Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-debut yalesi sifo ayisobala ngaso sonke isikhathi, izimpawu "eziphazamisayo", futhi ukubonakaliswa kwayo kokuqala kuvame ukugula okuqhubekayo nokungafani kahle kwe-astigmatism ye-myopic ngokunciphisa izinga elibonakalayo elibonakalayo ezimweni zokulungiswa okulungile nama-lens spherical. Imfanelo yanda ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezibukwayo uma ibhekwa nge-diaphragm, ehlukanisa imilayezo yokusabalalisa ukukhanya futhi ikhipha ingxenye ye-cornea ngephrofayli yifomu ehambisana nendawo. Ukulungiswa okuphezulu okukhulu kwenza kube lula ukuthola ama-lens oxhumana nabo onzima, nakuba ezinyathelweni zakudala nalokhu kungabamba amalensi amancane atholakalayo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nalesi sifo esihlokweni esithi "Umlando wesifo ku-ophthalmology keratoconus."
Isici esibalulekile sokuhlukaniswa kwalesi sifo ukubonakala kwayo nokuthuthuka esikhathini esizayo kune-"myopia" yesikole, ukuguqulwa kwe-age kanye nokungafani kwezamehlo amabili ngokunyuka okusheshayo kwe-anisometropia. Izikhalazo ze-Asthenop ezihambisana nezidingo ezikhulayo zokusebenza kwezixhobo zokuhlala nazo ziyizici ngenxa yokubukeka kwe-astigmatism nokuhlukumeza okuhlukile kwamehlo. Izimpawu ezichazweyo zenza kube lula ukusola ukuthuthukiswa kwe-keratoconus futhi zikhonjiswe njengesibonakaliso sokwenza i-ophthalmometry (noma i-keratometry) ne-biomicroscopy ngaphansi kwesibani sokuqhafaza. Nge-ophthalmometry, ukunakwa kuyadonsela ekuphambukeni futhi kunciphise inani lezitembu zokuhlola, irejista yokuvinjwa kwe-cornea kuya ku-7 nangaphansi kwama-millimeters, ukwanda kwamandla ayo okubuyisela ku-48 Dpt nokuningi. I-Biomicroscopy ngokusetshenziswa kwesigaba esincane sokukhanya sikhombisa ukuthambekela kokungena kwendawo ye-cornea, ngokuvamile kuya phansi, ngezinye izikhathi i-paracentral. I-cut cut is a slowly thinning endaweni ye-keratoconus ene-characteristic ye-epithelium, eyokuqala, ehlushwa isici se Bowman. Khona-ke kukhona amaphutha kanye namafolda we-stroma negobolondo likaDescemet ngokubunjwa kobude obuvamile - izitshalo zeVogt. Ukuguquka kwiphrofayli engemuva kwe-cornea kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamaseli okugcina ekugcineni kwendawo kanye nokungena kwamanzi amanzi abe ngumbono we-cornea. Ngenxa yalokho, kubonakala sengathi i-clouding evela kwendawo kuya ku-edema ephelele, ebizwa ngokuthi i-dropsy ye-cornea noma i-acer keratoconus.
Naphezu kwenani elikhulu lemibono mayelana nomlando wesifo ku-ophthalmology, imbangela yokuthuthukiswa keratoconus ayicaci. Ngakho-ke, ukuphathwa kwe-pathogenetic akukhona. Ezimweni zokuqala, ukwelashwa kwe-dystrophic ehambisana nokuqokwa kwe-taufon, derinata, ama-vitasik amalungiselelo ngokulandelana kokulungiswa ngamalensi othintana nabo abathintekayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-keratoconus ephawulekayo kuyisibonakaliso sokuphela kwe-keratoplasty. Muva nje, odokotela batusa ngezigaba zokuqala ze-keratoconus ukwenza umsebenzi ohlangene, ukuhlanganisa i-laser keratectomy ne-phototherapeutic keratectomy, okuvuselela izindawo "ze-corset" zegobolondo le-Bowman ne-cornea. Nokho, nakuba imiphumela yokuqala ikhuthaza, lezi zindlela zidinga ukuqinisekiswa ngesikhathi.
"Phacogenic" myopia
Ngokufanisa kanye ne-ophthalmology nge-phacogenic glaucoma, eqala ngenxa ye-cataracts, ukuvuvukala, i-lyse noma i-subluxation ye-lens, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa kanye ne-myopia ephakheni. Ekuphileni, sihlangabezana nalokhu okuhlukile kanye nomlando wesifo kaningi kunalokho kubonakala. Noma yiliphi i-ophthalmologist liyazi ukuthi abantu abanesifo sengculazi banamathuba amaningi okubona ngezingilazi ezingalungile. Futhi ngokuvamile laba bantu babengekho okwesikhashana ebusheni babo. Isizathu sokwenyuka kwesibindi singase sibe hydration, hydration, vacuolization of lens inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-cataract. Ikakhulukazi iyashintsha kakhulu amandla ayo okubuyisa, lapho le nqubo ithinta ingxenye enkulu kakhulu futhi ehlanganisiwe - eyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, i-cataract ye-nyukliya ivame ukuqala ngokubonakala noma ukuqina kwesifo. Abanye abantu baze baziqhayise ngokuthi udokotela ubhala iziglasi zokufunda ezibuthaka, futhi bangakwazi ukufunda ngaphandle kwezibuko. Abanye beza kudokotela ngezikhalazo zokukhubazeka kombono, kaningi iso lokuqala. Udokotela uthatha izibuko futhi uyamqinisekisa lowo muntu ukuthi akukho lutho olwesabekayo, umlisa oneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu namashumi ayisithupha ubudala uvele futhi uthuthuka myopia. Kunezimo lapho, ngesikhathi sishintsha ngokushesha izibuko phakathi nonyaka, ngokuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo (ngo-2-4pts!) Izifo zatholakala ukuthi i-scleroplasty yaphakanyiswa! Yiqiniso, ngokufika komshini omkhulu wekhompiyutha yabantu, manje sesiqala ukubhekana, okokuqala, ukwanda kokwenqatshwa kubantu ngisho nangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35-40 abasebenza emsebenzini omkhulu. Noma kunjalo akuyona into ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukuqhuma kwe-keratoconus kwesihlanu kuya kweyisithupha nangaphezulu kweminyaka eyishumi, ikakhulu uma ngabe ingilazi engalungile yokulungisa iyanciphisa ubuciko obubonakalayo yisisusa sokusola ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa nokuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwe-biomicroscopic. Uma kuqinisekiswa ukutholakala kwe-cataract ne-phacogenic keratoconus, ukufakwa okuvamile kwe-vitamin therapy kuboniswa ngencazelo kumuntu ngezimbangela zokuthuthukiswa kwe-myopia. Manje siyazi ukuthi umlando wesifo ukhona yini ku-ophthalmology keratoconus.