ENingizimu neMelika Ephakathi, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-170 ze-genus Ehmeya, engomndeni we-bromeliads. Igama le-ehmey livela egameni lesiGreki elithi aechme, elisho ngokuhunyushwa lisho ukuthi "iphuzu lesiphakamiso", okungenzeka ukuthi kubonisa ukukhishwa okubukhali. I-Ekhmeya ikhula ezindaweni lapho kunezinguquko ezibukhali ekushiseni kanye nenkathi eyomile.
Ehmeya yizitshalo zasemhlabeni kanye ne-epiphytes, elula kalula amahlumela ezitshalisiwe. Amahlamvu alolu hlobo anemiphongolo emaphethelweni - le nhlobo ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo ze-bromeliads.
Amaqabunga e-ehmey ahlukahlukene noma ahlukaniswe, alula-isikhumba noma aqinile, ahlangene emaphethelweni, ezisekelweni ezibekiwe-izinsizakalo. Kusuka ku-rosette, i-spike eqinile imbali iyakhishwa, enekhanda eliphumelelayo le-inflorescence ekupheleni kwayo. Lesi sitshalo sinesiqu esifushane. Lesi sitshalo sinezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-inflorescences, kanye nezimbali ngabanye. Zonke izinhlobo ze-ehmey zinento ehlobisa - i-spiky spiky bracts namaqabunga. Isithelo se-ehmeya yi-berry. I-rose rosette kanye kuphela, ngakho-ke emva kokuba izimbali ziqala ukufa.
Abanye abameleli balezi zinhlobo zezitshalo bahlobisa izitshalo ezinhle ezithandwa kakhulu emasikweni. Ukuthandwa kudlalwe yiqiniso lokuthi kulula ukunakekela ama-ehmeys, okungeke kuthiwa nge-bromeliads eminingi.
Izici zokunakekelwa.
Ukukhanyisa. I-Ehmeyam idinga ukukhanya okukhulu, idlulise kalula imisebe eqondile yelanga, kodwa futhi ku-penumbra, futhi, ingakhula ngokuphepha. Indawo engcono kakhulu yokukhula amafasitela abheke eningizimu-mpumalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga. Emafasiteleni abheke eningizimu, ehlobo kuyadingeka ukuba wenze umbala olula kusuka emisebeni yelanga. Ehlobo, izitshalo zendlu ye-ehmeya zingcono ukungena endlini, kodwa ukufeza emkhathini, kuyilapho isitshalo kufanele sisetshenziswe kancane kancane ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Futhi, ukulutha kancane kancane kuyodingeka uma isitshalo sesanda kuthengwa, isikhathi eside sise-penumbra noma kwakuyizinsuku ezimbalwa zesimo sezulu esibhakabhaka.
I-ehmya ekhanyayo yizinhlobo ezidinga ukuthunjwa kusukela elangeni.
Ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga ezinamaqabunga esikhumba, ikakhulukazi ehmeya egobile, enomswakama ophezulu womoya nomthunzi, umbala wamaqabunga uqala ukushintsha. Ziba luhlaza futhi zihlobisa kancane. I-ehmeya yezitshalo ithanda ukuba nomswakama omncane nokuncane.
Umbuso wokushisa. Ehlobo, ukushisa okunconywayo kokuqukethwe kungama-20-27 degrees. Ebusika kunconywa ukuba uhlale ku-14-18 degrees. Amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika ashukumisa ukwakheka kwe-peduncles. Lesi sitshalo sinesikhathi sokuphumula - mhlawumbe siphila isikhathi esifushane noma asikho.
I-ehmya enhle, ngokungafani nabanye abameleli benhlobo efanayo, kufanele igcinwe ekamelweni elinamazinga aphezulu okushisa. Umehluko emini kanye nasebusuku lokushisa kwe-air ehmeya ukudluliswa. Igumbi lapho i-eshma ikhula khona kumele ihlale yomoya. I-ehmya ekhanyayo yokuqhuma umoya ihlala ihlala njalo.
Ukunisela. Ukunisela ngesikhathi sehlobo kuyadingeka njalo, amanzi afudumele, mhlawumbe athambile. Okokuqala, amanzi athululelwa kuma-rosettes amaqabunga, khona-ke i-substrate ngokwayo iyanisela. Ukomiswa okungahleliwe kwe-substrate akubangeli umonakalo onokuhlonipha isitshalo, ukuma okwesikhathi eside isikhathi eside komhlaba.
