Khona-ke esifundeni se-nipple, phezulu kwesifuba esingaphandle, ungase uzizwe ibhola noma uphawu. Lona yi-fibroadenoma (isikhwama esinobungozi sezintambo zomzimba). Ukubukeka nokuthuthukiswa kwalo kubangelwa ama-estrogen, okungezingeni eliphakeme kulo nyaka. I-Fibroadenoma ihlukaniswe ngokucacile nezicubu ezizungezile futhi ayibangeli izinzwa ezibuhlungu. I-fibroadenoma enkulu kuphela eholela ekuguqulweni kwesimo sebele. Nge iminwe yakho uzozizwa ibhola elihambayo elihamba phambili elinobuso obushelelezi. Ubukhulu bayo bungahlukana ne-pea kuya ku-walnut, kodwa kaningi ububanzi abudluli ku-1-3 cm. I-Fibroadenoma ingabonakala ku-gland eyodwa ye-mammary (engxenyeni yayo engaphandle) noma kokubili. Ngezinye izikhathi esiswini esisodwa kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-fibroadenomas. Ngokuvamile azibeki usongo, kodwa udinga ukuhlola njalo nodokotela. I-Ultrasound yisifundo esiphoqelekile kule minyaka. Ivumela udokotela ukuba ahlolisise izigulane ze-mammary zesiguli. I-Ultrasound ayibuhlungu, awudingi ukuyilungiselela. Kungcono ukuyisebenzisa engxenyeni yokuqala yomjikelezo wesimiso, lapho isifuba singakhuliswa. Izifo zesifuba kubesifazane, izimpawu - isihloko sendaba.
Ngesikhathi se-ultrasound, uzodinga ukuqamba amanga ngemuva kwakho bese ufaka isandla sakho ngaphansi kwekhanda lakho. Kulesi sikhundla, isifuba siba nesicathulo, futhi udokotela angakwazi ukufunda konke kahle. Uyosakaza isifuba nge-gel ethuthukisa ukuhamba kwamagagasi e-ultrasonic. Bese kuzodabula indawo ngaphansi kophenyo inzwa exhunywe kukhompyutha. Isithombe somzimba we-mammary gland sibonakala kumqapha. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela angase ahlolisise amathanga ebisi. Ngakho-ke, i-ultrasound inconywa, okokuqala, yabesifazane abasebasha. Kubonisa ushintsho esifubeni (ngisho namamitha ambalwa ngamasayizi). Ukusebenzisa i-ultrasound, kulula ukuhlukanisa fibroadenoma kusuka kwenye uhlobo lwe-tumor. Uma ibhola lincane futhi lingalimazi, kuwanele ukuhlola isifuba sakho ngeminwe yakho njalo ngenyanga. Njalo ngonyaka wesigamu udinga ukubonisa i-mammalog. Uma ubukhulu be-fibroadenoma budlula u-3 cm, kungenzeka ukuthi kuphazamisa ukuhlinzwa okujwayelekile kwemikhumbi yobisi. Kukhona ingozi ukuthi esikhathini esizayo kungabangela izimo eziphuzayo. Ngakho-ke, udokotela angase anqume ukususa. Ngeshwa, ukususwa kwalo akusho ukuthi ngeke kuvele futhi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlola isimo sesifuba njalo ngenyanga.
Ukukhathazeka
Phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 no-40, umzimba wesifazane uvame ukubhekana nezimpukane ze-hormonal. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka uma ama-ovari enza i-estrogen kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-progesterone. Umzimba uphendukela kulezi zintshintsho ze-hormonal ngokukhula ngokweqile kwamangqamuzana omzimba wezibeletho. Khona-ke ungase uzizwe esifubeni esisodwa noma ngaphezulu izigxobo ezingavamile, amapelisi noma izicubu ezincane. Izinguquko ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi i-mastopathy (noma i-dysplasia). Zingavela engxenyeni ethile noma zonke izifuba, kokubili noma kokubili kokubili. Amabele anezinsipho ezinamahloni azizwa njengesikhwama se-peas. Njengomthetho, azibangeli izinzwa ezibuhlungu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga ezibuhlungu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenyanga, lapho isifuba sithula futhi siba nesibindi. Imizwa engathandeki yenzeka lapho kuqala ukuya esikhathini.
