Abacwaningi bokuhlolwa kokubeletha babiza ukuhlolwa okuhlangene, izinqubo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa ezivumela ukubona izinkinga ezingezansi ezinganeni (Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, i-neural tube defect) nokufunda isakhiwo somzimba wakhe nezicubu ezizungezile. Yiqiniso, ukuthi kunezilinganiso ezinembile kangakanani, ulwazi oluthembekile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhlola okufanayo, udinga ukuphendukela kubachwepheshe bangempela usizo. Uhlobo luni lwe "izithelo" lokhu, ukuhlola, futhi nokuthi lisetshenziswe kanjani ukuthi uzofunda esihlokweni esihlokweni esithi "Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha, imiphumela yokuhlola".
Ngokusho kwezincomo ze-World Health Organization, izinkomba zokutadisha okunjalo zingabangela izizathu eziningi:
- izifo ezithathelwanayo emndenini oseduze;
- okungenani ukukhipha izisu ezimbili ngokuzenzakalelayo emibhalweni yokuqala;
- ukudluliselwa kwebhaktheriya, ukutheleleka kwegciwane (isb., isibindi, i-rubella, i-herpes, i-cytomegalovirus);
- iminyaka yobudala besifazane emva kweminyaka engama-35-39;
- ukuvezwa kwemisebe noma eminye imiphumela eyingozi kumunye womshado ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
Kodwa, akukho isiqondiso ekuhlaziyeni nase-ultrasound, ngisho nemiphumela yabo eyalandela, kusho ukuthi ngokuqinisekile ukukhubazeka kuzokhula. Isibonelo, ngokuphathelene nobudala, izibalo zithi okuphambene. Njengoba nje kuqhathaniswa nesithombe esihle sokukhulelwa, kungenzeka ukuthi inkinga yanda kancane. Ngakho unakekele isimiso sakho sezinzwa futhi ulungiselele ukuzalwa komntwana ophilile ngokuphelele.
Yini ehlanganisiwe esifundweni?
Kuhlolwe isonto lama-10-13 lokukhulelwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundo ezifanayo ku-trimester yesibili, kuthathwa njengenembile kakhulu, nephesenti elincane lemiphumela emibi. Ngesizo sohlelo olukhethekile lwekhompiyutha evumela ukuthi ubale ingozi ehlangene ye-chromosomal engavamile yentuthuko ye-fetal, ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi le-biochemical owesifazane kanye ne-ultrasound, ochwepheshe bahlola isimo somncane. Zonke izinyathelo zithatha amahora angu-2-2.5 kuphela. Ngesikhathi se-ultrasound, udokotela uyonquma futhi afake ohlwini lwemibuzo ngobukhulu be-coccyx kuya komqhele (CTE), ubukhulu besikhala se-collar - i-fold collar, indawo yokuqoqwa kwe-fluid yangaphakathi (TBP). Lezi zimingcele zizovumela ukunquma ngokunokwenzeka ngangokunokwenzeka isikhathi sokukhulelwe, ukukhulelwa okuningi kanye nohlobo lwaso, okubaluleke kakhulu ekubonweni okufanele kokukhulelwa okunjalo, kanye nezimpawu ezingekho ngqo zokuphulwa kokukhula komntwana. Yonke idatha ingenwe ohlwini lwemibuzo futhi iyacatshangelwa ekuhloleni okuqhubekayo. Ukuba nemiphumela ye-ultrasound, ungakwazi ukunikela ngegazi. Ukuhlaziywa kwama-laboratories e-biochemical kwenziwa ngabachwepheshe ukuze kucatshangelwe izinkomba ezilandelayo:
- i-beta subunit yama-chorionic gonadotropin yabantu (i-beta-hCG). Leyunithi eyingqayizivele inquma ukuthi i-hCG i-hCG - i-hormone ekhethekile yokukhulelwa eyenza amangqamuzana e-chorion (igobolondo le-embryo).
- i-whey protein ethile (i-PA-PP-A), ehileleke ekubunjweni komzimba wokuvikela omzimba, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-placenta. Ukucubungula imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-ultrasound, udokotela udinga ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nowesifazane.
Isisindo somzimba, izidakamizwa ezithathwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibhema ngaphambi kokukhulelwa - konke lokhu kanye nedatha eminye kuthathwa ngokucubungula ekuhloleni i-trimester yokuqala. Njengoba sinikeze ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nomama nomntwana, i-geneticist izonikeza izincomo. Manje siyazi ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokubeletha kuyini, imiphumela yokuhlaziya ibonisa konke ngokucacile okukhulu.