Abanye ososayensi bakhombisa ukuthi ama-moles avela emzimbeni womuntu ngesizathu futhi angatshela okuningi nge "master" yabo. Ngakho-ke, ukungcola ngemuva kugcizelela ukupha, ukuvuleka, kanye nezindebe - banikeza ubuntu obulula, uqondise futhi ukhulume ngonya. Ama-moles emakhaleni anenhlanhla, entanyeni - abanikazi bezinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokubeletha emzimbeni womuntu futhi zivelaphi?
Ngaphandle kwengozi ekuphileni
Ungakhathazeki ngawo wonke ama-moles akho emzimbeni. I-nevi yakho iphephile ngokuphelele, uma imingcele yabo ibushelelezi futhi ibushelelezi, inemibala enombala futhi ayishintshi umbala. Khulisa kancane kakhulu i-nevi (noma ungakhuli nhlobo). Kodwa noma ngabe i-birthmark ikhulile ngaphezu kweminyaka noma ifinyeleleke kakhulu, ungakhathazeki - lena inqubo evamile engasongeli. Isizathu sokukhathazeka kufanele sibe ukwanda okusheshayo kwi-nevus, ukuguqulwa kwemvelo noma ukuqina okubonakalayo, ukwakheka kwemifantu, ukukhishwa kwamanzi, ukuphuma kwamanzi. Isibonakaliso esicacile sokuwohloka kwesibalo sokuzalwa singacatshangwa ukuthi kuvela izindawo zombala eduze kwemingcele yawo, ukuhlunga nokuhlungu.
Ubani omesaba i-melanoma?
Ngenkathi yokuphila, amanye ama-moles angakwazi ukuguqulwa abe yi-melanoma (i-tumor ebulalayo). Kodwa asikho isizathu sokwesaba: lokhu kwenzeka kaningi. Ochwepheshe baqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokwehliswa ikhuthazwa yi-trauma yama-moles, i-ultraviolet irradiation, ukushintshashintsha kwama-hormone emzimbeni (kubonakala ukuthi kwezinye izimo, ushintsho esimweni se-hormonal luholela ekunciphiseni ekuthuthukiseni noma ngisho nokuguqulwa kwesisu). Kuphela ama-40-50% ama-melanomas ahlambalaza aqala kusuka kuma-nevus pigment cells. I-molecule, esendaweni ehlukumezayo (izintende zezandla, entanyeni (ngaphansi kwekholomu), izinyawo ezinyaweni, esifubeni, isikhumba) kuyadingeka ukususa. Uma i-nevus ngesizathu esisodwa noma enye imonakalisiwe (iqala ukuphuza, ibuhlungu), masinyane uye ekwamukeleni kuchwepheshe. Njengoba usuvele uthola izibonakaliso ezibonakalayo zokuzalwa kwe-birthmark, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana ne-oncologist. Labo abenqaba ukuzikhethela okuphelele kwe-nevi, kanye nobunzima bokususwa ngenxa yendawo (isibonelo, esiqongweni sekhasi), kubalulekile ukuxwayisa mayelana nezingozi zokuzitholela nokwelapha. Siyincoma ngokuyisisekelo ukugqama okuphelele kwe-nevi, etholakala ezindaweni ezilimale zesikhumba.
Sika konke okungadingekile
Odokotela baqinisekisa ukuthi ukususwa kobuchwepheshe be-nevus eyingozi kuzoqinisekisa ukululama futhi kuvikeleke engozini ye-melanoma. Izindlela zokuqeda ama-moles zihlukahlukene: kusuka ku-laser kanye ne-electrocoagulation kumsakazo-ukubonisana njalo kuxoxa ngezindlela ezingcono kakhulu. Uhlangothi lobuhle bombuzo luhlale lucatshangelwa. Ngakho-ke, yonke imisebenzi yokucabangela ebusweni nasentanyeni iphele nge-suture ngetambo elincanyana, futhi into kuphela, mhlawumbe, iyobonakala ngabanye ukushabalalisa uphawu olungokwemvelo olungadingekile. Umbuzo onengqondo uvela: akufanele yini sisuse zonke izikhumbuzo zokubeletha kulokhu ku-prophylaxis? Akungabazeki ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka: emzimbeni ngamunye awukho nevi eliyishumi nambili. Futhi akukhona nje ukuphikisa okuphikisayo. Ngemuva kokususa zonke izikhumbuzo zokuzalwa, sikhiphe ingozi yokuguqulwa kwezikhona ezikhona, kepha asivimbeli ukubonakala kwamasha, kufaka phakathi i-melanoma, esikhumbeni esingashintshi. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuba ususe ama-moles kuphela anesisindo sokuzalwa kabusha, futhi bonke abanye babonisa njalo udokotela ukuze babone ngokuqaphele.
Umbuthano welanga
Ingabe i-ultraviolet ithonya ukuvela kwe-melanoma? Kule ndaba, odokotela abanalo umbono ovamile. Iqiniso lokuthi amafomu amabi akhula kaningi ezindaweni ezivulekile zomzimba, evezwe ekugqibeleni ngokweqile emisebeni yelanga. Ukuba khona kwenqwaba ye-moles isebenza njengomaki wesazi mayelana nalokho okushiwo ukubonakala kwe-melanoma. Kumele kucatshangelwe ukuthi i-melanoma ayiyona imphumela yokushisa komama. Kungenzeka ngesikhumba esisodwa esingashintshi ngaphambili. Kunconywa ukuvikela isikhumba emiphumeleni emibi yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Khetha ukunconywa kwesikrini, kuye ngohlobo lwesikhumba. Kodwa labo abanama-moles amaningi nesikhumba esikhanyayo, abajwayele ukushisa ilanga, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa isisindo esikhulu sokuvikela kusuka kokubili i-UVB ne-UV-ray. Ukuvezwa okulinganiselwe ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet (ngaphandle kokushisa ilanga nokushisa kwelanga) kuholela engozini enciphise ye-melanoma. EYurophu, ukulimala nokufa okubangelwa yi-melanoma kuphakeme nakakhulu emazweni asenyakatho, lapho ilanga elisebenzayo alilona isivakashi esingapheli. I-Melanoma itholakala ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesimo esiphakeme sezenhlalakahle (naphezu kokuthi ukuphila kwabo kukhulu ehhovisi). Isimo se-melanoma sanda kakhulu eqenjini labantu abaneminyaka engu-30-39 ubudala. Uma lesi sifo sibhekene nelanga, kuzomele kube nokwanda okuqhubekayo emzimbeni we-melanoma ekugugeni.