Izitshalo zinezimbali ze-axillary, imilenze yabo yinde. I-corollas yezimbali zikhulu, ezinjengezinyosi, ziye zaveza i-bend e-five-lobed, zine-yev ebanzi. I-calyx yezimbali igobile, i-tubular ene-5 lobules. Esikhathini sendawo yeSinningia cishe izinhlobo ezingu-20 zezitshalo. Zivamile ezindaweni ezishisayo eNingizimu Melika, ngokuvamile ezifundeni zaseBrazil.
Ezinye izigaba zihlukanisa i-gloxinium efanele, njenge-genus, eduze nezitshalo ze-genus Sinningia. I-Gloxinium ayinazo izilimo eziyizigaxa. Lezi zitshalo zingatholakala kakhulu kakhulu kune-syningia. Esigabeni salo sitshalo kukhona izinhlobo eziyisithupha kuphela. Izilwane ezihlobisa zivamile eningizimu yeMelika ezindaweni ezishisayo. Kulo hlobo oluhlwanyelwe, uhlobo olulodwa olubizwa ngokuthi i-G. Perennis lwaziwa .
Ukuhlukaniswa: izinkinga
Engadini yeBrazil, isitshalo esingavamile sitholakale. Ngaphansi kwawo kwakuyi-scaly rhizome, futhi imbali yayibukeka njengensimbi. Lokhu kwakungu-1785. Lesi sitshalo kwakungokuqala kohlobo olusha. Uthole igama elithi Gloksinia elidutshulwa. Leli gama lanikezwa esitshalweni ngokuhlonipha isazi semvelo saseStrasbourg Gloksin BP
Eminyakeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, isitshalo sasivela emazweni ashisayo aseMelika, okwakubonakala njengabameleli be-genus gloxinia, kodwa kwakungafani nokuthi yayine-tuber. Kodwa ukuma kwembali kanye nesakhiwo saso kwakufana nezitshalo, okwakwenza kube nezizathu zokuthi ziba nomzimba ovamile. Lezi zinhlobo zazibizwa ngokuthi i-gloxinium enhle. Kuvela kuye, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi eside, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-gloxins zamanje ezitholakalayo, lapho esijwayele khona emafasitela ethu. Unemibala emangalisayo nezimo zezimbali. Ubukhulu babo abameleli bezinhlobo ezintsha ze-gloxinia ezinhle banda cishe izikhathi ezintathu, uma uziqhathanisa nezimbali zendlela yomzali.
Kodwa ama-botanist awazange aphathe ngaphandle kokudideka. Ngo-1925, kwachazwa esinye isitshalo sezitshalo, esingokomndeni lapho i-gloxinia ingowona, kuGesneria. Ngokuvumelanisa, isici esiyingqayizivele kwakukhona ukutholakala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, futhi kwahlukahluka nesakhiwo sembali. Leli gama elisha labizwa nge-V. Sinning, owayengumlimi waseJalimane eBenanical Garden eNyuvesi yaseBonn.
Kakade kamuva, izitshalo ze-botanist zanquma ukuthi kuyoba kuhle ukuhlukanisa i-gloxinia njengendlela enhle kakhulu yezitshalo ze-syning izitshalo, ngoba zonke izimpawu nemithetho yezitshalo kubonise lokhu. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi i-gloxinia kakade kakade abalimi abaningi nabathandi bezimbali zasendlini babe nesikhathi sokufunda futhi bathandane, futhi igama elidala elithi "gloxinium" liqinile ngempela emthini. NgesiJalimane, igama elithi Glocke lihunyushwe ngokuthi "insimbi", futhi ama-florets ku-gloxinia akhumbuza amabellane, ngakho-ke ama-amateurs ayenzima ukuphikisa ukufaneleka kwegama lesitshalo se-genus gloxinia.
Ezincwadini ezikhethekile lesi sitshalo sibizwa ngokuthi i-gloxinia hybrid noma i-gloxinium enhle, noma kunjalo, ilungelo labo lokuzalwa liyiloluhlobo lwe-syningia elihle. Ngokulungile - i-syningia inhle - wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi i-gloxinia enhle ibizwa ngokuthi yi-directory kuphela ye-botanical.
