Isifinyezo sakhiwa kusukela ezincwadini zokuqala zezifo: I - T - toxoplasmosis, O - nezinye izifo, R - (rubella), C - cytomegalovirus, i - H - herpes simplex virus. "Okunye" kufaka izifo ezinjenge-hepatitis B no-C, i-syphilis, i-chlamydia, ukutheleleka kwe-gonococcal, ukutheleleka kwe-pervovirus, i-listeriosis, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, inkukhu yenkukhu kanye nokutheleleka kwe-enterovirus. Ziba usongo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengoba zingathinta kakhulu ingane, ziholele ekusaneni, ukukhulelwa komzimba, ukubeletha noma ukulimala okungathí sina kwengane. Kodwa ungesabi kusengaphambili. Ucwaningo lwezikhathi kanye nolwazi olugcwele luzosiza ukugcina isimo silawulwa. Ngakho-ke, iyiphi ingozi yangempela, futhi yini kuphela ukwesaba okungamanga?
Imiphumela emihle yokuhlolwa ihlale ikhombisa ukutholakala kokutheleleka kanye nengozi kumntwana.
Isihloko esihle ekuhlaziyweni kusho ukuthi owesifazane usanda kuxhumana nokutheleleka, noma ngabe wayenesifo futhi une-immunity kuso. Esikhathini esilandelayo, akukho lutho lokukhathazeka ngalutho: umzimba womama uye wahlakulela ama-antibodies anamandla okulwa nezifo eziphilayo eziyingozi, azozivikela ngokuzethemba yena nomntwana futhi ngeke avumele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Ingozi kuphela isigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi sesifo, lapho ukutheleleka okuyinhloko kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi ukutheleleka kukwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwe-placenta, kubangele ukutheleleka kwe-intrauterine.
Ukuba khona kwezifo eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa abesifazane akuzona neze eziyingozi emntwaneni futhi akusikho njalo kuholela emiphumeleni eyingozi.
Uma owesifazane ekhona, kuphela ophethe isifo, i-agent e causative ayikwazi ukungena kumntwana futhi ngandlela-thile ithinte isimo sakhe. Isigaba sesifo esingelapheki sinengozi, ngoba singakhula sibe yinto enzima, kepha lokhu akukwenzeka njalo. Kulolu daba, udokotela uzoqoka owesifazane wesifundo esengeziwe, imiphumela ezokwenziwa ngayo ukwelapha. Futhi ngisho nasenkathini eyingozi kakhulu yesigaba esiyingozi sesi sifo, amathuba okuba ingane ihlupheke ayikho ngokuphelele.
Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe ngezifo eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa akunakwenzeka.
Kukhona ngempela ukutheleleka, okungeke kuphindwe. Isibonelo, uma esemncane owesifazane ephethe i-rubella, umzimba wakhe wathola umkhuhlane wangunaphakade kulolu sifo. Kodwa amanye ama-virus amaningi angenziwa kusebenze emzimbeni futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu akufaneleki ukukhathazeka - akukho lutho olusenganeni olusasa. Phakathi nokutheleleka okuyinhloko, umzimba uveza ama-antibodies ethize - ama-immunoglobulin egabalasi, anesakhono esiphakeme sokubopha i-agent esebenzayo. Ngakho-ke ngamanzi ase-placenta noma emfantwini igciwane aliwa emntwaneni.
Ukutheleleka ekugcineni akuyona yingozi kwengane - emva kwakho konke, zonke izitho zenziwe kakade.
Ukutheleleka nge-TORCH-izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuyingozi esikhathini sonke sokukhulelwa. Izinkinga ezingathí sina kakhulu zokutheleleka kwe-fetus, empeleni, ziyi-trimestre yokuqala, kodwa phakathi namasonto angu-12 edlule amathuba okuthola igciwane kusuka kumama kuya kumntana akhula iminyango eminingana. Futhi lokhu kungabangela ukuvuvukala kwezitho eziningana zezingane kanye nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi isistimu yomgogodla iyinhloko ehlukahlukene.
