Ama-viruses, amabhaktheriya kanye nezifungi zingabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene ezitshalweni. Izifo ezivame kakhulu yilabo abathintekayo bezinambuzane ezihamba phambili. Njalo isikhathi, izifo ezivamile zizohlukahluka kuye ngesimo sezulu. Ezinye izifo zivela esimweni semvula, kanti ezinye zivela esimweni esomile.
I-Cancer
I-cancer ibangelwa amagciwane noma isikhunta. Lesi sifo sithinta iziqu namagatsha esitshalo. Ngenxa yomdlavuza we-cambium, otholakala ngaphansi kwegxolo lemithi nezihlahla. Ngokuvamile umdlavuza utholakala ngendandatho eqondile, lesi sifo sizokhula kuze kube yilapho ihlumela liphelile ngokuphelele, futhi indawo engaphezu kwesigxili se-lesion ayibuni. Ngokuvamile, abalimi abafana nalezi zimpawu bathathwa ukuze kube nezibonakaliso zezifo ezihluke ngokuphelele (shayela, isibonelo), nakuba ngokusemandleni kungumdlavuza oye wawela engxenyeni engezansi yesitshalo.
I-Puffin
Lesi sifo kubangelwa ukubola okuyisisekelo noma okuyizimpande futhi kunencazelo ebanzi kakhulu okukhulunywa ngayo ngokwehlukana. Ama-apula (amakhowe we-genus Amillaria) yisifo esibi kunawo wonke sesitshalo sezitshalo, ngoba kunzima ukulwa nayo, futhi cishe akusizi ukuphelisa ukuqeda.
I-Downy isikhutha
Lesi sifo sihambisana nokubonakala engxenyeni engenhla yamaqabunga amachashazi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aphuzi, futhi ngaphansi kwengqabunga leqabunga kukhona ukugqoka okwesibhakabhaka noma okumhlophe kulezi zindawo. Ukutheleleka kunemikhiqizo okumele ikhule, ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha iqabunga lonke, eliholela ekufeni kwalo. Ngenxa yalesi sifo, sonke isitshalo singase sife.
Ukuphawula kweLeaf
Lesi sifo sibangelwa ezinye amagciwane kanye nezifungi eziningi. Lesi sifo sihambisana nezindawo ezizungezayo ezibomvu noma ezimpunga, ngokuvamile ezihlangene ezingenalutho. I-leaf patch ye-rhododendron ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezibomvu noma ezibubende, kuyilapho umkhawulo wokuqala uvame ukuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukwandisa, amabala ahlangene ndawonye, ngaleyo ndlela enza indawo enkulu yezicubu ezifile. Ngaphambi kokulimala okukhulu, amaqabunga afa futhi aqhuma, okwenza ukuba isitshalo sikhule.
Izibungu
Umkhungu omnyama noma ubhungu be-botrytis kubhekwa njengesixhaphozi esivame kakhulu. Lesi sifo sithinta inqwaba yezitshalo zokuhlobisa ezikhula endaweni evaliwe nevulekile. Ukubola okumnyama kuhlasela ngokujulile iziqu, izimbali, amaqabunga nezithelo, okubangela ukubola kwamathishu, ukwakha ukugqoka okubomvu.
Umkhuhlane wamanje we-powdery
Isifo esitholakalayo kunazo zonke zezitshalo zensimu. Lesi sifo sibonakala ukubonakala ohlangothini olungenhla kweshidi le powdery uzizwa lizwakala limhlophe, kukhona okuhlukile. Lesi sifo se-powdery sinalo igama elihlukile - i-spherote.
Ukugqwala
Iqembu elikhulu lezifo ze-fungal. Imifucumfucu yemifino ifaka kanye namaqabunga, avela emaqabeni amacembe ehlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ophuzi. I-bottomside yamaqabunga ishintshwe ngokubunjwa ngendlela yama-bubbles enemibala enombala ensundu, eluhlaza, emhlophe neyolintshi. Umbala we-blisters uncike kuhlobo lwesifo. I-Vesicles iqhuma futhi ingenalutho izinhlamvu ezithinta ezinye izitshalo.
Umsuka wokubola
Leli yiqembu elikhulu kakhulu lezifo, elibhubhisa amangqamuzana ezitshalo zezihlahla futhi liphenduke libe yisisindo sokubola. Ithinta isisekelo kanye nezimpande zesitshalo, ngakho-ke ihlukaniswe ibe yi-basal ne-root root. Kunezimo lapho kunzima ukunquma ukugxila kwesitshalo.
Withering
Isifo esasakazeke futhi esaziwayo, eshukunyiswa yi-fungi, amabhaktheriya, ama-virus. On izitshalo, bonke benze okufanayo, okokuqala kubangele ukususa iziqu, amaqabunga, amahlumela, ekugcineni ubulala sonke isitshalo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuqhuma kubonakala ngesikhathi, kunezimo lapho lesi sitshalo sithola khona ngokuphelele. Ukufa kwesitshalo yisigaba sokugcina sesifo.
Ama-virus
Igciwane liwumqondo wezifo ezahlukene zezifo ezithinta inombolo enkulu yezitshalo. Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane - ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesitshalo, ukuchithwa kwemifino kanye namaqabunga, ukuphawula, iphethini yama-mosaic ngezimbali namaqabunga, i-necrosis yezicubu.