Lokhu kukhonjelwa okusheshayo komthambo kanye nesistimu yayo yezinzwa kwenza kube yingozi kakhulu, ngisho nezinguquko ezincane ezakhiweni zamathambo ezigulini zomgogodla. Izazi ze-neuropathologists zibiza ngokuthi "umshini ongathandeki ngokweqile ezimweni zokucwaninga." Ukuhlukumezeka kwe-plexus ye-nerve kungenzeka ngenxa yokulimala komshini, ukuhlukunyezwa kwemisipha kanye nemisipha, ukukhula okungekho komzimba, ukuhlukunyezwa nokusabalalisa kwangaphakathi, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okuhlanganyelwe kwe-intervertebral.
Ngacabanga izindlela ezintathu ezikhona zethonya lomgogodla olushintshiwe ekubunjweni kwezinzwa zegazi kanye nokusakaza kwe-cerebral:
1) ukucasuka kwesikhwama sezinzwa (ngaphandle kokuhlukumezeka nokucindezeleka), okubangela ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kokuphendula;
2) imiphumela emibi kakhulu emkhunjini, ukucindezela noma ukuphazanyiswa kobuqotho, ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuthinta isimo sokujikeleza;
3) imiphumela ephazamisayo yesikhathi eside emkhunjini, okubangela ekuthuthukiseni inqubo ye-atherosclerotic ngokubunjwa kwamacwecwe, okusho ukuthi kuthinta uhlelo lokujikeleza ezitsheni zobuchopho.
Ngokukhuthazwa kwamandla kwengxenye elandelanayo, i-spasm iqala endaweni ye-axillo-atlanto-occipital. Lo mnyango, ovame ukuba ngumthwalo ophakeme kakhulu, ungumkhakha we-spasmogenic. Ngendlela yokuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa, kubalulekile ukucabangela amathuba okukhokha okutholakala ngegazi lokuhlinzeka ngegazi. Ukuntuleka kokugeleza kwegazi, okubangelwa ukuphoqa, kungakhokhiswa yi:
1) ukwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi komthambo wokubala;
2) i-retroastoidal anastomosis;
3) ngokusebenzisa imicibisholo yokuxhuma emva kokuhamba komjikelezo we-Willis.
Ukugeleza kwegazi okuphefumula akukhona kuzo zonke izimo ezilingana ngokulingana ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zesimo se-anatomical and functional esakhiweni sezitsha. Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwazinikela enkingeni yokulimala kwengqondo kusukela ngekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina. Abacwaningi bagcizelela ukuthambekela okukhethekile enkambeni yokusebenza emgodini wesibeletho. Lapho ingane isusiwe, umthwalo osindayo uwela kuso. Lokhu kusetshenziswe yizici zezindlela: ukujikeleza kwekhanda ngamagxa afanelekile, ukudonsa ikhanda ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, ukuvikela i-perineum ngokumelene nokwasemuva kwemizamo eqhubekayo, ukudlulisa ingane. Akuyona into eyingozi kakhulu okwakuyisikhathi somshuwalense we-perineum ngokulandelana kwemizamo eqhubekayo. Kodwa lo mzuzu ekubelethweni ngokuvamile uholela ekusweleni imilayezo ye-cervico-occipital enganeni! Futhi noma ngabe umzimba womuntu ozelweyo ubhekane nale nkinga encane, ngemva kweminyaka engama-6-8 emva kokubeletha, lapho ingane iqala ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ekuvezeni nge-anteflexia yekhanda, lapho ingane iqala ukulungiselela isikole futhi yenza noma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi ocacile, kuvela ukuthi umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho ungabonakali !! !! Imisipha kule minyaka isesibuthakathaka, futhi imilayezo ye-cervico-occipital isethelwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho - i-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho izoqala ukuxubana. Ekuhlolweni kwe-X-ray, lokhu kubonakala yizitebhisi-njengokungena kwe-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho ngendlela ye-pseudospendilolisthesis. Konke lokhu, ngisho nezinkinga ezincane kangaka, kubangela ingozi yokulimala komgogodla okwenzeka emgodini wezinqubo ezithintekayo ze-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho.
