Bambalwa abantu abangabaza ukuthi utshwala nokukhulelwa akuhambisani. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, kukhona abantu abathi ukuphuza ngokweqile kumntwana ngeke kulimale. Cabanga ukuthi utshwala lusebenza kanjani ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa ekuthuthukiseni i-fetus. Futhi futhi ngenkathi yokukhulelwa ngokwayo.
Imiphumela yotshwala ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa
Utshwala ezikhathini zokuqala zesimo esithakazelisayo kuvame ukusetshenziselwa owesifazane ngisho nalapho engacabangi ukuthi ukhulelwe. Kodwa ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa ukuthi utshwala buletha izinkinga eziningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa zonke izitho zangaphakathi zengane zibekiwe. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa, ukuphuza kungabangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu okungahambi kahle. Ukuze uqiniseke ngengozi yotshwala, cabanga okwenzekayo ngalesi sikhathi nge-embryo.
Phakathi nesonto lokuqala emva kokukhulelwa, iqanda elikhukhunziwe ngaphakathi kwebhubhisi le-fallopian liya emgodini wesibindi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-oocyte iqala ukwahlukana kakhulu. Esigumbini sesibindi singena eqanda ngesimo seqoqo lamaseli. Ngesonto lesibili, iqanda liqala ukungena odongeni lwesibeletho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igobolondo le-branching iqala ukwakha - i-chorion, okudingekayo ukulungisa iqanda lomntwana wesisu emgodini we-uterine. Kusemasontweni amabili okuqala emva kokukhulelwa ukuthi umphumela wotshwala uthinta ukukhulelwa ngale ndlela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utshwala akuthinti ukuthatha ukukhulelwa nhlobo, noma kubangelwa ukukhulelwa okungahambi kahle.
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi owesifazane ofuna ukubeletha ingane ngemuva kokuphuza utshwala, engazi ukuthi ukhulelwe, ngemuva kokucindezeleka okuningi. Uma ukukhulelwa kugcinwa, esikhathini esizayo kufanele kukhishwe ekuphuzeni utshwala ngokuphelele.
Ukuphuza utshwala ngeviki lesine lesimo esithakazelisayo kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba inqubo ye-organogenesis iqala. Uma kungenjalo, ibhukimakhi iqala, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezitho zangaphakathi zengane. Ukungena emzimbeni wesifazane, utshwala buyatshwa kakhulu futhi ngokuqinisekile, ku-fetus. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi utshwala buyisici esinobuthi obuphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwengane.
Iziphambeko ezingabonwa ezinganeni, ekusebenziseni umama utshwala
Ubudala be-fetus bubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nenkathi yemiphumela enobuthi. Ukutheleleka komama emasontweni okuqala angu-12 okukhulelwa, lapho kubeka izitho, kwandisa ingozi yokuhlukunyezwa okuhlukahlukene ekuthuthukiseni umntwana. Ukuphuza utshwala ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa kungaholela ekuphambeni okulandelayo kwengane. Lokhu kungukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo noma ukungabi nalutho kwamalungu, ukuhlukumeza, ukuhlanganiswa kweminwe, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ekuthuthukeni kwengane yezinzwa zomzimba, okungezona ukuqiniswa kwe-palate elukhuni, njll. Ngaphezulu kuka-70% yabantwana abazalwa nomama abasebenzisa utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa benesifo sokuhlushwa, ukuwohloka komqondo nokunye okuhlukahlukeneyo ukugula kwengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane zingabhekwa: i-enuresis, ukubonwa nokuzwa ukukhubazeka kokuzwa, ukukhathazeka, ukugula okubangelwa ukugula, njll. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphansi kokuthwala utshwala esifundeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa komntwana, isimiso sezinzwa sisuke sibhekene naso kuqala.
Ukubonakaliswa okulandelayo (imitholampilo) ye-fetal syndrome ephuza ngokweqile kuvame kakhulu: ukuthuthukiswa okungahambisani kahle kwezicubu ze-adipose, ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba, ukuhlushwa kwemisipha. Ama-anomalies we-Craniofacial (ubukhulu bomzimba obunciphile) njenge-microcephaly, ukungasebenzi kwesistimu yezinzwa, ubuhle obuphakathi kobuso. Umngcele obomvu obomvu wezindebe, ukuchithwa okuncane kweso, i-epicanthus, i-ptosis, amaphutha ekuthuthukiseni iso, i-strabismus. Futhi, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, ukuhlukunyezwa okuhlangene, i-cleft palate ne-lip engenhla.
Futhi, ukukhuluma ngethonya lokuphuza utshwala ekuthuthukiseni ukukhulelwa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi utshwala lunomphumela we-embryotoxic, i-fetus ithinteka yizinto ezifana ne-acetaldehyde ne-ethanol. Umphumela wezinto ezinjalo ekukhulelweni kuhoxisa ekuqaliseni okuvamile kwama-molecule we-DNA namaprotheni asesiswini somgogodla nobuchopho.
Owesifazane ofuna ukubeletha ingane egcwele futhi enempilo kufanele alahle ngokuphelele utshwala ngesikhathi ekhulelwe, ngoba umntwana onempilo uyinto engcono kakhulu engenzeka ekuphileni kwabazali.