Izitshalo ze-Gloxinium: ukunakekelwa
Lezi zindlu zithanda ukukhanya, kodwa ukuthi zihlakazekile. Kungcono ukubeka izimbiza emafasiteleni asempumalanga noma entshonalanga. Ehlangothini oluseningizimu, izitshalo zibekwe eceleni kwamafasitela, ngakho-ke akukho ukukhanya okuqondile ukusuka elangeni. Kuphela kusukela ngoFebruwari kuze kufike ngoMeyi izinsuku izitshalo zingagcinwa ekukhanyeni okuvulekile.
I-Gloxinia - izitshalo ezithanda ukushisa. Awubekezeli ukushisa kwamazinga nokushisa. Izitshalo ziphendula kahle ngokushisa okufanayo. Ebusuku kufanele kube ngama-degrees angu-18, futhi emini - cishe ngo-22. Uma isikhathi sokuphumula sifika, izitshalo zidinga ukushisa kwama-10 noma ama-14.
Uma isikhathi sokukhula siqala, kufanele siphuze amanzi amaningi, okwakwazi ukuxazulula. Ukuvuselela kabusha kumele kwenziwe uma izingqimba eziphezulu zomhlaba zomile. Ukushisa kwamanzi kuxhomeke ekukhuleni kwezitshalo nokuthuthukiswa kwazo. Ezinyangeni zasebusika, kufanele kufudumele (cishe ama-degrees angu-22), ngaleso sikhathi akudingekile ukuphambanisa i-gloxinia. Uma kunenkathi yokuphumula, ukuchelela izitshalo kufanele kungavamile.
Ngenkathi yokudla yemifino ye-gloxinia (syningia), kudingekile umswakama okhulayo womoya, awukwazi ukubekezelela ukugxilisa amanzi phezu kwezimbali namaqabunga. Yingakho umoya ovela ku-sprayer uphonswa kuphela eduze nesitshalo ngokwawo. Ungafaka ibhodlela ngobumba obumanzi noma amatshe amatshe. Okuphansi akufanele kufinyelele emanzini.
Lapho izitshalo zifinyelela eminyakeni engama-4, zingakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside futhi ziqhakaze kakhulu: kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. Ngalesi sikhathi isitshalo sinika amakhulu amahle amahle, kaningi ngesikhathi esifanayo, sihluma izimbali ezingu-15. Ukuze le nkathi ihlale isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukusika ama-pedicels ahlotshisiwe.
Ku-Synning, isikhathi sokuphumula sisho ngokucacile. Ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sesiphelile, manzi kancane. Lapho amaqabunga ephela, izilimo eziyizigaxa zishiywe emhlabathini, kanti izinga lokushisa ekwindla nasebusika akufanele likhuphuke ezingaphezu kuka-14 degrees. Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka uhlole izilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo. Uma bephikisana kakhulu, khona-ke badinga ukuphuziswa, kodwa hhayi njalo. Uma isitshalo silungelwe ukuba itshalwe ekamelweni, isibonakaliso sokuqala sokulungela ukutshala ukubonakala kwezinso ezilimo eziyizigaxa. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebruwari, lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa kumele zitshalwe bese zitshala futhi, emva kokuhlanzwa, ezweni elungisiwe. Izimbiza kufanele zibe, cishe, 13-cm. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezijulile kufanele zibe yize izinso zimbozwe ngamasentimitha omhlaba, okumele zibandakanye umhlaba onamagatsha, i-peat - ingxenye, isihlabathi esincane. Emva kokutshala leli zwe liphuziswa, libeke ekukhanyeni, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-20 g.
Isibalo sezilimo eziyizigaxa sincike ngobukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ezimweni zegumbi kungcono ukushiya amahlumela amabili noma eyodwa, eyathuthuka kakhulu. Ukupha isitshalo kumele kuqale kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqhutshwa kuze ku-Agasti. Umquba kufanele ube ne-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen ethile. Unganisela isitshalo kanye nemvelo, isibonelo, ukumnika okuhlanjululwe kwamanzi ne-mullein. Kodwa i-nitrogen ingaholela ekubunjweni kwezimbali ezincane namaqabunga amabi, lokhu akulungile ukuhlobisa isitshalo.
Ukuvumelanisa (gloxinia) kungasakazwa yizimbewu, kanye nama-cuttings weqabunga. Ukuvumelanisa kufakazelwa kuphela ngosizo lwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukunqotshwa yi-spider mite, i-whitefly ne-scutellum. Ngokuvamile lesi sitshalo sibhekene nokuhlasela kwe-mealybug.