I-placenta yabantu - isakhiwo, intuthuko, umsebenzi

Zonke izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, lapho ingane ingaphakathi komama, ikhula futhi ivela ngenxa yesitho esibaluleke kakhulu - i-placenta. I-placenta, noma indawo yengane, ivela emzimbeni wesifazane kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi iphela (izalwa ngaphandle) ngemuva kokuzalwa komntwana. Mayelana nokuthi yi-placenta yomuntu - isakhiwo, ukuthuthukiswa, imisebenzi yayo - lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

I-placenta yakha kanje: iqanda elikhulelwe, elingena emgodini we-uterine, linamathele odongeni lwalo, lushintsha embranini enamathele, njengokuthi "ibhola elishisayo libe ngamafutha." Kuzo zonke izinhlangothi leli qanda lizungezwe i-membrane yamangcwaba yesibeletho futhi idla ngokukhukhumeza izakhi ngokusebenzisa i-membrane yeqanda le-fetal. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-9 kugobolondo langaphandle leqanda lesisu, kukhona i-villi, engena emlonyeni wesibindi sesisu, futhi kakade ihamba nayo izakhi zithola isithelo.

Ngokulandelayo, leyo ngxenye ye-villi, ebhekene nodonga lwesibeletho, idala i-placenta iphinde ingene emgodleni we-muscular of the uterus. Kodwa phakathi kwe-villi nodonga lwesibeletho, kukhona isikhala lapho igazi lijikeleza khona - lapha kukhona ukushintshaniswa kwe-oksijeni, i-carbon dioxide, izakhi ezivela kumama kuya emntwaneni nasemuva.

Njengoba ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka, i-placenta nayo ikhula. Manje sekuyinkimbinkimbi, idense, ithatha ifomu yediski. Enye yezinhlangothi zayo iphendukele kumntwana, intambo yomzimba iphuma phakathi nendawo, lapho izitsha zegazi zitholakala khona. Kulezi zitsha, izakhi, i-oksijeni ingena ebantwaneni, futhi imikhiqizo yomsebenzi wayo obalulekile ingena egazini likaMama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-placenta, umama, unamathela odongeni lwesibeletho.

Njengoba ubona, i-placenta ithatha indawo yengane enezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezibalulekile: amaphaphu, isisu, izinso, njll. Ingane ingahlakulela ngokujwayelekile kuphela uma i-placenta isebenza kahle. Odokotela bomzimba womama wesikhathi esizayo babumbana ne-placenta nomntwana ohlelweni olulodwa lwe "mother-placenta-fetus". Isilinganiso salesi simiso sikhulu kakhulu, ububanzi bayo buba ngu-9 m 2 , futhi inethiwekhi yemithwalo yegazi ingama-40-50 km ubude! Ubukhulu be-placenta buyi-3-4 cm, ekupheleni kokukhulelwa isisindo sayo ngu-500-600 g.

I-placenta yomuntu isebenza njengesibambiso, ayivumeli izinto ezilimazayo nezidakamizwa ezithathelwanayo zidlulisele kumntwana, kodwa, ngeshwa, izingxenye zamakhemikhali eminye imithi umama kanye nama-agent angasetshenziswayo angayithatha ngayo. I-placenta iphinda ikhiqize amahomoni amaningi nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo ezisekela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhulelwa nokukhula kwengane.

I-placenta inomthelela omuhle emzimbeni womama wesikhathi esizayo, eqokomisa inqwaba yamahomoni ayisiza ukuba ivumelane nokukhulelwa, iqhaza endleleni yokwenza umsebenzi. Yingakho, lapho ebukela umama wesikhathi esizayo, odokotela baqaphela ngokukhethekile ukubonakala nokuhlelwa kwe-placenta ngesikhathi sonke sokukhulelwa. Ekuhlolweni kwe-ultrasound, ukunakwa okuphansi kubhalwa, okokuqala, endaweni yokunamathiselwe kwayo. Ngokuvamile itholakala ngaphansi kwesibeletho noma kwenye yezindonga zayo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-placenta ingafakwa eduze kakhulu nomlomo wesibeletho. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzowela phansi, endaweni ye-pharynx yangaphakathi yomlomo wesibeletho, ukumboza ngokuphelele (central placenta previa) noma ingxenye (placenta previa).

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-placenta previa, ukubeletha kwemvelo akunakwenzeka - isigaba se-caesarean kuphela. Lokhu akufanele ukwesabeke. Esikhathini sethu, ukusebenza kwenziwa ngekhwalithi, ngaphandle kwemiphumela yomama nengane. Ngendlela, ukusebenza kungase kungadingeki. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngokukhuphuka kokukhulelwa, i-placenta, ngokuphambene nalokho, ingakhuphuka iphinde ibe nesimo esivamile. Ukusabalalisa kwe-Placenta kusongela ukuphuma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukukhipha isisu, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ku-ultrasonography, ukunakekelwa kwe-plaque kunakhokhelwa nokuqina kwayo. Ukwedlula usayizi ovumelekile kungasho ukuvuvukala kwe-placenta, okwenzeka nge-Rh-impikiswano, isifo sikashukela, ukutholakala kokutheleleka, ukukhubazeka kwengane, igestosis enkulu. Ukunciphisa usayizi kubonisa ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-placental. Kunoma yikuphi, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-placenta ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwe-fetus. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa ukuthuthukiswa, ukuvuthwa kwe-placenta ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokukhulelwa. Uma i-placenta iqala ukuvuthwa kakhulu kusenesikhathi, ibonisa kakade isongo sokukhipha isisu.

Lapho nje umntwana ezalwa, futhi udokotela esula intambo yomzimba, umsebenzi we-placenta uphela, futhi kungakapheli imizuzu engu-30 yesithathu, isigaba sokugcina sokubeletha kwenzeka - ukuzalwa kwe-placenta kanye nezibilini (emva kokuzalwa). Emva kwalokho, i-placenta ihlolwe ngokucophelela - ingabe kukhona amaphutha, ama-lobules engeziwe, ama-calcareous deposits (calcification), okubonisa ukuthi umntwana esibelethweni ubhekene nokudla okwanele. Leli qiniso kumele libikwe kudokotela wezingane. Phela, ingane, ulwazi olunjalo yiluphawu lokuqala lwezempilo noma uphawu lokuqala lwezifo ezingenzeka. Uma kunesici kule-placenta, ukuvimbela uketshezi lwe-uterine, i-anesthesia isusa izinsalela ze-placenta kusukela esibelethweni.

Ngakho-ke, i-placenta yomuntu, mayelana nesakhiwo, ukuthuthukiswa, imisebenzi, oyazi manje kuyisitho sesikhashana kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu esondla futhi sivikela ingane esibelethweni sikamama. Ngemuva kokubeletha, i-placenta kufanele ibhujiswe noma isetshenziselwe izinhloso zokwelashwa noma zesayensi.