Ngenxa yezinqubo eziphuthumayo eziphuthumayo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-vertebrobasilar kungancishiswa okwesikhashana ngenxa yokugeleza kwegazi kusuka ohlelweni. Noma kunjalo, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphansi kwethonya lokucindezeleka kwengqondo, ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba, izimo ezicindezelayo, ukuchithwa kwe-cerebral hemodynamics kungenzeka. Ezimweni ezinzima, zibonakalisa njengezinsizwa, izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-vegetative-vascular, i-vestibular disorders ehambisana nesifo-esingenakutholakala kwe-vascular cerebral vascular disability. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhluleka ukukhokhela i-cerebral hemodynamics kungabangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwe-cerebral circulation kuze kuthuthukiswe isifo sochungechunge lwe-cerebral ischemic.
Ngisho nenkambo yokuzalwa ngokwemvelo, ngenxa yezici ezikhethekile zendlela yokuvimbela izifo, ingaba nzima ngokudlulisa izixhobo zomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho, okuholela ekutheni isimo se-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho singabi khona. Kulezi zimo, ingozi ingase ifinyelele ngisho nasengozini encane yokufuywayo ekhaya noma ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, okuholela ekuxhasweni kwe-vertebrae nokucindezelwa kwe-PA. Ngomtholampilo, lokhu kubonakala njengesifo sokugulisa umgogodla noma ukucindezelwa komgogodla. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo kungahle kwenzeke ephusheni, ngokuphenduka okungaqondakali kwekhanda noma emva kokunye okubheka ngaphezulu kwekhanda esifundweni semfundo yomzimba. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kukhona ukwephulwa okungafani kokusindiswa kwemisipha ye-paravertebral ezingeni le-vertebrae elilimazayo, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni i-paresis e-flaccid yengalo nengalo yehlombe, ehambisana ne-lag emisipha ekukhuleni. Kukhona ukuncishiswa kwalezi zinhlanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nemisipha yecala eliphilile, elibonakaliswa yi-asymmetry yokuma kwamahlombe ehlombe kanye nebhande lehlombe kanye nokwakheka kwe-scoliosis.
Ubuthakathaka bezinsimbi zomgogodla womkhuhlane wesibeletho kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziphazamisayo ezinkingeni ze-intervertebral, ezingeni lama-vertebrae ahlukumezekile, ziholela osteochondrosis yangaphambili yomlomo wesibeletho. Ukuze ubone izingane ezisengozini ngenxa yokucindezeleka kokubeletha okubambezeleka, udinga ukwazi izimpawu eziningi, kuhlangene nesifo se-syndrome esingenalutho (CMS) nesifo se-miatonic. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi zivele njengomphumela wokulimala komlomo wesibeletho futhi zihlale impilo, kube yisibonakaliso somonakalo emgodini wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho. Isisindo sokuqala esiyinkimbinkimbi - i-CMS syndrome, empeleni, yinciphisa ye-flaccid paraparesis yezinyathelo ezingenhla futhi ivela ngenxa yesilonda esingenabungozi yokuqina komlomo wesibeletho somgogodla. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwemitholampilo, i-radiological, i-syphomiographic, i-REG ne-DG-izindlela kwenza kube lula ukuxilonga ngokunembile, ngisho nasendabeni yezinhlobo ezingezakhiwe ezihlotshaniswa ukulimala kwentamo.
Indima yentuthuko yezintamo ku-pathogenis of eye disorders
Umqondo ohlongozwayo uhlobanisa ubuthakathaka bemisipha ye-ciliary, eyaziwa ukuthi i-parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation, ne-ischemia ye-autonomic centre ephakeme endaweni yesimo se-postpot hypothalamus, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuphazamiseka okuyisithupha kwe-hemodynamics emgodini kanye nemithambo ye-orbital echaphazela ukunikezwa kwegazi kwemisipha yokuhlala ngokwabo. Ukuze sichaze i-pathogenesis yezinkinga zokuhlala, sifunde ukugeleza kwegazi ku-VBB nase-ICA ezinganeni eziseduze nezinokukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene komsebenzi wokuhlala. Izindinganiso ezifanele zokugeleza kwegazi kwevolumu yesitsha se-carotid zanciphisa kakhulu ezinganeni zalawo maqembu amathathu. Manje uyazi ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlukunyezwa komgogodla wesibeletho.