Ukuxilongwa kwe-Ultrasound ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa

Ukuzalwa kwengane kuyisimangaliso! Kubazali abaningi, ukukhulelwa kuyimfihlakalo engcwele ephethe umhlaba ophilayo. Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe-apparatus ye-ultrasound (i-ultrasound), ukuzalwa kwengane kwakuhambisana nesipho sekusasa - awukwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi ngubani ozozalwa. Umfana noma intombazane, ingane enempilo noma cha. Kodwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa kuphendula imibuzo eminingi yabazali nodokotela.

Iyini i-ultrasound esetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Ngekhulu lama-21, abazali akudingeki balinde izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ukubona ingane yabo. Ngenxa yokuxilongwa kwansuku zonke kwe-ultrasound, umhlangano osalinde isikhathi eside ungenzeka ngesikhathi ukhulelwe. Yiqiniso, eminyakeni yamuva, abazali bebafuni ukwazi ubulili bomntwana ongakazalwa. Ngakho, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuzalwa nentombazane, kanye nomfana, kanye nezingane eziningana. Nokho, lokhu akusona isizathu sokunqaba ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound! Ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Yini enye ewusizo kakhulu ekucwaningweni okuhleliwe, ngaphandle kokugculisa ilukuluku lamama, abesilisa nezihlobo eziningi?

Ukuxilongwa ngosizo lwe-ultrasound ngesikhathi esifushane kwaba yinto edingekayo lapho uhlola wonke owesifazane okhulelwe. I-Apparatus ultrasound manje isemadolobheni amancane, nawo wonke ama-consulting abesifazane. Inzuzo eyinhloko yocwaningo olunjalo yindatha ethembekile ekuthuthukiseni i-fetus ngaphandle kokwenza noma yimuphi umonakalo nokungahambi kahle kokubili. Isimiso sokusebenza kwamadivaysi e-ultrasound silula ngokwanele: inzwa egibele esiswini isithumela izimpawu ezibuthakathaka ukuthi, ukudlula kwesibeletho, i-fetus, i-placenta kubonakala kancane futhi ithumele izimpawu zokuphendula eziboniswe esikrinini sokuqapha. Amagagasi acatshangelwayo angahlukaniswa ngombala: izicubu ezinamafu (amathambo) - amhlophe, amathanga alula - igrey, amniotic fluid - abamnyama, ngoba i-ultrasound ivulekile. Ngesisekelo salokhu kuthunyelwa, ikhompiyutha ikhiqiza ulwazi ngokusho ukuthi udokotela uhlola isimo somntwana futhi uthatha intuthuko yayo esikhathini esizayo.

Ezingxoxweni nasezingxoxweni mayelana nokuqondisisa kwe-ultrasound ukuxilongwa zonke izingxabano "ngokumelene" zixhaswa yiqiniso elilandelayo: ngaphambili ukwephulwa kutholakala ekuthuthukiseni i-fetus, okunye nemiphumela emincane yengane nokulondolozwa kwempilo yomama kungalungiswa okuthile. Maye, ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokukhubazeka ezinganeni, kungavela ngokungazelelwe ngezikhathi ezihlukene zokukhulelwa. Futhi ngokuhlolwa okuvamile kwangaphandle komuntu wesifazane, ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa komtholampilo, isithombe esiqondile salokho okwenzekayo akukwenziwa.

Izindlela zanamuhla ze-ultrasound

Emtholampilo wanamuhla, izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound zikhula nsuku zonke. Ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunikeza odokotela nabazali amathuba amaningi okuqinisekisa ukuzalwa nokubukeka kwezingane ezinempilo. Uma ngabe isiguli sasihlolwe ngaphandle nje kuphela, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa inzwa yesisindo namuhla. Lokhu kungukusindiswa kwangempela ezimweni lapho umntwana ejulile khona noma owesifazane okhuluphele kakhulu.

I-sensor engapheli noma ende encane isetshenziselwa ngezigaba zakuqala zokukhulelwa. Inamandla amakhulu we-ultrasonic, kodwa yandisa ukwethembeka nobubanzi bemiphumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sasivame ukunganelisekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesithombe esicacile sezitho ezisemqoka kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba wengane embala omnyama nomhlophe (2D). Manje abazali bangakhetha ukuxilongwa kwe-3D noma kwe-4D ukuze ku-dynamics, ngesithombe sombala, bahlolisise kahle izindlalifa zabo. Yini esingayisho ngokubaluleka kokuxilonga ukugeleza kwegazi kwe-placenta, ukujikeleza kwegazi kwe-fetal, ukugcwala kwe-oksijeni, okwaba yinkambiso yenqubo ye-Doppler (uhlobo lwe-ultrasound).

