ezinganeni - kuze kufike ku-38 ° C), izinga lokushisa akufanele lihlehliswe. Uma iphakama phezulu, thatha isenzo. Kukhona izidakamizwa eziningi, kuhlanganise nezingane, ongazinciphisa izinga lokushisa, kodwa cishe zonke zinomphumela omubi egazini.
Thela amanzi ekugezeni ngokwezinga elilodwa elingaphansi kokufunda kwe-thermometer, ngemva kokulinganisa izinga lokushisa emvutheni. Emanzini kungcono ukunciphisa ukushisa okufanayo kwe-mercury thermometer, ukufundwa kuyoba nembile kakhulu. Akudingekile ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa kwamanzi, kuba ngumqhubi omuhle kakhulu wokushisa futhi, njengoba lipholile phansi, kuzosusa ukushisa okweqile kusuka kwengane. Imizuzu engu-20-30, izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngosuku.
Ukugoqa okumanzi nokucindezela okubandayo ebunzini. Ungabeki iqhwa esikhumbeni esingavinjelwe! Ngakho ungathola ama-frostbite. Iqhwa limbozwe ngendwangu futhi ligqoke imizuzu engu-10-15, kungabi khona. Ngokusula, ungafaka uviniga omncane wetafula.
Ukumboza umntwana, imisa ishidi emanzini afudumele - ishidi lizopholisa, futhi amanzi, ephuma, ayokhipha ukushisa okwedlulele.
Masiphuze isiphuzo esinomsoco esiphundu (ama-unsorsened mors, amanzi ane-lemon). Ungagqoki ama-diapers ezinsaneni ezigulayo futhi ungawufaki ngengubo. Ngokushaywa kwelanga noma ukushisa, umzimba wengane usukhohliwe ngezindlela ezifanayo. Qinisekisa ukugeleza komoya, kodwa qinisekisa ukuthi ingane ayifuni.
Ukuphelelwa amandla
Ukuphelelwa amandla, njengombuso, kudlulela ku-5-10 imizuzu, isikhathi eside kunamaminithi angu-10 - lokhu kulahlekelwa ukwazi kanye nesizathu esinzima sokubiza udokotela ngokushesha.
Ungazami ukuletha ingane ngaphakathi kwakho ngosizo lwe-ammonia noma ukuthuthumela. Uma umzimba "unqanyuliwe" okwesikhashana, khona-ke uzobuyela "kahle" ngokushelelayo. Kuthiwani uma ingane ihluleka? Phakamisa imilenze yakhe ukwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi ekhanda.
Qiniseka ukuthi umoya omusha ungena ekamelweni. Ngemuva kokuba ingane ivuke, yinike itiye elifudumele. Ukweqa njalo yisikhathi sokubonisana nodokotela.
I-tummy aches
Izinkinga ngesisu kungenzeka zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezintathu: ukuhlukunyezwa kwesisu, "ubuhlungu" kwesisu nesifo sobuthi.Izibonakaliso zokuhlukumezeka okungahambi kahle akuzona ezendawo, ukudonsa nobuhlungu obukhulu, ukugwinya, ukukhukhuma okubandayo, ukuphefumula okungavamile njalo, ukoma.Izikhathi ezithile kunesicasule nokuhlanza, kunzima thinta isisu, isifiso sokuphinda sibe nokuthunyelwa kwesisu. Usizo: kubanda phezu kwesisu, ukuthula kanye nokuphuthumayo esibhedlela.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ziyadumaza futhi ziyisiyaluyalu. Amaphesenti angama-85 wezinyosi ngenxa yokuthi ingane idla noma iphuza okuthile okungalungile. Hlanganisa isisu (ama-3-5 izindebe zamanzi abilayo afudumele futhi akukho mithi!) Kuze kube yilapho amanzi ebuyela emuva ebala. Emva kwalokho unganika ingilazi yamanzi apholile. Uma ubuthi obunobuthi buyenzeka ngephutha lokuphefumula, udinga ukuletha ingane emoyeni omusha bese uyiyisa kudokotela. Uma imithi enobuthi ingene egazini, udinga ukukhipha ukuhlanza kanye, bese unikeza amanzi apholile.
Angazi ukuthi umntanakho ubuthiwe yini? Ungathatha isampula yokuhlanza kudokotela. Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke izibhedlela ezizophenya, kodwa ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu zezokwelapha lokhu kuzokwenza umsebenzi wodokotela ube lula.
Ukulimala
Uma ingane ingena ekhanda layo, faka endaweni yokulimala imizuzu engu-10-15 ehlanganiswe ngezicubu zephakeji leqhwa.
Ingane ilahlekelwe yimiqondo noma ibukeka ilahlekile, ibonisa ukusabela okuxubile, kuhloswe nge-nausea kanye nekhanda? Shayela i-ambulensi futhi ubuke ubuciko bendlela yokuphefumula .Uma ungenalutho, faka uhlangothi oluhlangothini lwayo ukuze lungabi ngengozi.
Njengoba ngaphandle kwe-X-ray, uma ngisho nokuphuka kungavulwa, ngisho nodokotela onolwazi akakwazi ukucacisa ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwephulwa, abahlengikazi basebenzisa umthetho owodwa: noma yikuphi ukuhlukumezeka kungase kube ukuhlukumeza okungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kufanele usebenze ngokuqapha:
- njengoba ilungu liphukile, ngakho lilungise, ngaphandle kokushintsha isikhundla;
- lungisa wonke amalunga emhlangothini owodwa ngenhla nangaphansi kwephutha;
- uma kungekho tshani ekhethekile, kufanele kube khona okuthile okunethezeka (uboya bekotini, indwangu) phakathi kwe-latch (isakhiwo esiqinile) nonyawo noma isandla;
- aphule izimbambo ngokuqinile ukubopha ukuphuma. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi kulungile ukubopha izandla nezinyawo, ukulungisa i-collarbone ephukile, isizinda somgogodla ne-skull singafundwa kuphela kwizifundo ezikhethekile. Ngamaqabunga avulekile, qala ukuyeka igazi, bese ulungisa ukuphuka.
Shock
Njalo ukuhlukumezeka ukucindezeleka, okusho ukuthi ukushaqeka kungenzeka kunoma yikuphi. Isidingo ngasinye sokuqala kufanele sigcwaliswe ngezidakamizwa eziphikisayo:
- Ukufudumala ingane (yimboze futhi unike isiphuzo elifudumele);
- khuluma ngomntwana omele ngokuthula, ngokuthula nangomusa.
Ngokushaqeka okukhulu, unganiki ingane isilwane, ukusabela kungakwazi ukubikezela. Lokhu kuzokwenza udokotela ochwepheshe, uma kunesidingo.
Emhlabeni wonke, izindinganiso zosizo lokuqala lwezokwelapha ezamukelwa yi-Red Cross ziyasebenza. Wonke umuntu angafunda ngazo ngezifundo ezikhethekile, lapho afunda ukwenza ngokufanele futhi ngokushesha ezimweni ezinzima, asebenze ema-manikins afakwe izinzwa futhi afinyelele izinto eziyisisekelo ze-anatomy.