Ngokwesilinganiso sephesenti, inani lezingane ezinezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ze-psychoneurological liye landa kakhulu. Ochwepheshe baqaphela izinkinga ezimbili eziyinhloko, ngokuphathelene nokwanda kwenani lezingane ezinzima.
Isizathu sokuqala - izimbangela ze-perinatal, zifaka izimo ezimbi zemvelo, imikhuba emibi nezifo ezingapheli zomama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinga eliphansi lokuphila komphakathi nezomnotho, ukukhathazeka okukhulu komama ngesikhathi sokubeletha ingane, ukuhlukunyezwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Isizathu sesibili sikhuliswa, lesi sizathu singahle senziwe ngokwemibandela sibe ngamanye amabili. Ukungaboni kahle ekufundeni emindenini enhle, lapho abazali bezinikela ngokugcwele emisebenzini, futhi ingane iyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwayo. Futhi ukhetho lwesibili, lapho ingane isemndenini ongasebenzi, lapho abazali behola khona indlela ephilayo yokuziphatha futhi abangafundisani ingane yabo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani umuntu omncane eba nzima, kubonakala ngezici ezivamile. Lezi zingane zihluke kontanga zabo ekuziphatheni nasekuthuthukiseni, njengomthetho, zinobudlova, zingasebenzi, zivaliwe futhi zixhala. Bavame ukungqubuzana nabafundisi, abazali, othisha nabangane. Ngenxa yephutha labo, kukhona ukwehluleka emisebenzini yesayensi nemfundo yamaqembu ezingane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikole noma inkulisa. Ngenxa yalokho, isimo sengqondo sothisha, bese kubazali, sehla, umphumela we "snowball" uphenduka, lapho umonakalo ngendandatho ngayinye entsha yemicimbi iba yanda kakhulu.
Indima yabazali emfundweni yezingane ezinzima inkulu, uma kungenjalo ukusho into eyinhloko. Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi kuthatha ukuthatha ukwazi abazali bezingane ezinzima. Ngokuvamile abantwana abanezingane ezinzima "ezinzima", ngendlela enembile yokufunda kanye nosizo lwezinombolo eziningi (ochwepheshe bezinqondo, ingane yengqondo yengqondo, othisha, othisha) baba amalungu omphakathi ajwayelekile futhi aphelele, futhi izici ezithile zenhlangano yesimiso zazo ziqondiswa ngobuchwepheshe futhi ziyasiza namuhla , izwe elikhula ngokushesha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwengane yenkinga "ingane enzima" ubuhlobo obufudumele nokuqonda emndenini, phakathi komntwana nomzali, phakathi kwababili bobazali. Ezimweni lapho kungekho othintana naye, umndeni usendleleni yokuhlukanisa noma isehlukaniso, lokhu akuthinti isimo somntwana. Ingane iyaqhubeka ingalawuleki futhi ayikho eyaneleyo, echaphazela ukuziphatha kwayo kanye nobuhlobo kulabo abaqoqiwe.
Ngakho-ke, yini enye okudingayo ukuba wazi abazali bezingane ezinzima? Ngokuvamile abazali bazama ukucindezela zonke izici zengane yabo emahlombe wezinzwa zezinzwa, kodwa lesi sifo, njengezinye izifo zomuntu, siphathwa emithini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ethatha imithi enqunywe udokotela yingxenye encane yalokho okudingeka ingane ikhule kahle. Manje kunesidingo sokwenza le ndlela eyinkimbinkimbi, okuzofaka phakathi, njengabazali ngokwabo, odokotela kanye nothisha, kuhlangene nolwazi lwabo namakhono kuzosiza umuntu omncane ukuba abe ilungu eligcwele lomphakathi, akwazi ukuthola imfundo yekhwalithi nokudala Ikhwalithi yayo efanayo yeselula yomphakathi njengomndeni.
Okokuqala, abazali kufanele bahlele oxhumana nabo nabantwana babo, bakhulume nabo kakhulu, babuze imibuzo mayelana nokukhathazeka kwabo nezithakazelo zabo, babonise imibono yabo kulokhu, banikeze izibonelo kusukela ebuntwaneni babo, bazise ukuthi yini enakho i-collide, iyenzeka ngawo wonke umuntu futhi abaningi banqobe lezi zinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazali kudingeka bahambisane nombono kanye nenqubomgomo eyodwa ekukhulisweni kwengane, i-toga izosindisa wonke umndeni ekuphikisweni okungadingekile okuholela ekuhlukumezeni ebuhlotsheni. Ngokuvamile izingane azi ukuthi zingakhipha kanjani imizwelo emibi ebafiphele kakhulu, ngakho-ke angeke abasize othisha kuphela, kodwa futhi nabazali, besebenzisa amasu okukhuluma ngokusebenzisa ubuciko (ukudweba, ukufanekisa, njll). Ngokombono wezengqondo, kubalulekile ukuthi kunciphise isikhathi sokuba ingane ihambe ngemuva kweTV kanye nekhompyutheni, akuyona imfihlo ukuthi laba "abangani" ababili bawunqobe kakhulu ingqondo yezingane ezingenakulinganiswa. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni somuntu omdala ukwenza ibhizinisi lakhe siqu, nengane ukuba ithumele ikhompiyutha, ngaleyo ndlela ilahle ukubonakala kwayo, kungcono ukuthola imbangela evamile, ngalezi zinhloso, izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ezikhohliwe (lokhu kungaba ukuhamba ngokuhlanganyela ezitolo, amabhayisikobho, epaki, ukuhlanza indlu). Uma kunokwenzeka, abazali kufanele bahlanganyele ngokugcwele emphakathini ohlangene noma ekilasini yengane yabo, khona-ke bazokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi yini ingane yabo inentshisekelo kulowo ohlala kuyo, ubone izinkinga zokuxhumana kwakhe nothisha nabalingane nabo bese uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuqeda. Abazali kufanele bahambisane nezenzo zabo nezenzo zabo, njengoba beyisibonelo sokulingisa.
Umuntu omdala ofuna ukusiza ngobuqotho ingane "enzima" kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi alungele ukumsiza futhi amlalele, ahloniphe futhi amethembe, anike konke uthando lwakhe lomzwelo. Kodwa futhi kumele afune futhi angazikhandla ekwenzeni umyalelo nemithetho.