Emathonjeni, iningi lamanzi kanye nezinto ezidinga umzimba ukuthi zibuyiswe kabusha. I-allergic nephritis yezinso isifo esijwayelekile kulezi zinsuku. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, u-180 amalitha omchamo oyinhloko akhiwa ngosuku ngenxa yokuhlunga, kodwa kukhishwa ama-1.5 amalitha kuphela. I-Nephritis ivela ezifweni ezilandelayo:
- I-Glomerulonephritis. Kubonakala ngokuvuvukala kwe-glomeruli, ngenxa yalokho ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kufinyelela. Kukhona ukubambezeleka ku-slag emzimbeni, futhi amaprotheni namaseli abomvu awela emcinini. Ezimweni ezinzima, kunciphisa inani lomchamo okhishiwe, ongathola umbala omnyama noma obomvu. Kukhona ukuvuvukala kwemiphetho engezansi, emuva ephansi, amehlo, ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuphakama. Ifomu elibi le-glomerulonephritis lingaphathelene nokuqeda, ukuhlanzeka nokuhlanza, ngenxa yokugcinwa kwe-slag nitrogenous (uremia) egazini.
- I-Nephrotic syndrome. I-urine iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni, ngenxa yalokho ukuvuvukala okukhulu (ukuhlaselwa) kukhula. I-Pyelonephritis: Izinso noma zombili izinso zithinteka ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, ubuhlungu obuphansi obuhamba emuva buhambisana nomkhuhlane kanye nokuthuthumela emzimbeni. Emcinini, ukungcola kwegazi kungabonakala.Kukhona izifo ezingelapheki, izinso ziyancipha ngosayizi ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwesimo sezintambo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okungenzeka kokuhluleka kwenkunzi.
- Ukuhluleka kwe-Renal. Ukuhluleka okunamandla ekuqaleni kwesigaba ngokuvamile kubonakala kungabonakali. Esikhathini esilandelayo, i-malaise, ukuphelelwa yidla, ukuvuthwa njalo, i-pruritus, i-nausea, ukuhlanza, ukukhwehlela kweminwe, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, ukuvimbela nokubonakala kwe-coma. Ezimweni ezimbi, izinso zingase ziyeke ukukhiqiza umchamo.
- I-glomerulonephritis enamandla inezimbangela eziningi ezingenzeka. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuhlotshaniswa nesenzo esingajwayelekile se-autoimmune reaction, esihambisana nomonakalo ku-glomeruli. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-nephritis, i-antigen elimazayo ayiziwa. Ama-antigens aziwayo afaka amabhaktheriya, ama-parasites namagciwane.
- Amabhaktheriya. Isizathu esivamile se-glomerulonephritis, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ukutheleleka nge-Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Le microorganism i-agent causative ye-tonsillitis, izifo eziphakathi kwezindlebe noma i-phlegmon (ukutheleleka kwesikhumba). Ngemva kwesinye sezifo, i-glomerulonephritis ingase ikhule. Amabhaktheriya afana ne-salmonella, i-staphylococcus noma i-gonococcus ingabangela nokulimala kwezinso.
- Ama-parasites. I-Jade ingabangela ama-parasite anjalo njenge-plasmid plasmodia (i-Plasmodium malaria), i-blood trematodes (ama-flukes) - ama-schistosomes nama-filarias.
- Ama-virus. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, kuhlanganise namagundane, isishukela, inkukhu yenkukhu, i-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo, i-Coxsackie virus, i-hepatitis A ne-B, i-HIV, ingaba imbangela ye-nephritis.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubunzima bokukhipha umchamo ngenxa ye-prostate enwetshiwe, isisu noma i-valve yokugaya (ezinganeni) kuyimbangela ebangela ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, okuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-pyelonephritis ejulile. Izifo ezihambisana ne-immune response (izifo ezizimele), kufaka phakathi i-systemic lupus erythematosus ne-periarteritis ye-nodular, ingaba yimbangela ye-nephritis. Nge-systemic lupus erythematosus, i-glomeruli yezinso iwonakele, kokubili kubantu abadala nakwabantwana. I-periarteritis engavamile (isifo esidongeni se-arterial) ngokuvamile ibathinta amadoda asekhulile namadoda asekhulile. I-biopsy yezinso ingabonakalisa umonakalo ezindongeni zezingubo zokuguqula ubukhulu obuphakathi. Njengazinye izifo zezinso, ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile. Ukutadisha umsebenzi wezinso kuhlanganisa:
- ukuhlaziywa komchamo - ukuzimisela kwamaprotheni, i-erythrocyte nokuqukethwe kwe-cylinder (izixuku ezincane zamaseli afile namanoni);
- ukulinganiswa komthamo womchamo ogqamile;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi - ukuzimisela amaprotheni namazinga e-slag nitrogenous, njenge-urea ne-creatinine;
- Ama-smears avela ku-pharynx, indlebe nesikhumba ukuthola ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya;
- I-X-ray ye-Chest - ivumela ukucacisa ukuba khona kwamanzi emaphashini nokwandisa kwenhliziyo ngenxa yoketshezi okweqile;
- Ukubukeka kwezinso usebenzisa i-X-rays kanye ne-CT scan - kuyenziwa kwabesifazane abahlushwa izifo eziphindaphindiwe zokungena emanzini; Amadoda nezingane anqunywe ngemuva kwesinye sezifo zalesi sifo nalokhu okutheleleka;
- i-kidney biopsy - besebenzisa inaliti ye-puncture ukuthatha isampula encane yezicubu zezinso. Izinto ezifundwayo zifundwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ye-electron;
- I-Cystography ngenkathi yokuvuthwa - inqubo yokubukwa, evumela ukucacisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha isisu.