Njengoba i-toxoplasmosis "isifo sekati", singatheleleka kuphela kumakati. Umthombo oyinhloko walesi sifo, empeleni, amakati, ikakhulukazi ehamba emgwaqweni, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-toxoplasm kwenzeka emzimbeni wekati. Kodwa-ke, ngendwangu, izilwane zethu ezifuywayo zinikeza lesi sifo se-intracellular imvelo yangaphandle, kanti nezinye izilwane nezinyoni zitholeleke kalula lapho. Bona ngokwabo abazihlukanisi i-toxoplasm, kepha umuntu angenwa igciwane ngenyama eluhlaza (ikakhulukazi inyama yenkukhu). Kanti futhi, ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile kwesikhumba ngendwangu noma umhlaba owake waba khona - i-toxoplasm ingaqhubeka iminyaka! Yingakho lesi sifo ngokuvamile "sithathwa" kusuka ezinganeni ze-sandbox.
Ukuthola ukuthi iningi lezifo ezithinta isibani zingahlaziya kuphela. Cishe zonke lezi zifo ziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi lona wesifazane akakwazi ukuqagela ukuthi uphinde wabuyiselwa. Noma izimpawu zingase zivele sekwephuzile, esigabeni esicacile sesifo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ngisho nangesikhathi sokuhlela kokukhulelwa ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngokutheleleka kwe-torch. Ngokubona nokugxila eklasini ye-serum immunoglobulins isigaba A, G no-M singanquma ukutholakala kwesifo kwabesifazane kanye nefomu layo. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuhlaziywa kunconywa ukuba kuphindwe ukuze kukhishwe ukutheleleka okuyisisekelo phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibalulekile.
Ukuvimbela izifo ezithinta isibani akusizi ngalutho - noma ugula, noma cha. Yiqiniso, izifo zisizungezile yonke indawo, kepha namanje ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
Ngenxa yalokhu, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcina imithetho elula yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu: geza izandla emva kokuxhumana nomhlaba kanye nenyama eluhlaza, futhi unakekele izilwane ezifuywayo kuphela ngeglavu. Lapho ulungiselela ukudla, ukudla kufanele kube nokushisa okuphelele, ubisi kufanele lukhethwe kuphela. Kusukela kwezinye izifo, isibonelo, i-rubella, kungcono ukugonywa esigabeni sokuhlela sokukhulelwa (uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kungabonakali ukuthi kukhona ama-antibodies). Futhi-ke, kufanele sigweme ukuxhumana nabantu asebevele benesifo se-torch-complex.
Ungafunda kanjani ukuhlolwa:
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa ukuthi ngabe ukutheleleka kwesibani esiyinkimbinkimbi kukhona emzimbeni, nokuthi ngabe umama ozayo unesifo sengculazi kulezi zifo. Lokhu kungathathwa ngokuba khona kwama-immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) e-serum yegazi. Zivela emzimbeni ngezigaba ezahlukene zalesi sifo. Uma ukutheleleka okuyisisekelo kukwandisa izinga le-IgM. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile (kusukela ngesonto ukuya enyangeni), ukuhlushwa kwabo kuqala ukuwa, kodwa le nqubo ingathatha isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu kwizifundo ze-IgG, ezibonakala kamuva futhi ekugcineni zibonakala zibonakala - ikhono lokubopha i-agent esebenzayo. I-IgA ivela ku-serum ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi futhi ibonisa nesigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi sesifo. Kamuva, inani le-IgM ne-IgA liyancipha kancane kancane, futhi ngenxa yalokho, i-IgG kuphela ehlala.
Ngakho-ke , uma ukuhlaziywa kwembula kuphela i-IgG egazini ngamanani amancane, kusho ukuthi owesifazane wayenesi sifo futhi unegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuso, noma usanda kuxhumana nokutheleleka. Inani elikhudlwana le-IgG libonisa ukuthi isifo esidlule esingapheli sesidlulile esigabeni esiyinkimbinkimbi. Kulesi simo, kunconywa emva kwesikhashana ukuphinda kuhlaziywe: uma i-IgM ivela egazini, lona wesifazane uphinde abe nesifo esithathelwanayo, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi usongela umntwana ozayo. Uma i-IgG ne-IgM itholakala ngesikhathi esifanayo, noma ukuhlolwa kukhonjiswe kuphela ukutholakala kwe-IgM, lokhu kungabonisa kokubili ukutheleleka ngaphambi kokuthi ukhulelwe futhi isifo sesivele sisenqubo. Kulolu cala ukuthi kunconywa ukwenza izifundo ezengeziwe ezithatha isikhathi eside ukuthi lezi zifo zomzimba zivele kanjani emzimbeni.