Amathoyizi wezingane kusukela ngonyaka kuya eminyakeni emithathu aboniswa uhla olubanzi, futhi uma uzama ukuthenga konke okunikezwayo, cishe cishe ubukhulu bekhredithi yakho ngeke buvumele.
"0 kuya ku-3 kuvinjelwe"
Okokuqala, sizoxoxa nawe uphawu oluvame ukuphawula kumathoyizi: "Kubantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ubudala". Nakuba, eqinisweni, ngokuphindaphindiwe babhekene neqiniso lokuthi uphawu olunjalo lubuye lwamathoyizi afanele izingane kusukela eminyakeni emibili nangaphezulu. Okubalulekile ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nesitokisi hhayi kuphela ngelebula kulebuli, kodwa futhi neminye imithombo ewusizo.
Ngivame ukuthenga ingane yami eneminyaka eyodwa nengxenye impela imathoyizi enjalo ngebheji "elingavinjelwe". Kungani? Yebo, ngoba ngibheka ingane yami ukuthi leli tshishi liyathakazelisa futhi liwusizo, ngakho-ke ungaqali nge-toy ewusizo ekuthuthukiseni hhayi kusukela eminyakeni emithathu ubudala, kodwa, uthi, eyodwa nesigamu eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili. Uma ucabanga ngakho, eminyakeni emithathu lokhu ithoyizi ingaba yintsana futhi ayithakazelisi. Ukuthenga lokhu kudlala, udinga ukucabangela amaphuzu amaningana abalulekile:
- ithoyizi akumele iqukathe izingxenye ezincane;
- Itheyizi akufanele ibe nezinsimbi ezinobuthi nezingozi;
- ukudlala ngethoyi, kubalulekile ukubandakanya abantu ababili - izinyane kanye nomuntu omdala;
- ngemuva kokudlala ngethoyi, kudingeka uyibeke endaweni yayo (noma ebhokisini elenzelwe amathoyizi, noma ebhokisini elikhethekile eligcinwe amathoyizi, noma endaweni engenafinyeleleki kumntwana uma ithoyizi ingathandeki ingane ngokudlala okuzimele (isibonelo, amakhrayoni e-wax angadonsela izingane kusukela ngonyaka, kodwa, njengoba izingane ziyakwazi ukunambitha, ngesikhathi esifanayo kungcono ukugcina into enjalo ekudaleni kwezingane endaweni ekhethekile "eyimfihlo").
Ukubaluleka kwamathoyizi ekuthuthukiseni izingane zeminyaka yesibili nesithathu yokuphila
Indima yamathoyizi ekuthuthukiseni ingane kusukela ngonyaka owodwa kuya eminyakeni emithathu kunzima ukugcizelela. Zenza iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono amakhono emoto, ukucabanga okunengqondo, okudala nokucabanga, ukwandisa umbono womntwana namakhono akhe okuphila. Ngakho-ke, ucabanga ngokuthenga ithoyizi evamile yengane yakho, udinga ukukala izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
- amandla akho wezezimali;
- ukusetshenziswa nokubaluleka kwalesi sidakamizwa somntwana;
- ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kwedoti;
- ukuhlola lawo makghono namakhono, ukuthuthukiswa okugqugquzela ithoyizi;
- ukuhlaziya ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ithoyizi entsha kangakanani kaningi;
- futhi, ekugcineni, khumbula ukuthi amathoyizi asemqoka kakhulu, okwenzelwe kakhulu kid.
Ingane kufanele ithole amathoyizi ahlukahlukene azosiza ekuthuthukisweni kwayo yonke. Lokhu kungukuthi akufanele kube kuphela amadonki noma amashini wokubhala, ukufakwa kwempahla kufanele kube okubanzi futhi kumelwe ngamakhrayoni, amapende, amaplastiki, ama-developing, amakhi, amantongomane, i-toy-sorter nama-puzzle, njll. Kulokhu, lapho uthenga ithoyizi, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi ingane kufanele idlalwe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokubandakanya kwabantu abadala. Phela, kuhlale kulula ukufunda konke uma kukhona "umlingani onolwazi" ozokutshela futhi abonise, futhi adlale ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukukhethwa kwamathoyizi kuvulekile
Ububanzi bamathoyizi wezingane zanamuhla kusuka ngonyaka owodwa kuya eminyakeni emithathu bubanzi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, akuvamile ukuthi abazali babhekane nenye inkinga yokuzikhethela, inkinga yokukhetha ithoyizi yengane yabo ethandekayo. Kodwa nokho, ngendlela efanele, ukhetho lwenziwa ngokushesha ngokushesha. Uma ulungiselela kusengaphambili, unqume ukuthi yini oyifunayo ngokuqondile, khona-ke uzofika esitolo hhayi nje ukuthenga okuthile, kodwa ukuthenga ithoyizi ekhethekile ewusizo.
