Izinkinga ngokuzimela kumuntu omdala zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nemikhuba eyakhiwe ebuntwaneni: ehlezi, ehlaselwa phezulu, ekhompyutheni noma phambi kwe-TV, ehlala eguqa ikhanda, ephakamisa kahle izisindo, ehamba kancane emzimbeni. Ezikoleni zanamuhla, ngeshwa, kunezici ezanele ezibangela ekuthuthukiseni ukuhleleka okungalungile ezinganeni: amatafula nezihlalo ezingenzelwe ukuhambisana nokukhula nobudala bezingane, izikhwama ezinkulu, ukuthunga okungafundiwe, imithwalo esindayo nokuntuleka kokulungiswa ngokomzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, okwamanje, ukugoba komgogodla kuthinta izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabafundi baseRussia. Mayelana nendlela yokwenza ukuma okulungile kwengane futhi ukuyilungisa impilo, sizokhuluma ngezansi.
Ukungena okungekho emthethweni kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwenani elikhulu lezinkinga ngamathambo nemisipha, okuholela ekuphukeni komsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi, njengezifo zezinhliziyo kanye namaphaphu futhi kubangelwa ukudala ubuhlungu obunzima obubuhlungu. Ukuba yisikhathi esingapheli, bangaphazamisa impilo yomuntu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuholela ekukhubazekeni. Izibalo zithi abantwana abangu-44% abaneminyaka engu-11 kuya ku-14 banenkinga yokungahambi kahle eRussia, kanti abafundi abangama-60% babhekana nobuhlungu be-back periodic.
Izingane ezivame ukugqoka isikhwama esinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-20% esisisindo somzimba, ikakhulukazi engozini yokubhubhisa ukuma kwazo. Ukuthwala izikhwama ezinzima nezincwadi zokufunda, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi kulo lonke usuku, umgogodla uveza ukucindezeleka ngokweqile. Kukhona umbono wokuthi isisindo esihle sesikhwama akufanele sidlule u-10% wesisindo somntwana. Kungenxa yokuthi iminyaka eyingozi kunazo zonke zomgogodla wezingane zasenkulisa (cishe iminyaka engama-7) kanti intsha iyineminyaka engu-12-15, noma okuthiwa "isikhathi sokuvuthwa". Kule nkathi intsha eningi isithola i-scoliosis (ukuvuthwa okuphambene nomgogodla). Ezinye izingane zine-backup ejwayelekile kuze kube ngu-60% wesisindo sayo, futhi lokhu kungabangeli kuphela izinkinga zesikhashana, kodwa futhi nezinkinga esikhathini esizayo. Buka isisindo sezinqola zezingane zesikole - lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ungakhetha kanjani isikhwama esikolweni "sokunene" kwengane yakho?
Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi njengesiqalo lapho ukhetha isikhwama, qaphela udonga lwalo lwalokhu - kufanele lube lubala futhi luqinile. Kule ndlela kuphela ongagcina ukuhamba okulungile komfundi. Ububanzi bayo akumele budlule ububanzi bamahlombe wengane, futhi buyekezele ngaphansi kwebhande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-straps kufanele abe mkhulu futhi athambile ngezinsimbi ezilungiswa kahle. Kubalulekile ukubeka umkhuba wokusebenzisa amabhande ebantwaneni ukuze isisindo se-rucksack sisatshenziswe ngendlela efanayo. Futhi ekugcineni ungakhohlwa mayelana nephuzu elibalulekile - isikhwama kufanele "sihlonywe" ngesethi yamaphakethe ahlukene - ngaphezulu, ngcono. Ngakho ingane yakho iyoba lula ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo okuqukethwe kwesikhwama.
Abantwana abangu-80% baqedela isikole ngokungahleleki kahle
Izingane ezincane zivame ukuchitha isikhathi eside ukudlala imidlalo, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuthi kube nokukhathazeka mayelana nokuhamba kwesikhathi kule minyaka. Kungenzeka ukuthi izinkinga zizovela ngesikhathi sokuqala esikoleni, futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala - isikhathi eside esichithelwe ematafuleni angakhiwe kahle, okuhambisana nokukhula kwezingane nezikhwama zesikole ezinzima - konke lokhu kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuvuthwa komgogodla. Isibonelo esihle kule ndaba singakhonza emazweni aseScandinavia, ayenakekile kakhulu, ngoba izingane zabo zinezibhebhe eziguquguqukayo, izihlalo ezilungiswayo ezixhasa ukugoba okwenziwe ngokwe-S yomgogodla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu anganciphisa amahora esikoleni noma akhulise isikhathi sokunikeza ukuphumula kwamahora amaningi ukuze avumele izingane ukuba zihambise futhi zishintshe isikhundla sabo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izingane zibe nokusebenza okuvamile. Isisindo esihle sokuzivikela futhi ukuhlinzeka ngezikole ngamabhokisi abo ngokukhiya, okuzosiza izingane ukuba zithwale izinto ezilukhuni ezivela esikoleni nasemakhaya.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukulawulwa kwengane ekhaya
Ukuqapha isimo somntwana ekhaya, kunesikhathi esiningi nethuba kunesikoleni. Ngakho-ke, singasiza ingane ukuba yenze imikhuba ewusizo ngalokhu. Hlola njalo isikhundla sayo esifanele - ingane kufanele imile ngqo, emilenzeni yomabili ngaphandle kokuthi "ibambelele" kwelinye noma ngomunye umlenze. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthi abantu abadala kufanele babe yisibonelo sokuma komzimba. Khona-ke kuyokwanela ukunakekelwa kwengane ekuthumeni kwakhe, hhayi njalo ukunikeza imibono kuye.
