Izici zomtholampilo
Izimpawu zithembele kuhlobo lwe-arrhythmia bese zifaka:
- ukwanda kwentando yenhliziyo;
- ukwanda kwentando yenhliziyo;
- ubuhlungu noma ubuhlungu besifuba;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukuzondwa nokuphelelwa amandla.
Abaningi bethu bazi umuzwa wokuthi "ukuqubuka" kwenhliziyo (ama-extrasystoles). Lesi simo ngokuvamile sihlanzekile futhi sidinga ukuhlolwa kuphela ngokuhlaselwa okuvamile. Ukuphulwa kwesigqi senhliziyo kwenzeka uma ukulandelana okujwayelekile kwezingqinamba zomzimba we-muscle kuphulwa. Kunezinqubo eziningana zokuhlela. I-pacemaker ye-own (i-ninoticrial node) ayikwazi ukuqala uhlelo lwegesi. Emisipha ye-cardiac, i-pathological foci yomsebenzi kagesi ingase ivele, kubangele ukuphazamiseka okwengeziwe. Ukuphulwa okungenzeka kwe-pulse kagesi.
Izizathu zezokwelapha
Ezinye izimo zingasusa ama-arrhythmias. Phakathi kwabo:
- umfutho wegazi ophezulu;
- ischemic isifo senhliziyo;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngokukhululekile;
- i-cardiomyopathy (isifo senhliziyo senhliziyo);
- ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala;
- embolism yamapulmoni;
- hyperthyroidism.
Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zeziguli ezihlushwa uhlobo oluvamile lwe-arrhythmia - i-fibrillation ye-atrial, ayikwazi ukukhomba noma yikuphi imbangela. I-Arrhythmias ingathinta kokubili amakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo (i-atria) namagumbi angaphansi (ama-ventricles). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-arrhythmias: i-tachycardia, lapho isilinganiso senhliziyo sikhulu kakhulu, ne-bradycardia, lapho iphansi khona. Izinhlobo ezithile zama-arrhythmias zihlanganisa lezi zilandelayo ezilandelayo. I-fibrillation ye-atrial iyinto engavamile kakhulu yomculo wenhliziyo, lapho izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elisheshayo lihambisana nesigqi esingavamile. Lesi simo singaba unomphela noma i-paroxysmal futhi sivame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile. I-Nadzheludochkovaya tachycardia - isilinganiso senhliziyo esisheshayo kodwa esivamile, sinokujwayelekile kubantu abasha. I-fibrillation ene-ventricular - kulesi sakhiwo se-arrhythmia, i-stimulus ye-pathological ivela kuma-ventricles, angabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo esibi se-arrhythmia esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Ukuqeda ukuvinjwa kwenhliziyo - izimpembe zikagesi ezivela e-atria azifinyeleli kuma-ventricles. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwehla kakhulu. I-Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome yisifo esingavamile sokuzalwa esisodwa esibangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo yakho ukuvumelanisa. Ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokubala ukushaywa komshini emgodini we-radial endaweni yesigqoko bese ulalela inhliziyo. Eziguli eziningi, ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa yi-electrocardiography (ECG). Njengoba izinhlobo ezithile ze-arrhythmias zidlulayo, ukuqoshwa kwe-ECG nsuku zonke kungasetshenziswa usebenzisa idivayisi ephathekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angacacisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze abone ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-anemia kungenzeka, kanye ne-x-ray yesifuba.
Isibikezelo
Ukusikeka okungavamile kuholela ekunciphiseni ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvinjelwa kwegazi emzimbeni we-muschem (ischemia), ukwephulwa komsebenzi wokusebenzisana kwenhliziyo nokuncipha kwengcindezi yegazi. Ukufa kwe-fibrillation ye-atrial izikhathi ezimbili eziphakeme kunabantu.
Ingozi yokushaywa yisifo
Ukuphulwa komsebenzi osebenza ngokuvumelana nenhliziyo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ingxenye yegazi ihlala e-atria, ezokwenza izimo zokwakhiwa kwe-thrombi. Lawa ma-thrombi angakwazi ukuhamba ngokusebenzisa izitsha ezithombeni ezikude, isibonelo ebuchosheni, ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Ingozi ejwayelekile yokushaywa yisisu i-5% ngayinye yegciwane futhi isakazeka ngeminyaka yobudala, kanye nangaphambi kokucindezeleka komfutho wegazi, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo. Iziguli ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-60 ezingenayo ingozi engenhla zinengozi ephansi yokushaywa yisifo.
Ukuhlukunyezwa
Iningi le-arrhythmias yenhliziyo ayitholakali kubantu abasha, kodwa imvamisa yabo ikhuphuka ngobudala. I-fibrillation ye-atrial yiyona kuphela okuhlukile; kuthinta u-1% wabantu abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengu-65 nabangu-5% wabantu abangaphezu kuka-65. Iziguli ezingaba ngu-50% ezine-fibrillation ye-atrial zineminyaka engu-75 noma ngaphezulu. Ukwelashwa kwama-arrhythmias kuyahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo lwabo. Phakathi kwezinqubo zokwelashwa: ukwelapha izidakamizwa kuyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yokwelashwa kwe-tachycardia. Isibonelo, izidakamizwa zokuzikhethela i-atrial fibrillation yi-toxin enganciphisa izinga lenhliziyo. Ezinye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa zihlanganisa i-verapamil kanye ne-beta-blockers; i-cardioversion - ukusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezingcingo zikagesi endaweni yesifuba ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia. Le nqubo ingabuyisela isigqi senhliziyo evamile ezigulini ezinezinhlobo ezinzima ze-tachycardia engaphezulu; ukukhishwa kwe-radiofrequency kwe-AV node ngokubhujiswa kwendlela yokugula yokuqhuba umfutho; Ukubeka i-pacemaker - ngentengo yenhliziyo engaphansi kwama-beats angu-60 ngomzuzu kanye neziqephu eziphindaphindiwe zokuboshwa komzimba, kufanele kube khona i-pacemaker yokufakelwa.
Ukuvimbela
Ngokwezinga elithile, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo yomzimba kungavinjelwa ngosizo lwezinyathelo eziqinisa impilo ye-heart, okungukuthi ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, ukuyeka nokudla okunempilo. Noma imuphi umuthi, ukwelashwa kwe-cardiac arrhythmia kunikeza izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuqeda inkinga ngalomzimba.