Ukuzama ukuthatha yonke imizuzu, ukuqala ngezindaba ezijabulisayo kusukela ekukhulelwe kuze kube sekuzalweni kwe-crumb, awusadingeki ukuhlukumeze izimpumelelo zanamuhla. Akudingeki ukuba wenze ama-ultrasound kaningi ukuze uthole izithombe zengane noma ividiyo ngezindlela zakhe esiswini sakho. Ngempela, ngokucacile, udokotela angakwazi ukwandisa amandla esignali nokubuka isikhathi. Cabanga, okokuqala, mayelana nempilo nokuphepha kwengane.

Imigomo kanye nobude bokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuye kwasungulwa ngokomthetho. Inqubo yenziwa imizuzu engama-30 ngokuqina okuyisiginali esilawulwayo kanye nohla lwemisebe. Lesi sikhathi sanele kokubili udokotela nabazali. Futhi ngesithombe senkumbulo, nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komama nengane. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, udokotela ngeke abonakalise ukwehlukana okungenzeka nje kuphela, kodwa futhi angakwazi ukubikezela ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuzoqhubeka kanjani.

Udokotela kumele:

• Ukubona nokuqinisekisa ukuqala kokukhulelwa ngezigaba zakuqala.

• Ukuthola ukukhulelwa okuningi, ukuze ulungiselele ngengqondo abazali, unikeze amathuba ezemali futhi ubekezele izingane ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

• Bala isikhathi esiqondile somntwana kanye nosuku olulindelekile lokulethwa.

• Ukuhlola ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic naseziqenjini zokuqala ukulungisa isimo ngaphandle kokungenelela okunzulu okukhulu.

• Ukudalula ukwelashwa kwenkambo yokukhulelwa - inqola ye-placenta, usongo lokuphazanyiswa, ithoni yesisu kanye nezinye izici zokugcina ukukhulelwa.

• Ukubona amaphutha okuthuthukiswa kwe-fetus futhi uhlole izinga lawo (ukungalingani nempilo noma isidingo sokwelashwa).

• Cabanga ngezici zokuzalwa - ubuningi be-fetus, isethulo, isimo sezintambo, i-cuff, nosuku lokuzalwa.

• Thola ubulili bomntwana.

Izimpawu zokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Uluhlu oluthe xaxa lwolwazi, udokotela ayenalo ngemva kwe-ultrasound, lwenza kube lula ukungenzi lutho ngokungaqondakali, njengokungathi ukwenqaba umama kulezi zifundo. Khona-ke isinyathelo esisodwa esingalungile singenza umonakalo omkhulu kunesikhathi sokukhanya kwe-ultrasonic. Futhi uma kunikezwa iseluleko sokuxilongwa nge-ultrasound mayelana nesimo sempilo, khona-ke ngeke kube khona ukwenqaba.

Izifo ezingapheli kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene zegazi, lapho ukubonisana nge-geneticist kuyadingeka.

• Esimweni samacala, ngisho nangenxa yesigcawu segazi sokukhulelwa kwesisu, ukuguqulwa kwesisu, ukukhubazeka noma izifo zokuzalwa. Ukwenza lokhu, kuzodingeka uthathe ukuhlolwa kwegazi olwengeziwe ukuze uveze amathuba okuthuthukisa isifo somntwana.

• Uma ukhuluma ngokukhulelwa, usebenze ekukhiqizeni kwamakhemikhali okulimazayo noma ekamelweni le-X-ray.

• Ukuphulwa okusolakala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Enye inzuzo enkulu ye-ultrasound ukulondolozwa kokukhulelwa okungadingeki. Kuncane okushiwo ngalokhu, kodwa uma owesifazane engakabeki ekuqaleni ukushintsha, ngenxa yezimo ezihlukahlukene kunqunywa ukuphazamisa ukukhulelwa. Kodwa, lapho ezwe ukugodla kwenhliziyo ye-crumb, ngemva kokubona umuntu wangempela wangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwakhe evela kumqapha, ushintsha umbono wakhe futhi abelethe!

Ingabe unempilo ngokuphelele?

Ngisho nabesifazane odokotela abanempilo enhle bancoma ukuthi baxilongwe nge-ultrasound ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Uma wenze i-ultrasound, ngeke nje ube inshuwalense kuphela, kodwa ngisho nangemva kokubeletha ngeke ukhathazeke ngomntwana. Ukwesaba, ukuhlangenwe nakho nokuzwa ukucindezeleka okujulile kokukhulelwa kwenkinga akufanelekile. Imphumelelo yanamuhla yemithi, ukuziphatha kwakho okuzimele nokunakekela ingane, ngokulandela izincomo zikadokotela kuyoholela ekuthuthukiseni okuphumelelayo kwemicimbi. Azikho izimo ezimbi, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izifo eziningi ziphathwa futhi zilungiswe esibelethweni.