Okokuqala, sizobhekana nezigaba eziyisisekelo zamathoyizi ezinganeni kusukela ngonyaka kuya eminyakeni emithathu. Lezi yizinto zamathoyizi ezilandelayo:
- ihhovisi lezingane (ama-crayon wax, izimpawu zomncane kunazo zonke, i-plasticine (inhlama yokufanisa);
- izincwadi zezingane ezivela ochungechungeni "Kubantu abadala abafundela izingane" noma izincwadi zezithombe;
- amathoyizi okugeza;
- amathoyizi asebenzisanayo;
- i-rocking-wheeling;
- abakhi bomncinyane (ngokuvamile ngamapulangwe);
- ama-cubes, ama-pounders;
- amodoli nama-pups;
- imishini;
- amadonsa;
- amathoyizi athambile;
- i-mosaic;
- amathoyizi omculo;
- i-puzzle;
- imibhoshongo;
- Ukuthuthukisa ama-disks, amakhadi athuthukayo, ukuthuthukisa amaphepheni;
- Amafolda abhaliswe;
- ama-sorters, ama-puzzle;
- izintambo.
Ukuba nomqondo ojwayelekile wezinsizakalo eziyinhloko zamathoyizi, kuzoba lula ukuthola ukuthi yini oyifunayo ngempela.
Ukuthuthukisa amathoyizi noma amathoyizi "womzwelo"?
Isiyaluyalu esilandelayo sokuzikhethela: ukuthi yini ongayithenga, ukuthuthukisa ithoyizi noma ithoyizi "yombono". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, noma yiliphi ithoyizi elikhulayo lingase lihlale lidlala ithoyizi, njengoba nje noma yiliphi ithoyizi ngaphandle kokugxila ekuthuthukisweni okungase kube "inzuzo" ekuthuthukiseni ingane. Isibonelo, noma iyiphi idoli, njengombuso, akuyona eyakheka ekuthuthukiseni amathoyizi, kodwa lokhu kudlala kuyakha amakhono amakhono omphakathi wengane. Ingane ifunda ukunakekela "ingane yokudlala". Izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kweminyaka eyodwa kuya kwemibili zifana nokugodla amadonsa, ukugeza nokuzidla, ukuzibeka embhedeni, futhi "ukuxhumana" nabo. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu okushiwo ngaphambili, isiphetho esiyinhloko silandela: amathoyizi ayadingeka futhi abalulekile, noma iyiphi into yokudlala idlala "umnikelo" ekuthuthukiseni ingane.
Amathoyizi ekudaleni kwezingane
Abazali abaningi bahlehlisa lolu hlobo lwamathoyizi esikhathini esizayo esikude, bachaza isinqumo sabo ngokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, yini engadonsela umntwana oneminyaka eyodwa. Kule ndaba, yebo, ngiyakwazi ukuphikisana. I-kid "idonsela", "ibhala" futhi ibonisa "umhlaba wakhe omncane" kusuka emigqeni, amachashazi nemigqa elinezintambo. Ukubhala amakhrayoni noma umaki wamakhanda akuyona nje into ewufanele, kepha ngisho nakakhulu, kuyadingeka kakhulu.
Ungabi ovilapha kakhulu ukudweba nomntwana ndawonye, ubhale amagama ambalwa, njengokuthi "Umama", "Baba", "Baba", "Igama lomntwana". Ngeke uvuselele kuphela amakhono okudweba esikoleni ekhanda lakho, kodwa futhi uthole imizwa eminingi emihle!
Kodwa ukudala kwezingane akupheli emakhilayoni nama-tip tip. Ngeke kulimaze ukulala nomntwana noma "ukupenda" izandla zakho ngamapayipi akhethekile. Njengento yokufanisa, ubumba olukhethekile noma, okuthiwa "inhlama yokubunjwa" kulungile. Kuphephile kubantu abancane "abahloli bamazwe", abashiyi ama-greasy stains, akathinti ukuphatha futhi ahlanzeke kalula ngemuva kwemisebenzi ethakazelisayo.
