Ikhodi Yokuhlonipha
Emuva ngo-1963, ekuqaleni kokuhlasela komkhakha wokudla wama-chemical preservatives kanye nedayi, i-WHO ikhishwe incwadi esemthethweni - iCodex Alimcnlarius. Kuze kube manje, inombhalo omkhulu wezithasiselo ezivumelekile. Ukuwasebenzisa ngaphandle kokuphula umthetho, abakhiqizi kumele babhale ngephakheji igama lenkampani, noma inkomba yayo kanye nesigaba, isibonelo: "i-sorbic acid" noma "i-E-200 yokulondolozwa". Futhi, izinkampani akumele zidlule inombolo evumelekile yezingxube "E". Kulesi simo, imikhiqizo ibhekwa njengokuphephile.
Maye, iqhawe!
Okokuqala emaqenjini amathathu aphezulu - ukufuna i-gum. Mayelana "nokwehluleka" kuphela isisekelo senjoloba. Endaweni yesibili - i-cola yokudla. Imvelaphi yemvelo kuwo amanzi, i-carbon dioxide, ne-caffeine. Okumenza abe i-cola, inomsuka nje we-laboratory: izithako ezithandayo, ama-acidity regulators, amade, ama-preservatives njalonjalo. Ivala i-bouillon cube emithathu "eyingozi kunazo zonke". Izithako ezingokwemvelo kuwo okuncane: amafutha yemifino ayimvelaphi engaziwa, inyama encane yemifino futhi eyomile yenkukhu. Kulungile, usawoti noshukela. Konke okunye kuyi-flavoramate (glutamate, inosinate, guanylate ye-sodium), i-maltodextrin, isitashi, flavour nombala. Njengoba bethi, isifiso esimnandi!
Izithasiselo eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu "E"
Ama-flavour and flavour enhancers (E-600 - E-699) atholakala kumasiketshi ayingozi kulesi sikhumba, ama-sodas nokudla okusheshayo, nakwezinhlamvu eziningi zaseKorea, i-soy sauce, i-yoghurts kanye nemifino yemifino, ethandekayo yiziningi. Ama-Flavour ngokuvamile ajwayelekile ukusidukisa. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphezu kwemvelo (izinongo, igxila imifino nezithelo) kanye nokwenziwa (amakhemikhali izinto ezifana ne-ethylmaltol) kukhona okuthiwa yendalo yemvelo. Eqinisweni, abafani kakhulu nabafowabo bemvelo. EMelika naseYurophu akakho nhlobo lelo gama. Kithina uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukufihla amagama angathandeki wezinto zamakhemikhali. Vumelanisa, i-kitten okusajingijolo, i-ethyl acetate noma i-amyl acetate ekwenzeni i-yogurt engathandeki kakhulu kunanambitheka efana nemvelo. Ezinye izithasiselo ze-E-600-E-699 uchungechunge zinambitha zokuthuthukisa. Bavumela izinkampani ukuba zilondoloze ezingxenyeni ezibizayo. Isibonelo esivamile yi-glutamate ye-sodium, evame ukutholakala kuma-sauces, izinongo nama-sausage. Izuzisa ngokunambitheka ukunambitheka kwemifino kanye nenyama emisha, okubenza bakwazi ukuyibeka kancane kancane esikhundleni sabo ngokufana nama-analogues ashibhile. Ngokusho kwabahlengikazi be-Institute of Nutrition ye-Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, kubantu abadala, i-glutamate ye-sodium iyingozi kuphela uma kwenzeka ukudlula isivalo esivunyelwe (1.5 g ngosuku, noma ngaphezulu kuka-0.5 g ngesikhathi). Akulula ukulawula lokhu, ikakhulukazi uma uthanda ama-Salads aseKorea futhi ulungele ukugqoka. Kungcono ukupheka ngokwakho, ngezinongo zemvelo. Ama-Dyes (E-100 - E-199) kanye nama-preservatives (E-200 - E-299) atholakala ngisho nalapho abonakala bengenakho lutho, isibonelo, emaqeleni amafutha aphansi kanye ne-grainy cottage shizi. Amaqembu "E" angu-100-199 omabili amakhemikhali futhi asondelene nemvelo. Lezi ziqu