Ukufundisa ingane ukusebenzisa ibhodlela kuyadingeka ukuthi omama emhlabeni wonke babhekane nakho. Futhi nakuba inkinga ingenye, izixazululo ezweni ngalinye zihlukile, ngezinye izikhathi ezingezona ezijwayelekile kusukela ekubukeni kwethu. Konke okushiwo ukuhlukahluka kokucabanga, okuyizinto eziphawulekayo "zokubeletha" kazwelonke. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi asikwazi ukuboleka okuthile okuhlangenwe nakho kwamanye amazwe futhi siyisebenzise ngokuphumelelayo! Okuningi kokunikezwa "okuvela phesheya" kuyafaneleka ukufunda , - okokuqala, ukuzola nokuthuthuka okuqinisekile emgomweni ongconyelwe ngaphandle kokuzibeka eceleni ("Ah, ngingumama omubi, ngoba ingane yami ayakwazi ukusebenzisa ibhodlela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha \ iminyaka engu-2"). Awukwazi - funda futhi uyenze ngaleso sikhathi , lapho kufika isikhathi, lapho sekulungele! Ngakho-ke, owokuqala umthetho owusizo, esiwuboleka kuwo omama kwamanye amazwe: ukuzola, ukuzola kuphela! Konke kunesikhathi saso!
Ngezwe emgqeni
Kunezindlela eziningana zokufundisa izingane ikhono "lobumbano" eMpumalanga Yurophu yedwa: zonke zingahle zihlukaniswe, okwenziwe kanye kanye noProfesa P. Accardo waseVirginia Medical College (USA), owathola amaqembu amathathu amasu:
Ukushelela embizeni kusukela emasontweni okuqala empilo yengane. Le nqubo ayisekelwe kakhulu ekufundeni ukuthi ingane ijwayele kangakanani ukuyobilisa embizeni, kungakanani ekuthuthukisweni kwengqondo ethile kumama ofunda ngezibonakaliso zangaphandle (ukubuhlungu kwengane, ukukhathazeka) ukubona uma intombazanyana ifuna ukuya endlini yangasese.
Ukujwayela embizeni eneminyaka engama-18 cishe izinyanga ezingu-18. Kugxile kwengane, kungalesi sikhathi ukuthi ukuvuthwa kokugcina komzimba nokwengqondo kwenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi ingane ingakwazi ukulawula ukuchama nokuhlukunyezwa.
Ukushelela embizeni eneminyaka engu-3. Le ndlela "yevila" isetjenziswa kuleyo minyaka yengane lapho eqala ukulingisa abantu abadala futhi ekugcineni, iphazimulisa nombuzo othi: "Kungani ngineminyaka eyishumi nambili, futhi umama nobaba abangekho?".
Ekuqaleni? Kuqala. Kuqala!
Ezweni lakithi, njengamazwe amaningi emhlabeni wonke, kuze kube phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, okuthandwayo kwanikezwa endleleni yokuqala - okuthiwa ukuqeqeshwa okuqala. Lokhu kwakufanelekile: kwakungenabanididi, imishini yokugeza, futhi omama babe nesithakazelo kakhulu ekufundeni ukuthi basebenzise kanjani amanzi ngokushesha. Kuyinto engavamile ukuthi kungani, ngokungafani nezwe lonke eliqhubekayo, sisalokhu sibambelela kule ndlela? Kungani inqubo elula yokujwayela embizeni (uma kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngaphandle kokuphoqelela) ibangela imizwelo eminingi kangaka nokuphikisana okuningi. Mhlawumbe, ngoba ugogo nomama bethu, abaye bahlushwa izimpumelelo ezinjalo zempucuko njengabadwebi nemishini yokuhlanza, baqhubeke becabanga ukuthi lokhu kulungile. Futhi yikuphi ukubukwa komunye umuntu lapho kutholakala ukuthi kumntanakho, obani-mayelana nokwesaba! - unyaka usuvele usuvele usugqoke i-diaper etholakalayo. Futhi manje umama omncane uqala ukungabaza futhi uveza "impi yangempela yokumbiza."
Kodwa lokhu yilokho okubi. Ningikholelwa mina? Bhekisela encwadini, eyanyatheliswa kuma-1930 akude, i-Gessel "Incwadi Yokuthuthukiswa Kwengqondo Yengane," lapho isikole saqala khona ukuqeqeshwa kwamanzi, ngokusho kobuciko bokuthuthukiswa kwezinsana, ngokusho kocwaningo lukaGessel olwenziwe ngezingane ezimbili, lapho umuntu efundiswa khona ibhodlela lisaqala, kanti okwesibili - emva kwezinyanga ezingu-15-18, ukuqala esikoleni kuya embizeni akuzange kube nomphumela omuhle. Yilokho omama abakhathalela kakhulu ngesikhathi besencane abazange bahole ikhono eliphikisayo elilindelekile, nasebudala obudala Kwakungelula futhi ngaphandle kokuzikhandla, ngakho-ke kubuzwa ukuthi kungani uzihlukumeza wena nomntanakho? "UBenjamin Spock, owaqala ukuveza umqondo wokulungela kwengane ekufundeni leli khono, wancoma ukwenza umnikelo wakhe ekuhoxisweni ekuqeqesheni okuqala embumbeni wesayensi, futhi kulokhu kuhloswe abazali abanconyelwe ukuba bangasheshi .