Ekwindla, lesi sitshalo kumele siphuze kancane, futhi ebusika, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi kunciphise okungenani, ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukuhlanza isitshalo ngamanzi afudumele, kodwa umnsalo kufanele ube owomile ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuphumula okuvela emgodini kufanele kuthululwe amanzi. Futhi, amanzi ahlangana emva kokuqhakaza, akufanele kube khona amanzi emgodini, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizoqala ukubola!
Ukungcola komoya. Ehmeys uzizwa kahle kumswakama ophezulu, kodwa angakwazi ukuthwala umoya omile ekamelweni. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama womoya, ungasifaka isitshalo ngamanzi amile, noma ungabeka i-echmea emgodini onogwaja onomanzi. Amanzi epanini angafinyelela phansi ebhodweni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Yondla isitshalo njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili eneziqu eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ebusika, ukufaka umanyolo kwenzeka njalo emavikini ayisithupha.
Izimbali. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izithelo ze-citrus nama-apula avuthiwe akhipha i-ethylene gas, ekhuthaza amabromeliads ukuba akhe izimbali. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukubeka esikhwameni se-plastic ehmeyu esicacile kanye namaapula ambalwa avuthiwe, bese ubopha phezulu (kuphela hhayi ngokuqinile) ngakho-ke ubambe isitshalo amaviki amabili. Ngemuva kokuthi "inqubo" enjalo, i-ejmeya izokhula emva kwezinyanga ezingu-4.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo. Ungakwazi ukufaka i-ehmeyu njalo ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, susa amasokhethi ahlukanisiwe. I-substrate efanelekayo yokufakelwa kwesitshalo: umhlaba we-fibro-peat kanye ne-deciduous (uthathwe ezingxenyeni ezimbili), isanti (ingxenye eyodwa ethathwe). Ehmeya kahle humus emhlabeni (umquba), exutshwe nomhlaba oqhekekile kanye moss oqoshiwe (esithathwe ngesamba esifanayo), ngokungezwa shards ephukile nesihlabathi kufanelekile.
Ukukhiqiza. Inyoka iyisitshalo esikhiqiza inzalo nembewu. Indlela eyamukelekayo eyengeziwe yokukhiqiza i-reproduction yinzalo.
Ama-scions wesitshalo somama ahlukaniswa ngo-Mashi, ngoba phakathi nalesi sikhathi inzalo iyakha kalula izimpande futhi ihlumela kahle. Izindawo zetincetu, njengombuso, zifafazwa ngamafutha omlilo, lokhu kuzokuvimbela ukubola kwesitshalo. I-substrate efanelekayo yokukhiqizwa yizinzalo: umhlaba owenziwe nge-fibrous-peat kanye ne-deciduous (izingxenye ezimbili ngayinye), isanti (ingxenye engu-1). Ungasebenzisa futhi ukwakheka kwenani elilodwa le-humus, i-sphagnum eqoshiwe, umhlaba ohlaza. Kulesi sakhiwo, udinga ukwengeza u-shards owephukile nesihlabathi.
Imbewu idinga ukuhlwanyelwa enhlabathini ye-peaty evulekile, noma ku-sphagnum. Izithombo zidinga ukushisa okuphakeme okungaba ngu-22-25 degrees, ekulondolozeni umswakama ophezulu, ekuvikeleni emisebeni yelanga, ekutheni ukwanele. Ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva izithombo zinikeza izithombo ezifakelwa emhlabathini ohlangene ezixutshwe ezingxenyeni ezifanayo zomhlaba nomhlaba weqabunga. Emva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukugcina ukushisa kwama-degrees angama-20, kodwa hhayi ngezansi, ukufiphala kanye namanzi. Ngemuva konyaka owodwa, lesi sitshalo sidonsa emhlabathini ukuze kusetshenziswe abantu abadala.
Ukuqapha.
Amaqabunga e-ehmey emigqabhagqabhezana ayenobuthi, ngakho-ke izikhumba zesikhumba kungenzeka.
Izinkinga ezingabhekana nazo.
Amaqabunga ama Brown. Isizathu singabanda ukushisa kokuqukethwe, ukubola kwesitshalo.
Lezi zitshalo zezitshalo ze-aphid, izimpande zomshoshaphansi, izihlangu ziphethwe.