Kudingekile ukuba uhlole ngokucophelela isiguli esibhekene nephritis esicacile, okuyilapho umthamo wokudakwa nokukhipha amanzi ozogcinwa nsuku zonke. Ukucindezelwa kwegazi kufanele kulinganiswe njalo. Endabeni yokucindezela okukhulu, ukuphathwa kwemithi efanele kuyadingeka. Ukwelapha izifo, ama-antibiotics asetshenziswa. Indima ebalulekile idlalwe ukudla nge-salin ephansi. Eziguli ezigula kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni ekudleni. Kwezinye izimo, ukuqokwa kwe-corticosteroids ne-cyclophosphamide (izidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic). Iziguli ezinokuhluleka kwezinso, ezihlobene ne-glomerulonephritis, zingahle zibekwe i-hemodialysis. Iziguli ezine-nephrotic syndrome zinconywa ukuthi ukudla okuncane kunokasawoti. Ezinye zazo zichazwe ukwelashwa kwe-corticosteroid emithini emikhulu, okusiza ukuvimbela ukungena kwamaprotheni emgqeni. I-Diuretics isetshenziselwa ukwandisa umthamo wokukhipha umchamo. Zinikezelwe i-edema enkulu. Iziguli eziphethwe i-pyelonephritis elula zidinga ama-antibiotic. Ukwelapha okwesikhashana okutheleleka kwe-urinary kubantwana kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka komfutho wegazi kanye nokuhluleka kwezinso esikhathini esizayo. Ukuhlinzwa okuhlose ukubuyisela ukudlula komchamo kungavimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pyelonephritis engapheli.
- Glomerulonephritis ngezizathu ezingaziwa. Ukuchazwa kwalesi sifo akunakulungile, ngakho-ke ukulandelelwa okucophelelayo kuyadingeka. Ezinye iziguli zenza ukuhluleka kwezinso ngaphakathi kwamasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga ezimbalwa.
- I-Nephrotic syndrome. Izingane zilulame kahle nge-corticosteroid therapy. Imiphumela yokwelapha kubantu abadala ibuhlungu kakhulu.
- I-pyelonephritis elula. Ngokuvamile iziguli ziphendula ngokutheleleka ekwelapheni kwama-antibiotic. Kungase kudingekile ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhlinzwa ukuze ubuyisele indawo evamile yomchamo noma ukulungisa i-reflex vesicoureteral.
- I-pyelonephritis engapheli. Ukwelashwa kwesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu nokuhluleka kwenqunu kuyaqhubeka. Isizathu sokuhluleka komsoco okunamandla ku-10-15% wamacala yi-glomerulonephritis. Unyaka ngamunye izinkulungwane zabantu emhlabeni jikelele zithola ukwelashwa kwe-hemodialysis noma zihlushwa izinso ngenxa yokuhluleka kwezinso. Iningi lazo iziguli ezine-glomerulonephritis. Isifo sesifo sezinso esivamile kakhulu njengamanje i-pyelonephritis.
- I-Alport syndrome yi-pathology eyinzalo ethinta cishe umuntu oyedwa ku-5000. Amanye amaqiniso mayelana nalesi sifo: lesi sifo sithinta amadoda ngaphezu kwabesifazane; elibhekiswe ekuthuthukiseni ukuhluleka kokuqeda izinso nokuthungatha; ikakhulukazi i-glomeruli yezinso; ngokuvamile isibonakaliso sokuqala saleso sifo kuba khona kwegazi emcimbini.