zihlanganisa i-carotene ne-carotenoids (i-carrot extracts), i-Appato (i-Appato (i-Bio orcllana L. isihlahla sembewu esivela eNingizimu Melika), i-curcumin (into ephuma emthonjeni we-turmeric), i-riboflavin (i-vitamin B2). Izondlo (ngaphandle kwamakhulu eminyaka kaviniga, i-apula kanye nezinye i-acids yemvelo), izakhamuzi ziye zafakwa isikhathi eside njengeziphephile ngokomzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abanempilo bangcono ukungayisebenzisi, nalabo abanenkinga yokugulisa umzimba, ukwelashwa kanye nezingane, ngokuvamile bayaphikisana. Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-bio-yogurt ethandwayo, okusho ukuthi, ngokusho kwe-GOST, akufanele ibe naso yonke imithi yokuvikela, ingahlala esiqandisini izinsuku ezimbalwa, nakuba, ngokusobala, kufanele idabule emahoreni ambalwa ... Izimo eziqinile, iziqhwaga kanye nama-emulsifiers (Е-400-Е -499) itholakala kokubili ushokoledi, nangama-dessert angaphansi-khalori - i-jelly, i-marmalade, i-ayisikhilimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwalezi zithasiselo, amaswidi asehlisiwe ayengekho nhlobo. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-E-476 (i-ethers, efana nesepha evamile) inikezwa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ushokoledi. Banika ipulasitiki eliyinkimbinkimbi, ngenxa yokuthi liyancibilika emlonyeni. Njengamanye ama-E-components, stabilizers, thickeners kanye emulsifiers kukhona zemvelo futhi zokwenziwa. Esikhathini esisivivinywa - i-yolk yeqanda namaprotheni, kanye nama-lecithin yemifino. Ungesabi ama-agar-agar nama-alganate (ama-extract of seaweed), i-humicarrabica (i-acacia extract), i-pectin (i-fiber fiber), i-gelatin (i-protein gelling agent) ne-chitosan (into ephuma ku-carapace ye-crab). Zivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yokudla, okuyinto odokotela abakhuthaza abantu abanesisindo esiningi. Kodwa-ke, ama polymeri ezakhiwe kanye nama-semi-synthetic kanye nama-surfactants (ama-surfactants) ayabiza kakhulu. Bangabalwa ngokusebenzisa igama eliyinkimbinkimbi yamakhemikhali, kanye nezindleko zomkhiqizo eziqukethwe kuwo. Isibonelo, ezinhlobonhlobo ze-ayisikhilimu ezakhiwa ngokusho kweGOST, i-lecithin yemvelo isetshenziswa kaningi, futhi ngezinhlobo ezishibhile (ngokusho kwe-TU) "chemistry" isetshenziswa. Iqoqo lezinye izithasiselo (E-900-E-999) lihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kokudla kanye nezinye izinto. Zitholakala kokubili ngesinkwa esimhlophe nesinkwa, futhi esithandwa ngesinkwa esincane nokusanhlamvu. Manje, ngaphandle kwalezi zithasiselo, cishe ayikho izitshalo zokupheka isinkwa ezingayenza. Zikuvumela ukuba usindise okuningi kwisithako esiyinhloko - ufulawa wekhwalithi. Ukolo lwesigaba sesithathu luhle kakhulu kubhakabhaka. Kukhona gluten ngokwanele kuwo, okuyinto izokwenza porosity nobukhazikhazi isinkwa crumb. Kodwa-ke, manje amabhakeji ayanda ukusebenzisa ufulawa wekolweni wesine, okwakusetshenziselwa ukondla imfuyo. Ngenxa yokunciphisa okungcono kwe-E, kungenzeka ukufihla izithako zekhwalithi empofu. Ukuze uzivikele "kumakhemikhali" esinkwa sansuku zonke, kungcono ukuthenga izinhlobo ezidumile zezinkwa zika rye noma u-rye-rye, ezenziwe ngokusho kwamaGOST amadala. Lesi sinkwa sinokuvumelana okunamandla, ngakho "umoya" wezinkwa nezinqulu kuye kuye noma yini.