Ngo-1802, i-genus yachazwa, futhi yanikwa igama elithi A. Gusman - isitshalo se-botanist saseSpain. I-Gusmania iyisitshalo se-thermophilic, izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lokuzimbali liyi-25 ° C. Bahlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, bakhulisa kokubili ama-epiphyte emithini nasenhlabathini njengezitshalo zasemhlabeni.
Amaqabunga ane rosettes enemijondolo, embili ekuphakameni nasebubanzi ingafinyelela ngamasentimitha angu-50. Ukushiya ngokuphelele, kungenziwa kube yi-variegated, futhi kungaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa esikhathini sokuqhakaza kuyahluka ngokucacile kusuka ekuphumeni, okubonakala phakathi kweqabunga. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-guzmania, i-inflorescence yenziwa emkhakheni we-peduncle ende. Isimbali asiqali ngaphambi kweminyaka emibili yokuphila, ukuqhakaza kuthatha izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu, bese kuthi isitshalo semama sifa.
Nakekela i-Guzzman.
Izitshalo ze-gusmania zangaphandle azizithobeki, ngakho-ke zingatshalwa kokubili endaweni enomthunzi nasendaweni ekhanyayo. I-Guzmania ithanda ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ukukhanya kwelanga, ikakhulukazi emini ayithandi, ngakho kufanele kube pritenyat (ngokufaka shading ungasebenzisa indwangu noma iphepha eliguquguqukayo). Kungcono ukwandisa i-gusmania ewindini elisempumalanga noma entshonalanga. Ewindini elisenyakatho, lesi sitshalo sakhula kahle, kodwa ngeke siphume.
Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo singadluliselwa emgwaqeni, kodwa kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuze lesi sitshalo singabonakali ekukhanyeni kwelanga, iziklamo, imvula. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, igumbi kumele lihlale liphefumula. Ekwindla nasebusika, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okuhle, shading ngalesi sikhathi kufanele sisuswe. Ukuze ukhanyiswe okwengeziwe, ungasebenzisa izibani ezikhanyayo ezibekwa kude 50-60 cm ngaphezu kwesitshalo (ubuncane bamahora angu-8 wokukhanyisa kuyadingeka ngosuku ngosuku lokuphila okuvamile). Ekwindla nasebusika, igumbi lapho gusmania likhula kufanele libe umoya, kepha akufanele kube ne-drafts.
Etshaleni nasehlobo, isitshalo kufanele sikhule ekamelweni elinokushisa okulinganayo kuze kube ngu-25 о С (kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-20 о С). Ebusika, i-gusmania ingafakwa ekamelweni elipholile ekushiseni okuphezulu kwe-18 о С (qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa aliwi ngaphansi kwe-12 о С).
Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuchelela okunengi njengoba i-substrate yoma. Kunconywa ukuthululela amanzi emithonjeni yezindawo zokuthengisa, mhlawumbe ekuseni. Ngezinye izikhathi, amanzi kufanele ashintshwe. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kanye nangaphambi kokuphumula, amanzi avela ngaphandle.
Ebusika, ukuchelela kufanele kube okulinganayo. Kule nkathi, akudingeki ukuba uthele amanzi emngceleni, nje uhlanza isitshalo. Amanzi awathululi esitokisini futhi ngemva kokuba isitshalo sesiphelile, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizoqala ukubola!
Uma i-guzmania ikhula emthini we-bromeliad, okungenani kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi isitshalo kumele sisuswe ekusekelweni bese igxila emanzini ahlelekile. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa, khipha amanzi amaningi futhi ubuyele endaweni. Amanzi okunisela kufanele alula futhi ahlelwe, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kufanele libe ngu 2-3 o C ngaphambi kokushisa kwamakamelo.
Uma izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lidlula ama-20 degrees ebusika, kufanele ngezinye izikhathi uthele amanzi amancane afudumele.