Amathoyizi ezemfundo ezikhuni
In pedagogy yesimanje, kugcizelelwa kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo ezinganeni zamathoyizi. Isihlahla esivela kulo mbono yizinto ezingcono kakhulu. Le ndaba akuyona nje kuphela ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo, kodwa futhi emandleni amnandi ukuthi amathoyizi akhiwe ngamapulangwe ayenzi ngokwabo. Imininingwane yezinkuni zalezi zathoyizi kuhle ukubamba, zihlale zifudumele kulokhu okuthinta, futhi ubuso obanzi bezithoyizi ezinjalo zihlakulela ngokuphelele ukuzwela okuthinta ukuphathwa kwezingane. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imboni yethisimanje yesimanje ithuthukiswa kanjani ngokusuka ezintweni eziphambili zanamuhla, amathoyizi okufundisa emapulangwe phakathi kwabo ayohlala ehlala endaweni efanelekayo. Amathoyizi anamapulangwe anamuhla aphezulu, aqoshwe ngezinto ezingekho ezinobuthi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abhekwa izindleko eziphakeme.
Amathoyizi ezemfundo ezikhuni ezinganeni kusukela ngonyaka owodwa kuya kwezintathu ziyimipiramidi, abakhi, ama-matryoshkas, ama-inlays, ama-lacing, ama-cubes-sorters, ama-puzzle ahlukene, amapayipi, ama-cubes, njll. Njengoba ubona, uhla lwamathoyizi olwenziwe ngokhuni lukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke qaphela kakhulu amathoyizi alolu hlobo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ingane yakho.
Amadola kanye nezimoto
Sonke sekujwayele ukujwayela ukuthi amadonki angamantombazane, kanti izimoto ziyi-niche yabafana. Futhi ngale ndlela, besilokhu sikhulisa umama womama entombazaneni kusukela esemncane, futhi kumfana - kungaba umshayeli noma umthengisi ... Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sonke sifuna umfana ukuba abe ngubaba omuhle, kanti le ntombazane kufanele ingakwazi ushayela imoto ...
Njengoba indima yamadonki nemishini ekwakhiweni kwengane, okokuqala, ukwakheka kwamakhono omphakathi emdlalweni, ngisahambisana nokubuka ukuthi amadonsa, njengemishini, ayadingeka kumantombazane nabafana ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka emithathu akusekho ukungafani okucacile emdlalweni wabafana namantombazane. Baqala nje kancane kancane "ukucacisa", kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka emibili. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ukukhethwa kwendlela ekuthuthukisweni komsebenzi wokudlala nokuziphatha kwengane kuzohamba ngayo kuncike ekubhekaneni ngokobulili bakhe kuphela, kodwa futhi nangezimiso namaphethini omkhuba lapho ingane ikhula khona.
Izingoma zomculo
Izingane, njengomthetho, njengezinsimbi zomculo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa mayelana namathoyizi abalulekile ekuphileni komntwana njengethoyi lomculo. Ukukhethwa kwamathoyizi anjalo kukhulu kakhulu: kusuka kuma-pianos ahlukahlukene ahloselwe izingane ezineminyaka engama-1 ubudala, amadubhu, amabheli, i-xylophone kanye ne-guitar.
Amathoyizi ngezindlela zokuthuthukiswa zakuqala
Lena uhlobo olusha lokudlala. Phela, bambalwa abantu ababejwayele ukwazi ukuthi kunezindlela ezithakazelisayo zokuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko yokuqala, njengezindlela zokuthuthukiswa kokuqala kukaGlen Doman, uM. Montessori, uhlelo luka Nikitin, indlela kaZazitsev, njll. Futhi manje asiyazi nje lezi zindlela, kodwa futhi sinethuba lokuqeqesha izingane zethu ngosizo lwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwakha ezenziwe kahle.
Yimaphi amathoyizi aklanyelwe izifundo nengane ngokusho kwezindlela zokuthuthukiswa zakuqala? Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane ngokwemiklamo yeGlen Doman, kunezinhlamvu eziningi ezenziwe ngomumo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene (izisebenzi, imifino, izilwane, njll) ezithengiswayo. Ngenxa yokutholakala kwezinto ezinjalo, akudingeki sichitha isikhathi ekwenzeni ingane yakho izinto zokufundisa. Ukuze uthole amakilasi nengane, indlela ye-Montessori isebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokufaka izingodo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwenqubo kaZazitsev, ama-cubes amaningi e-Zaytsev athengiswa, kanye nezinsiza ezihlukahlukene zokufundisa ekuthuthukiseni ingane ngale ndlela engenhla. Isisekelo sencwadi yokufundisa ngokufunda ngendlela yeZazitsev ayincike ekuzweni umsindo, hhayi nge-alfabhethi nangesi-syllabic, kodwa ngesimiso sokugcinwa kwempahla. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma unquma ukubhekana nengane yakho usebenzisa le ndlela, ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise imali ekufundiseni izinto, kuzomele uzikhethele ukuthi unesineke ngokwanele nokubekezela. Okokuqala, ukuze usebenze nengane ngale ndlela, udinga ukufunda yonke incwadi yokufundisa, futhi uhlale phezu kokukhiqiza ukwaziswa okuqeqeshwayo, ngoba kuphela ama-cubes wokuqeqesha "aphelile" atholakalayo. Okwesibili, ukuze uqeqeshe ukuletha izinzuzo ezibalulekile, udinga ukuxhumana njalo nengane yakho. Kumakilasi ohlelweni lwe-Nikitin, imidlalo ehlukahlukene yebhodi, ama-cubes nama-puzzle adayiswa.