Ukuphuza kangcono kunokungakaze kwenzeke?
Izifundo ekufundiseni izingane kuya embizeni zenziwa cishe kulo lonke elasekhulu leminyaka elidlule, futhi lokhu konke kwaholela ekutheni kancane kancane inqubo yokuqala eNtshonalanga yaphumelela, kanti iminyaka abantwana abaqala ukuyiqonda ngayo lokhu kuhlakanipha kwasuka ezinyangeni ezingu-7 kuya kwezi-20. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okubalulekile, isimo sengqondo sabazali ngalolu daba sishintshile - izinga lokungenela kwabo ohlelweni linciphile. Ngamanye amazwi, omama nabababa bayeka ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ubuhlobo bomntwana nobumba buqala kanjani. Njengamanje, eNtshonalanga, isiteji sokuqeqeshwa komuntu siqu sihlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-18 no-36, futhi kuncike ekutheni abazali baphatha kanjani le nqubo.Ngomunye umuntu, futhi ngonyaka nesigamu kubonakala sengathi sekuyisikhathi, kanti omunye 3 ngokuzithoba ukhuluma ngokuthi ingane ihlale ihlelwe yilapho.Ngokwesibonelo, kwavezwa ukuthi ukujwayela ebhodweni akuhlobene kuphela nezwe lokuhlala kanye nemali engenayo yomndeni, kodwa futhi - umama wendlu usebenza noma usebenza.Kukholelwa ukuthi uma owesifazane esebenza, yena uqala ukujwayele ingane ebhodweni ngoba kunesithakazelo sokwenza ukuthi abe yisimele ngokushesha.Singazicabange ukuthi le ndlela ayimangalisa, kodwa ithi kuphela ukuthi akukho lutho olwesabekayo ekunakekeleni kusukela esikoleni sokuqala ukuya embizeni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ingane ikhula ithulile, futhi umama akazikhandla ngokweqile, futhi ukuqeqeshwa kuqala kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-18, lapho zonke izibonakaliso zokulungela kwengane ukuqonda leli khono kubonakala (ikhono lokulawula ngokucophelela umsebenzi wamathumbu, ikhono lokuveza izifiso zomuntu ngamazwi, njll. cela imbiza, isifiso sokuziphatha "njengenkulu.") Ngamanye amazwi, ingane isilungile, akafuni ukufunda izinto ezintsha, futhi uqala ukwenza kancane kancane ngaphandle kokucindezelwa kubantu abadala.
Futhi kusadingeka
Manje, kubonakala sengathi uma konke kunomlingo futhi kulula, kungani ungayeki ukukhathazeka ngakho? Ucabanga ukuthi ngeke kube khona ingane yokusebenzisa ibhodlela eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Ngokwesibonelo, eTurkey efanayo, baqala ukufundisa izingane ukuba zizenzele imisebenzi eminyakeni engu-22-28, naseSweden naseHolland - ngo-32-37, futhi akukho lutho, akekho oye wakhula.
Yebo, ukukhathazeka, yebo, akufanelekile. Kodwa akudingekile ukuvumela izinto zihambe ngokwazo. Kuzo zonke izinto kubalulekile ukunamathela kumqondo ovamile. Ngakho-ke, isimo sengqondo "sokuvila" kwisayensi yobumba kubangela ukuthi ingane ilahlekelwa isidingo sobuchwepheshe obunjalo, okungukuthi, eminyakeni engama-3 noma ngaphezulu kakade akucaci ukuthi kungani kufanele isebenzise imbiza uma ingakaze ikwazi ukubhekana kahle nezindaba zayo ngosizo lwe-diaper futhi isetshenziselwa lesi simo sezinto. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bezingane bathi ukuphuza ngokweqile ukuvota embizeni kungabangela ukuphikiswa kwengane (njengokumelana kwasebancane), kuholele ekunqatsheni ukuhlukana kokusebenzisa ibhodlela neyendlu yangasese, ikakhulukazi uma sisebenzisa le migomo eqinisweni lethu, akusobala ukuthi, uma kunjalo, ukunikeza ingane enkulisa, uma kunesidingo sokuthi ingane ifike kubo kakade ngamakhono ayisisekelo okuzibophezela (angakwazi ukuhamba ebhodweni) .
Ukuhlanganisa konke okushiwo ngenhla, sizokhipha ukuthi igolide elishoyo yiyona ndlela eyamukelekayo kakhulu.
Ukuqeqeshwa okuncane kwengane embizeni - kungavamile ukunikeza imiphumela futhi kunikeze izinkinga eziningi zomama nomntwana.
Ukuphuza kakhulu - kuholela ekutheni abazali abaphuthelwa isikhathi sokulungela kwemvelo ukufunda imbiza, futhi emva kwalokho - inqubo yokuqonda ikhono lombumbi ihambisana nobunzima. Gxila ekuthuthukiseni ingane yakho, lalela ngokucophelela ukuthi usekulungele yini "isayensi endala." Futhi uma nje ubona lokhu kulungele (ngokulinganiselwe, imvuthuluka yonyaka nengxenye), kancane kancane futhi uqale ukufundisa.