Ulwazi olungenakubuyiselwa mayelana nezingozi ze-ultrasound, eklanyelwe ukuheha isithakazelo emithonjeni ethile yolwazi, hhayi nje kuphela ongenakho ukucwaninga kulo, kodwa nezizathu ezisemthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesihluku futhi kuyinhlanhla, ngoba kungabangela owesifazane okhulelwe, ukucindezela umqondo wokwenqaba, kubangele bahlukunyezwe ngemibuzo mayelana nempilo yengane, bathathe isikhathi esiyigugu sokulungiswa kwesifo esivela kamuva. Qaphela ukuthi i-ultrasound yenza kancane kancane izinga lokushisa kwezicubu futhi azibandakanyi nemiphumela emibi. Kusukela ngesikhathi sezindaba ezijabulisayo mayelana nokuvela komntwana, okuningi kuzoxhomeka esinqumweni somuntu wesifazane nendawo yakhe. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukwenza ngaphandle kokuqhathanisa - isibonelo, ukwenqaba ngokuphelele kusuka ku-ultrasound noma ukuqhuba i-ultrasound nje uma kwenzeka njalo ngenyanga.

Misa imiphumela ye-ultrasound

Uma ngesizathu esithile imiphumela yezifo zokuxilonga nge-ultrasound ibangela ukungabaza noma injabulo encane, zama kuqala ukuqonda amagama angavamile nawajwayelekile wena ngokwakho. Emva kwe-ultrasound kumbonisi wesifazane ozobonisana naye uzonikezwa ishidi nedatha, ongayicela ukuba uyenze ekutholeni okusondelene kwesigqila sabesifazane:

I-fetus - inombolo nomumo wengane yesikhathi esizayo (izinsana).

Isimiso - inhloko, i-pelvic, i-transverse, i-oblique, engazinzile. Ngemuva kwamaviki angu-30, ingane kufanele ihlale noma isivele isesikhathini esingaphambili. Kodwa uma ingane ingaphenduki ngosuku lokuzalwa, isigaba se-cearean sizokwenziwa.

I-fetomethri ye-fetus yilinganiso yekhanda ne-cerebellum, isisu, izinyathelo, i-tibia, inhliziyo.

Izimpawu zomthethosisekelo zesakhiwo se-fetus - isilinganiso sezinkomba zesibusiso ngesikhathi esinikeziwe kanye nezici zomthethosisekelo wabazali. Amaphutha avunyelwe.

Ingane ikhula ngokuphambene - incazelo yokulibaziseka okungenzeka ekuthuthukiseni i-intrauterine kanye nesifo sokulinda ukukhulelwa komntwana. Ngesibonakaliso esincane kakhulu, i-dopplerography kanye ne-cardiotocography zenziwe ngokungeziwe. Khona-ke ingane izobe isabonwa ngokuguquguquka njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, ukuze kungabikho ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ngokwengozi yezimo ezinokwenzeka.

Ubukhulu besikhala sekhalenda abukho ngaphezu kwe-2.5 - 3 mm ngesonto le-12. Uma ngaphezulu, bayoqhuba i-anamnesis, isilingo se-alpha-fetoprotein, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusuka emthonjeni we-umbilical. Ukukhipha noma ukuqinisekisa izifo ze-chromosomal.

Ukufakwa kwentamo yensimbi yomzimba - kunqunywe noma cha, ngenxa yamaqhinga nokuphathwa kokuzalwa. Ngakho-ke, isibonakaliso asibaluleki neze.

I-heart rate ye-Fetal yizintambo ezingu-110 kuya kwezingu-180 ngomzuzu ekukhulelwe kokuqala futhi yehla kuya ku-120-160 ngesikhathi sokuqala komsebenzi.

Uma, ngemuva kokumisa imininingwane, akukho ukuthulisa, kungcono ukuxhumana nomunye ochwepheshe futhi uthole umsindo wokulala. Gxila kulabo abavunyelwe yiMnyango wezeMpilo weHlelo lakho lezwe le-ultrasound ehleliwe, ubufakazi besazi esikubona, impilo yakho siqu. Inhliziyo yomama kanye nokufunda ngeke kuchithe, kodwa kuzokwenza imizamo eningi yokuthola ingane enempilo futhi ejabulisayo yesikhathi esizayo!

