Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi imikhuba emibi, njengotshwala, i-nicotine, izidakamizwa zithinta kakhulu inzalo. Ithonya elibi lemikhuba emibi ezinganeni ezizayo liqala ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Umthelela wemikhuba emibi kubangela izinkinga ezehlukene ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Le nqola ye-placenta, ukuphuma kwegazi, ukuchithwa kwesikhumba - lokhu konke kwenzeka ezimweni ezimbi noma ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukubhema kunamuphi umphumela kule nzalo?
Ngokwezibalo, abesifazane ababhemayo banamathuba amaningi okukhulelwa kwesisu noma ukuzalwa kwengane efile kunabangewokubhema. I-Nicotine ingena kalula e-placenta, engabangela ukuthuthukiswa "kwegwayi syndrome" ebusweni. Kubonakala ukuthi ukubhema nsuku zonke kuphazamisa ukunyakaza kokuphefumula kombungu. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwephuleni ukuvuthwa okufanele kwesistimu yokuphefumula.
I-Nicotine ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yebele, okuhlinzekela indawo yengane kanye ne-fetus ngokwayo ngemikhiqizo ebalulekile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugeleza kwegazi ku-placenta kuphukile, ukungakwazi kahle kwe-placental kukhula, lo fetus ngokwawo alutholi okwanele okwanele ne-nutrients. Ngokuvamile abesifazane ababhema abesifazane, abantwana bazalwa benesibonakaliso se-hypotrophy (intrauterine growth delay).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala ukuthi i-nicotine ithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane (ngengqondo nangokwenyama). Ingane ivame ukugula, inesisindo esincane, ikhula kabi ngengqondo-ngokomzwelo. Amantombazane ikakhulukazi ababhemayo bangakwazi ukutheleleka ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, bangene emaphethelweni okuphefumula. Izingane ezinjalo zivame ukugula izikhathi ezingu-6 nge-pneumonia, i-bronchitis, i-asthma ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kunabantwana abangabhemi bomama.
I-hormone yokubhema ayinakho emithonjeni ye-endocrine ye-hormonal, ekhokhelwa uhlelo lwe-endocrine lwe-fetus. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwamathambo kuncipha ebusweni, kanti amaprotheni nawo ahlupheka. Ukungalingani kwama-hormonal kwabazali kule nzalo izuzwe njengefa.
Futhi kuthinta ukubhema okungahambi kahle kumama kanye nesisu (hlala ukhulelwe egumbini elibhemayo). Lokhu kungabangela indlala ye-oksijeni ye-fetal, noma yizinga elincane.
Inzalo iyithinta kanjani utshwala
Ithonya elikhulu kunazo zonke enzalweni likhiqizwa ngumkhuba onjalo oyingozi njengokusebenzisa utshwala.
Utshwala ngokushesha ungene emgodleni kuya emntwaneni, okudala umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni wayo. Utshwala luwela ezinqamuzaneni zamaselula ezizungezile amangqamuzana obulili futhi kunciphise inqubo yokuvuthwa kwazo. Ngenxa yalokho, izixhobo zezofuzo (isakhiwo samangqamuzana wesondo) zonakalisiwe, okubangela ukuba inzalo izalwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthuthukiswa. Ukuthinta inzalo yotshwala ngokuvamile kuba imbangela yamaphutha, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukubeletha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa engqondweni nangokomzimba kwezingane kuphazanyiswa, futhi lokhu kuyinto evamile kakhulu. Futhi, umphumela wotshwala uholela ekwephukeni kwenzalo yesimiso semisipha, ubuchopho, isibindi, izigulane ze-endocrine. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhubazeka okuningi kwe-fetal kukhula, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokungahambisani nokuphila. Kusukela emiphumeleni yotshwala, okokuqala, i-fetus ihlushwa ebuchosheni, yilezo zakhiwo eziphethe umsebenzi wengqondo. Izingane eziningi ezizalwa kumama ophuzayo zinamaphutha e-craniofacial. Le microcephaly (inqunyiwe ikhanda shape), ebunzini eliphansi, strabismus, imifantu emincane iso, impumulo emfushane eguqulwayo, umlomo omkhulu, umhlathi omncane ongathuthuki. Lezi zibonakaliso zihambisana nezinkinga zamalungu ezitho zangasese, ukuma okungavamile kwesifuba, ukulimala kwamazinyo okungalungile,
Inzalo ibenithonya kanjani emithini yezidakamizwa
Amantombazane azalwe ngabazali abasebenzisa izinto ezinamahloni ngokuvamile anezinkinga zempilo. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga yengane enesibindi, isisu, uhlelo lokuphefumula, inhliziyo. Amacala amaningi okukhubazeka ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi yemilenze, abikiwe. Umntanakho uphazamiseka ngumsebenzi wobuchopho, futhi ngenxa yalokho, i-psychosis, ukukhubazeka kwememori, ama-degrees ahlukahlukene okuthiwa yi-dementia, njll, kubonakala. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zezidakamizwa zivame ukukhala, azibekezeleli imisindo ebukhali, ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kunesifo esincane kakhulu.