I-Guzmania - izitshalo ezithanda umswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke izimo ezifanele zokukhula zizoba yisitshalo somhlabathi omanzi noma i-terrarium. Isitshalo sidinga ukuqhuma njalo (izikhathi eziningana ngosuku). Uma umswakama akwanele, khona-ke ungabeka lesi sitshalo emagatsheni ngamatshe amatshe, ama-moss amanzi, ubumba obwandisiwe. Ingaphansi ebhodweni akufanele ibe semanzini. Ngezinye izikhathi, amaqabunga kufanele asuswe ngendwangu emanzini ukuze ahlanzwe ngothuli. Uhlaka olukhethekile, olunikeza amaqabunga ukukhanya akusifisi ukusebenzisa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenziwa kanye ngezinsuku ezingu-30. Umquba kufanele uhlanjululwe ngamanzi ukuchelela futhi uthele emsikeni.
Ukuze ukhule, kufanele uthenge umanyolo okhethekile we-bromeliads. Ungasebenzisa umanyolo wezindlu ezijwayelekile, kodwa udinga ukuthatha izikhathi ezingaphansi kwezingu-4 kunezitshalo ezijwayelekile. Inani le-nitrogen kumanyolo kufanele libe liphansi, ngoba ukunqwabelana kokuholela ekufeni kweGuzmania.
Uma kunesidingo, isitshalo sishintshwa kabusha, kodwa hhayi kaningi ngaphezu kwanye njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemibili. Intamo yalesi sitshalo ayihlali ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ngoba lesi sitshalo singafa.
I-imeyili ye-guzmania ekhulayo kufanele ibe yinyango, ibhodlela kufanele ifakwe emanzini amaningi (i-1/3 ebhodweni, hhayi ngaphansi).
Ngezinhlobo ze-epiphytic ze-guzmania, i-substrate kumele ibe nezinxenye ezingu-3 ze-pine bark echotshoziwe, ingxenye engu-1 ye-sphagnum eqoshiwe, ingxenye engu-1 ye-peat moss, ingxenye engu-1 ye-leafy, 1/2 ingxenye ye-humus emhlabeni (ungathatha i-mullein eyomile), ngezicucu zamalahle nama-perlite.
Ngezinhlobo zasemhlabeni waseGuzzmania, inhlabathi kufanele ibe nezingxenye ezimbili zezwe leqabunga, ingxenye eyodwa ye-humus, i-1 part peat, i-0.5 ingxenye yesihlabathi, nge-addition sphagnum, umhlaba we-sod, amagxolo e-coniferous, amalahle. Ukutshala, izitsha ezinkulu zingcono kuneziqukathi ezijulile.
Ukukhiqiza.
Lezi zindlovu zanda ngamanani, kancane kancane imbewu.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa nge-peat ngesihlabathi noma ku-sphagnum eqoshiwe. Imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kumele ihlanjwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, bese isomisiwe. Imbewu ihluma kuphela ekukhanyeni, ngakho ayivaliwe enhlabathini. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngama-22-24 degrees. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukupompa okuvamile nokuphuza umoya kuyadingeka. Izithombo zivela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-20, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-2.5 zidonsa zibe yingxube ehlanganisa ingxenye eyodwa yezwe le-sod, izingxenye ezimbili ze-leaf land, izingxenye ezine ze-peat. Futhi ngemva nje kwesigamu sonyaka izithombo ezinamandla zitshalwe. Ngeminyaka engu-3-4, izitshalo ezincane ziqala ukuqhuma.
Inzalo yesitshalo se-guasman ikhiqiza kalula. Ekupheleni kwezimbali, lesi sitshalo siyafa, kodwa ngokufanayo nalokhu, amahlumela okuvuselela aqala ukuvusa phansi, enikezwa inzalo eningi, okuyizinyanga ezimbili eziba nesimiso sezinto ezibuthakathaka kanye namaqabunga amathathu kuya kwamane. Kulezimbiza kusengaphambili, udinga ukuthululela i-sphagnum, noma isigcawu sezingxenye ezingu-3 zomhlaba weqabunga, ingxenye engu-1 ye-pine bark ne-1 ingxenye yesihlabathi.
Isiqukathi sifakwa ekamelweni elinokushisa kwama-26 futhi limbozwe nge-polyethylene ebonakalayo noma i-glass cap. Ngemuva kokuba izitshalo seziqine futhi zigxilile, kudingeka zijwayele izimo zokunakekelwa kwezicathulo zabantu abadala.
Yonakalisiwe: i-mealy ibomvu, isihlangu.