Izimpawu eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:
• ukuvama kokwanda kokuvuthwa;
• i-dysuria (ubuhlungu uma uchama);
• I-Hematuria (ukutholakala kwegazi emcinini);
• i-clouding yomchamo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli singase sikhathazeke ngobuhlungu besisu esingaphansi, futhi kwezinye, umchamo unempepho engathandeki.
I-Cystitis ezinganeni
Ezinganeni ezincane, izimpawu zalesi sifo zingase zingaqondakali, okungukuthi:
• ukukhala ngenkathi uchama;
• Ubuhlungu besisu obungavumelekile;
• ukuzuza okuphansi kwesisindo;
• umkhuhlane;
• ukuhlanza.
Ezinganeni ezinokushisa komzimba okwandisiwe, ukuhlonza ukuhlukana kufanele kuhlale kukhishwa engqondweni ye-cystitis. Eziguli ezikhulile, i-UTI ingahle ibe yinto engacacile noma ingabonakalisa njengobunzima esiswini nokufiphaza kokuqaphela. Ukuxilongwa kwe-cystitis kusekelwe ekubonisweni kwemitholampilo, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu nokulima umchamo. Uma ecatshangwa nge-cystitis, isibonakaliso esincane sokuxilonga sampula yomchamo senziwa. Ukutholakala kwe-pus kumpawu zomchamo ukutheleleka kwesisu, ukuphendula ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic, akudingi ukuhlaziywa okunye nokubona. Ukuphindaphinda kwe-cystitis kumuntu omdala noma ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kwe-UTI enganeni noma kumuntu kusho ukuthi kunesidingo sokuhlola, ngoba ezimweni ezinjalo kungashiwo ukuthi kunezimo zokulungiselela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Urine
Ngokuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu komchamo, i-pyuria ingatholakaliswa (ukutholakala kwe-pus kumchamo, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, i-agent ye-causative yesifo). Ukuze kuhlaziywe, isampula yomchamo evamile iqoqwe kwiphubhu oyinyumba futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ukubala amangqamuzana kungabonisa ukuthi kukhona ukuvuvukala emgqeni we-urinary. Uhlobo oluthile lwamabhaktheriya angaphezu kuka-100 000 amakoloni ngalinye ngo-1 ml lubhekwa njengengqondo. Kubalulekile ukugcina izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuqapha esifundweni, ukuze ungatholi umphumela wamanga ngenxa yokungcola komchamo ngamagciwane avela ngaphandle. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kunesidingo sokugqanyiswa kwesigcawu (ukufaka inaliti esiqandisini esikhumbeni esifundeni se-suprapubic).
• Uma i-pathogen ikhonjisiwe, ukuhlola ukuzwela kwemithi elwa namagciwane kwenziwa ukuze kunqume ukuthi imithi ephumelela kakhulu.
• I-Escherichia coli-ibangela ukutheleleka kuma-68% wamacala.
• Proteus mirabiiis - 12%.
• Staphylococcus epidermidis - 10%.
• I-Streptococcus faecalis - 6%.
• Klebsiella aerogenes - 4%.
I-cystitis yangaphakathi
Leli gama libhekisela ekuvuvukala okungapheli kwesilonda, esingenasifo sokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya futhi esingaphenduli ekwelashweni kwama-antibiotic. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zibuhlungu isiguli futhi zihlanganisa njalo, isifiso esiphuthumayo sokuvuthwa nobuhlungu. Isizathu sesifo asikwazi. Amadoda avela ku-urinary tract infections avikela i-urethra ende, kanye nezakhiwo ze-bactericidal zokufihla kwe-prostate gland. Ezimweni eziningi, imbangela ye-cystitis yukungena kwe-flora emathunjini ngokusebenzisa i-urethra kwisinye. Izinto ezibambelela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo kwabesifazane zihlanganisa ukuxhumana kocansi, i-atrophic colpitis (emva kokumisa esikhathini) nokukhulelwa. Emadodeni, ukutheleleka komgogodla kungabangelwa ukukhipha okungaphelele kwesibisi (isibonelo, nge-prostatic hyperplasia) noma okungajwayelekile kwesakhiwo somchamo.
Ama-causative avamile kakhulu we-cystitis yilezi:
• Abesifazane bane-urethra emfushane ngakho-ke banamathela kakhulu kwizifo zesibindi, ikakhulukazi ama-microorganisms of microflora emathunjini avamile. Ngokuvamile, ukuqina kwezimpawu kudinga ukuqaliswa kokwelapha ngokushesha ngama-antibiotic afanelekile. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukutholwa kuqala isampula yesampula ye-urine isilinganiso sokuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu nokuhlonza kwe-microbiological ye-pathogen. I-laboratory yokuhlukaniswa kwamasiko amabhaktheriya nokuzimisela ukuzwela kwayo kuma-antibiotics kuyovumela ukukhetha ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuthola imiphumela yamasiko omchamo. Ukukhulula isimo sesiguli nge-cystitis kuzovumela izinyathelo ezilula, ikakhulukazi ukungena kwansuku zonke kwamanzi amaningi. Kubalulekile futhi ukulandela imithetho yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa umchamo, enye yalezi zidakamizwa, njenge-trimethoprim, i-cotrimoxazole, i-amoxicillin, i-nitrofurantoin ne-nalidixic acid, ivame ukushiwo. Kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esisodwa kwe-amoxicillin ngesilinganiso se-3 g kubantu abadala kubanele ukwelapha. Ochwepheshe batusa ngemuva kokuthola ukwelashwa ukuqhuba isifundo sokulawula isilinganiso esiyingxenye yomchamo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isinqumo esiphelele sokutheleleka. Kuzo zonke izimo, i-UTI idinga ukungenisa inani eliningi lamanzi (okungenani amalitha amathathu ngosuku) ukuze kuvikelwe ukuqhuma komchamo nokucindezela ukukhiqizwa kwamagciwane. Ezikhathini eziningi ze-bacterial cystitis, lesi sifo siphendula ngokushesha ekuthathweni kwe-antibiotic. Kulaba besifazane abaphindaphindiwe njalo, kanye nabesilisa nabantwana, ukuhlolwa okubanzi kuqhutshwa ukuze kubonwe imbangela yalesi sifo, ukuze kukhishwe noma kuvimbele ukucindezeleka okukhulu okuvela ezintsheni. Ukutheleleka okuningi kwephethini elingaphansi komchamo kungaphathwa ngempumelelo ngama-antibiotics, isibonelo, i-trimethoprim.