Ama-node we-mastopathy
Akudingeki baphathwe, kodwa kudingeka uhlolwe njalo. Ama-cyst angakhula emathisini asebele. Udokotela ubeka i-ultrasound kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinga lama-hormone akhiqizwa ama-ovari, i-pituitary gland kanye ne-gland yegland ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene zomjikelezo. Uma ukuhlaziywa kwembula ukwehlukana ezingeni lamahomoni okuvamile, udokotela uzokhetha ukwelashwa okufanele. Inhloso yokwelapha iwukuba kujwayelekile ukwenza isizinda se-hormonal. Lokhu kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iminyaka eminingana. Uyonikezwa amalungiselelo e-hormonal yokuphathwa ngomlomo noma i-gel yebele ene-progesterone. Ukukhulula ubuhlungu esifubeni kuzokusiza ukucindezela, isibonelo, ithawula elinywe emanzini abandayo. Ibhande elisekelayo lizokwehlisa nokwehla. Uma ukukhathazeka kubaluleke kakhulu, yiziphi izinhlobo zokuphila esizihola, ikakhulukazi indlela yokudla. Kudingeka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha esilwane, usawoti, ikhofi, ushokoledi, iziphuzo zoshukela - lezi mikhiqizo zigcina uketshezi emzimbeni futhi zandisa ukuzwa okubuhlungu. Kodwa ungathembela emifino nezithelo, ama-legumes kanye nenhlanzi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha omega-3. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, ama-node athambekele ekuxazululeni, kodwa kukhona amathuba okuba azobuya, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukwenza i-ultrasound njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Lapho umdlavuza uvame ukuhlaselwa khona
- 70% - isisu esitholakala endaweni yangaphandle engenayo (okuthiwa i-quadrant) yesifuba (esiseduze nehlombe), ngokuvamile isakhiwo esibi.
- 15% - kuphela amaphesenti amancane e-tumor atholakalayo engxenyeni engezansi engumdlavuza.
- I-10% - ishintsho ngasinye seshumi, esivezwe emkhakheni wangaphakathi webele, sidinga ukwelashwa komdlavuza.
- 5% - i-quadrant engaphakathi ephansi - lena yindawo ephephile kakhulu, i-tumorous tumor tumors.
Ama-Cyst avele
Ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amane, izicubu ezitholakala emathunjini ziqala ukunyamalala kancane kancane, kodwa izinga lama-hormone ocansi, i-estrogens ne-progesterone, lingasashintsha emzimbeni. Esifubeni kungabonakala ama-cysts. Lezi yizibhola ezizungezile ezifana nama-bubbles ane-liquid ehambayo futhi ephansi lapho ecindezelwe. Ama-Cyst afana nobukhulu obuhlukile: ngokuvamile kaningi, kepha ngezinye izikhathi kunezinhlanzi eziningana esiswini esisodwa. Bangela ubuhlungu uma becindezela ekupheleni kwezinzwa. Ubuhlungu kulokhu buhlinzeka ku-armpit.
I-cyst enkulu futhi ebuhlungu.
Ungayilahla ngokubhoboza nokukhipha uketshezi nge-syringe. Le ndlela iletha ngokushesha ukuphumula, futhi isayithi lixazulula kancane kancane. Uketshezi olutholakala ku-cyst kufanele luhlolwe ngokuba khona kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kodwa ingozi yesifo iphansi. Indlela eyingozi kakhulu ukususwa kwe-cyst. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswe uma i-cyst ivela ngokuphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi esifushane. Ama-cysts ayenzeka nakwabesifazane abalahlayo, uma ubisi ludlula kabi ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwesinye sezidakamizwa zobisi. Ingane ingakwazi ukudiliza ubumnyama obisi nokubuyiselwa kobuciko bomgwaqo, bese i-node ngokwayo iyonyamalalala. Kodwa uma i-cyst igula, kuyoba khona ukuxhaswa, okuyodingeka ukuthi ilashwe udokotela.