Uma unesithakazelo ekuthuthukiseni amathoyizi ngendlela ethile, funda ngalolu lwazi, lungiselela kahle, bese uthengela "ama-syllables" wengane yakho. Njengomthetho, lezi zathoyizi azibizi, ngakho-ke zidinga ukuthengwa ngokuhlakanipha.
Ingabe izingane zidinga izincwadi?
Kukhona umqondo omuhle njengo "therapy inganekwane". Izinganekwane ziyancipha, zinikeza imizwa emihle futhi zikhuthaza ukulala okuqinile nokuhle. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni umntwana wakho uzokulalela izindabakwane zebusuku, ngcono.
Olunye uhlobo lwezincwadi okufanele luhanjiswe enganeni, kusukela eneminyaka engangonyaka owodwa, yizincwadi zamakhadi. Zenziwe ngezinto eziqinile, ukuheha ingane enezithombe ezimibalabala nezihlekisayo. Futhi izinkondlo ezibhaliwe ezincwadini ozothi uzofunda ingane zizokhunjulwa kahle, futhi ingane izokutshela maduzane.
Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuba ithande izincwadi kusukela ebusheni, futhi bayoba abangane bakhe abathembekile iminyaka eminingi.
Inendima yamathoyizi wezingane ezithambile
Izingane ezincane zithanda amathoyizi athambile. Kuhle ukudlala nabo futhi uwathathe ukuba balale nawe ebusuku. Ngokuvamile enye yamathoyizi ezincane ezithambile iba yintandokazi yengane iminyaka eminingi. Futhi noma ngabe ukubukeka "kwesilwane" akuyona into ekhangayo, akulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa "nomngane" wezingane zakuqala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphatha imizwelo yengane yakho ngokuqonda futhi ungalokothi wenze isinqumo esizimele sokuphonsa amathoyizi alolu hlobo.
Ingabe izingane zidinga amapuzzli?
Futhi kanjani! Futhi ungabheki umbhalo othi: "Kubantwana abaneminyaka emithathu ubudala." Vele udinga ukukhetha amaphuzu afanele yengane yakho, ngokweminyaka yobudala. Ama-puzzle wokuqala angaba yi-frame-liners efanayo ngezinombolo, kanye nama-cubes wezithombe zokulandwa. Ngenxa yesitokisi esinjalo, uthuthukisa amakhono amancane amancane nokucabanga okunengqondo kwengane.
Ngethula indodakazi yami ipuzzles ngonyaka kanye nezinyanga ezintathu, ngenxa yokuthi unyaka nonyaka wayengekho okubi ekuqoqeni lezi puzzle. Ngincoma kakhulu amapuzzles "Sobirajka" ("Fun"). Zenziwe ngezinto eziqinile, kwelinye iplanki kuyadingeka ukuqoqa izithombe ezimbalwa (izinambuzane, izilwane, njll), izithombe ziqukethe amaphuzu amahlanu. Ngenxa yemisebenzi enjalo, ingane ifunda ngendlela edlalwayo mayelana nezwe elihlukahlukene elizungezile, lifunda eqenjini futhi libona izinto nezinto ngezindawo ezithile. Izinhlamvu ezihlongozwayo nemilolozo kubo kuzolungisa ulwazi oluthole ngesikhathi semidlalo.
Ukulondoloza noma udoti olungenamkhawulo?
Ngezinye izikhathi ulahlekelwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zamathoyizi zamanje. Ngezinye izikhathi ufuna ukuthenga cishe yonke into, kodwa ayikho engokoqobo ... Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi isilinganiso, futhi uma uthenga enye ithoyizi, udinga ukuchaza ngokucacile imigomo okufanele ihambe nayo. Kulesi simo, ungakhohlwa ukuthi amathoyizi akufanele abe kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwengane yakho, kodwa futhi "ngenxa yomphefumulo." Futhi lokhu kukhona izimoto, amadokodo futhi, okwamanje, amathoyizi athandwayo azintandokazi.