Yenza ukuskena kwe-ultrasound ngesikhathi

Ukusheshisa ukwenza i-ultrasound akusadingeki, uma nje odokotela bengasincoma lokhu kuze kube amasonto ayishumi okukhulelwa. Ingabe ufuna ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ngaphambili? Uzoqinisekiswa kuphela ngokukhulelwa futhi unqume inani lezithelo (ezincane noma cha). Ngaphandle kwezizathu ezinzima, noma kunjalo, kufanelekile ukugcina izikhombandlela ezihleliwe, ezibandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ezintathu okudingekayo : esikhathini samasonto angu-10 kuya kwangu-12, emavikini angu-20-24 nangaphambi kokubeletha emavikini angu-32-34. Kodwa yiziphi izici zesikhathi ngasinye, thola phambili:

Leli liviki lamasonto ama-5 kuya kwangu-8. Ukuxilongwa: Ukuqinisekiswa kweqiniso lokukhulelwa. Ukunquma indawo yokunamathiswa kweqanda lesisu. Ukukhubazeka kombungu (ukuchithwa kwe-cardiac nokunyakaza komsebenzi) . Isimo se-placenta esizayo namanzi sihlolwa. Izincomo: Odokotela bayacelwa ukuba balinde isikhathi eside ukuze bathole amanye ama-nuances. Uma kunenkinga, bese uphinda i-ultrasound ingenziwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-7.

Ithemu amaviki angu-10 kuya kwangu-12. Ukuxilongwa: Isitatimende sokukhulelwa okuqhubekayo. Ukunqunywa kwethemu kanye nosuku olulindelekile lokuzalwa ngokunemba kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ukulinganisa kwesifunda somlomo wesibeletho sokukhipha okungavamile ukuhlolwa kwe-chromosomal Ukuhlola kwe-placenta, i-amniotic fluid kanye nezimpawu zokuqala ezingavamile. Izincomo: Ngesicelo sakho, ochwepheshe abanolwazi bangavele baqambe igama lobulili lomntwana, behlisa noma balalele ukwephulwa okukhona. Khumbuza, i-ultrasound elandelayo ebaluleke kakhulu emavikini angu-22.

Isikhathi samasonto angu-20 kuya kwangu-24. Ukuxilongwa: Okubizwa okuthiwa ukuhlola ukuhlolwa, lapho okugxilwe ekuboneni noma ekuqinisekiseni ukungabikho kwemibono. Ukulinganisa usayizi we-fetus kanye nesilinganiso ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngisho nokucabanga kwesisindo ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ukunqunywa kwesimo se-placenta, i-amniotic fluid.

Ithemu liyimasonto angu-30 kuya kwangu-34. Ukuxilongwa: Ukuhlolwa kwemingcele efundwa ngaphambili, umsebenzi we-motor of the fetus, ukutadisha ukuqina kwegazi lokuguquka kwegazi ngokusizwa kwe-doppler.

Izincomo ezijwayelekile kumaviki angu-20 kuya kwangu-24, ama-30 kuya kwangu-34: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngalezi zikhathi, odokotela bahlanganisa futhi bahlaziye ngesimo somlomo wesibeletho (kuyahluka ngokulingana nesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-zebra evaliwe, elulaza usuku lokuzalwa). Uma umlomo wesibeletho uvulwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, khona-ke kuyodingeka ukwandise ukukhishwa kwe-sutures. Ubuningi bezindonga ze-uterine nakho kulinganiselwa. Ngophawu kunoma yiliphi ingxenye yalo, ungakwazi ukunquma ithoni yokuqala, engabangela usongo lokuqeda ukukhulelwa. Isimo se-placenta (umhlinzeki oyinhloko we-oksijeni, izakhi kanye nokuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni kwangaphandle) ubheka isakhiwo nesilinganiso sokuvuthwa: i-zero (ngaphambi kweviki lama-27), owokuqala (kusukela ku-27 kuya ku-35), owesibili futhi ovumelekile wesithathu - kusuka ku-32 amaviki angu-36. Inombolo nesakhiwo samanzi, lapho isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sijwayelekile kumgama ka-2-8 cm phakathi kwamasayithi omntwana nodonga lwesibeletho.

Masinyane ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ukuxilongwa: Kwenziwa ngokusho kobufakazi noma isifiso sikamama ukuze ekugcineni bathole ubukhulu be-fetus, isimo nesimo somntwana, intambo engase ibekwe yintambo yomlomo. Izincomo: Ukusetha nokunquma uhlobo lokudiliva, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokubeletha okuphuthumayo uma kwenzeka izinkinga.

Njengoba sibona, ngokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa futhi ngezikhathi ezizayo imali enkulu kakhulu idatshulwa. Futhi konke ukuze ugweme inkathazo ngesikhathi ukhulelwe nokubeletha. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound kufanele kwenzeke ngempela!