Uzi kanye ne-mammography
Uma udokotela nge-palpation embula i-cyst, uzokhipha i-ultrasound ne-mammogram. I-Mammography iyindlela yokuhlola i-x-ray. Bonke abesifazane emva kweminyaka engama-40 kufanele babe neminyaka emibili minyaka yonke. Inqubo yenziwa engxenyeni yokuqala yomjikelezo wesimiso, uma kungekho ukuzwa okubuhlungu esifubeni. Udokotela ubeka isifuba ngasinye bese uvula ipuleti ekhethekile bese ucindezela kancane phezulu kwelinye ipuleti. Ngakho isifuba siyancipha, futhi imisebe idlula kangcono ngokusebenzisa izicubu ezigulisayo. Udokotela uthatha isithombe. Khona-ke ubeka amacwecwe endaweni eqondile bese ethatha isithombe ngokubonakala okuqondile. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa yinoma iyiphi ingxenye yezinhlayiya ze-mammary. Khona-ke i-radiologist inqamula izithombe bese inika isiphetho sayo.
Kungaba ukubalwa
Ama-ovari akhiqiza i-estrogen encane, futhi lokhu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuthinta ukubukeka kwesifuba. Izicubu ze-glandular ziyaqedwa. Manje isifuba siqukethe ikakhulukazi izicubu ze-adipose, ngakho-ke ibukeka kakhudlwana futhi kulukhuni. Ngemuva kokunqamuka kwesikhashana, ukuqoqwa kwe-calcium encane (ukubalwa) kungavela esifubeni. Ngokuvamile ziyatholakala ngesikhathi se-mammogram yokulawula. Kuphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 no-60 kunconywa ukukwenza njalo ngonyaka.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokufaka imali
Izibalo zingaba izinhlobo ezimbili. Amakhomithi amakhulu e-calcium, okuyi-mammogram abukeka njengamabala amhlophe, abizwa ngokuthi ama-macrocalcifications. Uma ukufakwa kwezimali kufana nephuzu elimhlophe, yi-microcalcification. Futhi akubangelwa i-calcium equkethe ukudla noma ihlanjululwe ngamathambo. Ukwenziwa kwe-macrocifications kuhlotshaniswa nenqubo yemvelo yokuguga futhi kubonakala kunabesifazane abaningi emva kweminyaka engu-50. Awuyingozi. Ukunciphisa okuncane kungabi nengozi, kodwa uma i-mammogram ibonisa iqoqo elikhulu lazo endaweni eyodwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqashwe ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo, ngoba kungabonisa izinguquko zangempela.
I-Breast biopsy
Lesi sifundo esikhethekile esinikezwa udokotela. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-biopsies, kodwa nge-microcalcifications, i-thick-needle biopsy iycono kakhulu. Usezibhedlela. Emva kwe-anesthesia, inaliti ende ifakwa endaweni yokuhlolwa yesifuba, kanti udokotela usebenzisa i-syringe ukuvuna inani elithile lezincubu. Khona-ke ukuhlolisisa kwakhe ngezicubu zezicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope kwenziwa ngokutholakala kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uma uthola inani elidingekayo lezicubu nge-hard-needle biopsy kanzima, udokotela uhamba ngokuya endaweni okuthiwa i-biopsy ebizwa ngokuthi i-vacuum biopsy. Ibukeka njengesinaliti esinyene, kepha izinaliti eziyi-3mm namadivayisi wokugcoba asetshenziselwa ukukhipha ingxenye ye-calcium deposition. Le biopsy ayibuhlungu. Uma kwenzeka ukuthola umdlavuza, ungakwazi ngokushesha ukuthola uhlobo lwawo. Lokhu kushesha ukuqala ukwelashwa futhi kwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo.