Ukwelashwa kokuqala kuqala kanjani? Ekuthuthukiseni kwayo, izigaba ezintathu ziyahlukahluka.
Isigaba esisodwa - i-allergen yokuqala ingena emzimbeni. Ngendlela ye-allergen, noma yini engayenza: ukudla, izinwele zezilwane, impova yezimila zezimbali, amakhemikhali asekhaya, izimonyo. Amaseli omzimba omzimba aqaphela lezi zinto njengabantu abangaziwa, futhi aqale ukukhiqizwa kwamagciwane. Ama-antibodies amasha asanda kumiswa angalinda ukuxhumana okulandelayo ne-allergen phakathi nonyaka, ngokunamathela kuma-cell e-obese ngaphansi kwama-membrane nama-epithelial tissues.
Isigaba sesibili - i-allergen yesibili ingena emzimbeni. Ama-antibodies ayaphendula, futhi avuse indlela yokuvula amangqamuzana omzimba kanye nokukhululwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo (i-serotonin, i-histamine nabanye). Lezi yizinto ezibangela izimpawu eziyinhloko zokwelapha (nazo zibizwa nangokuthi ama-hormones angama-inflammatory noma abalamuleli bokuvuvukala).
Isiteji sesithathu ukuphendula okweqile ngokwayo. Ngenxa yokukhululwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo, i-vasodilation iqala, ukungena kwamathissi kuyaqina, i-edema iqala, ukuvuvukala kuqala. Ezimweni ezimbi, ukuphazamiseka kwe-anaphylactic kungase kwenzeke - ukwehla okukhulu kwegazi ngenxa ye-vasodilation eqinile.
I-allergenosis enhle kunazo zonke ihlukaniswe ngamafomu alula futhi asindayo. Amafomu okukhanya ahlanganisa:
* I-allergenic rhinitis - ukuvuvukala kwebhande elimangcwaba, ngenxa yalokho okushiwo ikhala, ukuphefumula kunzima, ukuxuma, ukufihla kwamanzi okucwiliswa kwamanzi, ukuvutha komlilo ku-pharynx.
* i-conjunctivitis ye-allergen - ukukhala, i-eyelidi i-edema, ubomvu, umjovo we-conjunctiva (izitsha ezisesweni ziyabonakala), photophobia, ukwehlukaniswa kwegebe leso.
* i-urticaria yangakini - isikhumba simbozwe ngamabhanti aphikisiwe, sinesizinda esicukile futhi sakhuphuka emaphethelweni, ukubonakala kwesilingo esinzima.
Amafomu aqinile we-OAS afaka:
* I-urticaria ejwayelekile - yonke indawo yesikhumba ihlanganiswe amabhulashi aphikisiwe, futhi konke lokhu kuhambisane nokushaywa komzimba wonke.
* U-Edema Quincke - ukuvuvukala njengezikhumba kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi, kanye nezibungu ezinamaqanda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-edema yamajoyina, i-tract yamathunjini kanye ne-larynx ingaqala. Nge-edema yesigcawu sesisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nobuhlungu besisu kuqala. Uma i-edema laryngeal ibonakala ikhwehlela, ukukhipha kungase kuqale.