Yini okufanele nginakekele?
- Nika ingane indawo ekhululekile yokusebenza. Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba isikhathi esiningi umfundi echitha etafuleni, okusho ukuthi kufanele enze imisebenzi yakhe futhi akhethwe ngokufanele, ngokusho kokukhula nokukhula kwengane. Zama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ayihlali ebhekene nodonga. Izazi zengqondo zichaza ukuthi lesi sikhundla siwukuthi ingane ibonisa ukuphelelwa ithemba futhi ayikhuthazi isifiso sokusebenza. Ingane into enjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi iyanqamuka, okusho ukuthi isifiso sakhe esingaqondakali sokufihla, ukuba singabonakali kangako. Ngenkathi udonga ngemuva ngemuva kokunikeza umqondo wokuphepha. Esinye isizathu esingahle sokuvinjelwa komgogodla ukukhanya okuwela ngakwesobunxele. Ikamelo elingenalutho liphoqa izingane ukuba zithembele phansi ezincwadini nezincwadi, ezingasoze zavumela ingane ukuba yenze ukuhleleka okulungile. Ochwepheshe bathi ekhaya, njengasesikoleni, ingane kumele yenze ama-break-minute angu-15 njalo ngemizuzu engu-45 yokuqeqeshwa ukuze ishintshe isikhundla sayo.
- Nciphise isikhathi ubukele i-TV - ngoba ukubukela i-TV kusukela ekuseni kuya kusihlwa ingane ayamukeleki. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kube nomthelela esimweni somntwana noma isimo sakhe sempilo, kodwa umphumela awunakwenzeka ukukujabulisa. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantwana abangaba ngu-60% ababukele i-TV ngamahora angu-1-2 ngosuku bakhononda ngobuhlungu besikhathi eside. Kulabo ababukele i-TV amahora angaphezu kwama-2 ngosuku ngokulandelana, leli phesenti likhuphukela ku-70.
- Nciphise isikhathi sakho kukhompyutheni - lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, kunikezwe ukuthi iningi lamatafula nezihlalo zokusebenza kwikhompyutha ngabantu abadala. Banekhamera yokufinyelela kanzima ukuze ingane, imilenze ilenga emoyeni, futhi ikhanda lihlala liphonswa emuva noma liphakanyiswe ukuze libone isithombe kusikrini sokuqapha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingane eziye zadlala kukhompuyutha isikhathi eside kakhulu uma ziphela ngejubane noma ezinye izixhobo zensiza zizwa ubuhlungu obubuhlungu ngenxa yenkinga eqhubekayo emgodini. Abantwana abangaba ngu-40% nezingane ezisencane abakwazi ukugcina umzimba ngokushesha ngemva kokuchitha amahora kukhompyutha. Isimo esiphezulu sihleliwe, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukukulungisa.
- Nikeza izingane zakho indawo enhle yokulala - lokhu kubalulekile ukuphumula okugcwele ebusuku. Ingane noma intombazane idinga umbhede omuhle nge-mattress wama-orthopedic futhi, mhlawumbe - ngaphandle komcamelo.
- Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - bukela isisindo somntwana! Mnike ukudla okunempilo, okugcwele nokulinganisela futhi kumgqugquzele ukuba enze umzimba (cishe ihora elilodwa ngosuku), ngoba ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala kwandisa ingozi yokubuyiselwa emuva. Sekuyisikhathi eside kusungulwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo esifanele somzimba ibhuloho lokubhukuda liphumelela kakhulu, ehlobo nasebusika nge-skating kanye ne-skiing. Ngokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba uhlelo lokuphefumula, imisipha yangemuva kanye nomshini wokucindezela uqiniswa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukulungisa ukuma nokuzizwa okuhle.
Ukuqeqeshwa nokuqiniswa kokuma okulungile ebuntwaneni akungabazeki ukuthi yiyindlela ehamba phambili yokuvikela amathambo, imisipha namalungu okuphila. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ukwakheka kokuma okulungile kwengane kuyoba umsebenzi okhululekile futhi ojabulisayo, umkhuba wokuphila.