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Anaphylactic - ukucindezeleka kwegazi, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu (ukushaqeka ukukhanya) noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (ukushaqeka okukhulu), i-edema ye-laryngeal nokuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuvutha okukhulu, i-urticaria yehle kakhulu. Kubonakala ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emihlanu yokuqala emva kokuxhumana ne-allergen.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe bavame ukuhlushwa imifantu, i-rhinitis ye-allergen ne-edema ka-Quincke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umama enesifo somzimba, ingabe ukungezwani komzimba akuveli ebusweni (ukufinyeleleka kuma-antibodies ngokusebenzisa i-placenta kuvaliwe), kodwa ingane ishintshe isimo somama ngesimo sokukhubazeka kwegazi ku-fetus kokubili ngaphansi kwe-allerergosis nangaphansi kwemiphumela yezilonda eziphikisayo.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha isifo sofuba ukuphela kokuphumelela nokuphephile kwezimpawu zakhe. Endabeni yokukhulelwa - ngaphandle kwezingozi zemiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa ekuthuthukiseni i-fetus. Ekutholeni kokuqala ukubhekana nokwelashwa kuyadingeka ukubhekana nomuntu ongenalutho, ngisho noma isimo se-OAZ sasihlala isikhathi esifushane. Phela konke, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kanye nokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwe-allergic allergen kuyinto yokuntuleka okuphelele kokuxhumana ne-allergen. Ukutholakala kwalo, kuqhutshwa izifundo ezihlukahlukene: izinga lama-anti-gciwane e-IgE egazini lihlolwe futhi livivinywa ukuhlolwa kwe-scarification (isixazululo esilungiselelwe ngesisekelo sezilwane eziyaziwayo senziwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngesamba esincane futhi umzimba uphendukela kuso uma kuvela noma kungabumbwanga ukuvuvukala emzimbeni ).
Yiziphi izenzo ezidingeka kakhulu uma kwenzeka i-OAS? Okokuqala, uma wazi i-allergen yakho - ungavumeli ukuxhumana nayo, noma ususe umphumela wayo kuwe. Emva kwalokhu, buza udokotela. Uma ukubonisana kungenakwenzeka ngenxa yalokho, khona-ke kukhona uhlu lwezidakamizwa ze-antiallergenic.
Imithi elwa ne-antigengenic iphakathi kwezizukulwane ezimbili. Isizukulwane sokuqala se-H2-histaminblockers ngu:
I-Suprastin (i-chlorpyrramidine) - ngenkathi ukwelashwa ukuphendula okunamandla kwegazi kungathathwa ngisho nabesifazane abakhulelwe.
I-Pipolphen (i-piperacillin) - inomsebenzi ophezulu we-antihistaminic, ine-sedative, hypnotic, antipsychotic, antiemetic, effect hypothermic, futhi ayifuni kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
I-Allertec (i-cytiserin) - ivimbela i-histamine H1-receptor ye-peripheral, uma isetshenzisiwe ingabangeli ukuguquka futhi iyamukeleka emzimbeni wesibili nowesithathu wabesifazane abakhulelwe.
I-Tavegil (i-klemastin) - isiza ukunciphisa i-edema, ikhulula ukubiza ithusi futhi isisiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemisipha. Endabeni yokukhulelwa, ingasetshenziswa kuphela lapho kusongelwa ngokuqondile empilweni yesiguli, futhi azikho ezinye izidakamizwa.
Isizukulwane sesibili sama-H2-histaminoblockers yi:
I-Claritin (i-loratadine) - isetshenziselwa ukuqeda izimpawu ezihlobene ne-rhinitis ye-allergen kanye ne-conjunctivitis ye-allergenic, uma kwenzeka ukukhulelwa kungasetshenziswa kuphela uma ingozi yokuziphendulela komzimba ingaphezu kokuthatha umuthi. Kodwa lokhu ingozi ihlolwe kuphela udokotela.
Isizukulwane sesithathu se-H2-histoblockers
I-Fexadine (i-fexofenadine) - igxilise izibilini zamaselini amancane futhi iyanciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-histamine kubo, umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwayo uyaqhubeka amahora angu-24, awunayo i-cardiotoxicity, sedation, ayithinti ukuphendula kwengqondo, futhi iphikisana nokukhulelwa. Ungamiswa udokotela kuphela uma usongela ukuphila komama.
Ngimiphi imithi engingayithatha nge-allergies? Into ebaluleke kakhulu akusiyo ukuzama ukuphatha ukungezwani komzimba, kodwa ukubonisana nochwepheshe, thola uhlobo lwezilwane, bese uzama ukuwagwema ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.