Amalungelo abesifazane abakhulelwe
Awunelungelo lokulahla umsebenzi. Okufanayo, Isigaba 170 seKhodi Yezabasebenzi kubonisa ukuthi umqashi akanalo ilungelo lokunqaba owesifazane okhulelwe ekwamukelwa emsebenzini ngenxa yesimo sakhe. Kodwa empeleni kuvela ukuthi lo mthetho uhlala kuphela isimemezelo. Futhi ngokwenza kunzima kakhulu ukufakazela ukuthi umqashi wenqabe ngani kulokhu kwenzeka. Isibonelo, angabhekisela ekungabikho kwezithuba ezifanele, noma ukuthi indawo yanikezwa umsebenzi oqeqeshiwe. Futhi nakuba umthetho uphinde uhlinzeke ngemali yokukhishwa okungenangqondo yokuqasha owesifazane okhulelwe ngezikhathi ezingaba ngu-500 umholo omncane (ngo-2001, umholo omncane ongu-1 wawungama-ruble ayikhulu), amacala okuba nomqashi kubaqashi ayengavamile kakhulu futhi ahlukile kulowo mthetho.
Awukwazi ukuxoshwa
Lesi sihloko seKhodi Yezabasebenzi sibonisa ukuthi owesifazane okhulelwe akakwazi ukuxoshwa, ngisho noma umqashi enezizathu ezinhle zokwenza lokhu, njengokungabikho emsebenzini, ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukunciphisa abasebenzi, njll. Inkantolo Ephakeme yanikezela izincazelo ngale ndaba, ebonisa ukuthi kulokhu akukhathaleki ukuthi ngabe abaphathi bazi ngokukhulelwa komsebenzi noma cha. Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi owesifazane angabuyiselwa emsebenzini wakhe wangaphambili enkantolo. Kulesi simo, ukuphela okuwukuphela kokusulwa kwebhizinisi, okungukuthi, umsebenzi wenhlangano njengenhlangano esemthethweni ipheliswa. Ngisho nangalesi simo, ngokusho komthetho, umqashi kumele asebenzise owesifazane okhulelwe, futhi amkhokhele isamba semali esijwayelekile ngenyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqashwa okusha. Awukwazi ukukhangwa emsebenzini wesikhathi esingeziwe noma ebusuku, futhi uthunyelwe ekuhambeni kwebhizinisi. Uma ukhulelwe, awukwazi ukudingeka ukwenza umsebenzi wesikhathi esengeziwe noma ukuthumela ohambweni lwebhizinisi ngaphandle kwemvume yakho ebhaliwe. Ngisho nangemvume yomqashi ayikwazi ukukunika umsebenzi ebusuku noma ngezimpelasonto, ngokusho kwezihloko 162 no-163 zeKhodi Yezabasebenzi. Kufanele unciphise izinga lokukhiqiza. Owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele adluliselwe emsebenzini olula, ngaphandle kokuba khona kwezimo ezilimazayo noma amazinga okukhiqiza anciphise ahambisana nesiphetho sezokwelapha. Lesi simo asinakuba isizathu sokunciphisa kwimali engenayo, ngakho kufanele ilingane nemiholo ejwayelekile yendawo ehambelana nayo eyabanjwe ngaphambilini. Inhlangano kumele ilindele kusengaphambili ithuba lokudlulisela owesifazane okhulelwe kwenye indawo, isibonelo, uma owesifazane esebenza njengomthumeli, lo mshini kufanele umthumelele emsebenzini ehhovisi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Unelungelo lokusetha isimiso somsebenzi ngamunye. Inhlangano kumele, ngesicelo sowesifazane okhulelwe, usethe isimiso somuntu (shintsha) esimisweni sayo. Isigaba 49 se-Code Labour kubonisa ukuthi kuvunyelwe ukusungula umsebenzi wesikhathi esithile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nesonto elisebenzayo elingaphelele. I-oda elihlukile lenza izimo ezithile ezidingekayo emsebenzini wesifazane okhulelwe. Le dokhumenti ichaza izikhathi ezinjalo njengesikhathi sokusebenza nokuphumula, kanye nezinsuku lapho owesifazane okhulelwe angase angayi emsebenzini. Inkokhelo yomsebenzi kuleli cala yenziwa ngokulingana nesikhathi esasebenza, kuyilapho umqashi engenalo ilungelo lokunciphisa ikhefu lakhe lonyaka, ugcine ubudala bakhe ngezibonelelo zezinzuzo kanye nobudala, unesibopho sokukhokha amabhonasi anqunyiwe, njll.
Unelungelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo
Ngokusho Isigaba 170 (1) seKhodi Yezabasebenzi, eqinisekisa isiqiniseko sokuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bayinkambiso yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okudingekayo, futhi bathi ekufezeni ucwaningo olunjalo ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, umqashi kufanele agcine imali ejwayelekile kumama okhulelwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele ahlinzekele endaweni yombhalo womsebenzi okufakazela ukuthi ubhekene nokubonisana kwabesifazane noma esinye isikhungo sezokwelapha. Ngokwale mibhalo, isikhathi esichithwa kudokotela kumele sikhokhwe njengesisebenzi. Umthetho awucacisi inombolo enkulu yokuvakashelwa udokotela, futhi umqashi akakwazi ukuvimbela owesifazane okhulelwe ukuba ahlole ukuhlolwa kwezidingo ezidingekayo.
Unelungelo lokushiya ikhefu lokubeletha
Ngokwesigaba 165 se-Code Labour, owesifazane kufanele anikezwe ikhefu lokubeletha elengeziwe ngezinsuku ezingu-70 zekhalenda. Lesi sikhathi singanyuswa emacaleni alandelayo:
1) uma udokotela eqala ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiwe, okumele kuqinisekiswe yisitifiketi sezokwelapha - shiya ukwanda kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-84;
2) uma lona wesifazane esensimini engcoliswe yimisebe ngenxa yengozi ye-anthropogenic (isibonelo, ingozi yeChernobyl, ukukhishwa kwemfucuza eMfuleni iTecha, njll) - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-90. Uma owesifazane okhulelwe esusiwe noma esuswa endaweni echaziwe, angase athi nandise isikhathi sekhefu elengeziwe.
3) amathuba okukhulisa isikhathi sekhefu angasungulwa ngumthetho wendawo. Kodwa, ukukutshela iqiniso, okwamanje asikho isifunda esisodwa lapho isikhathi eside sosuku lokubeletha besizobe sisungulwe. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo leli thuba linikezwa abesifazane abakhulelwe abahlala eMoscow.
Isigaba 166 se-Code Lab Labasebenzi sinikeza owesifazane okhulelwe ukuba afingqa ikhefu lonyaka ngekhefu lokubeletha, lokhu akuthinteki isikhathi esisebenze enhlanganweni - ngisho noma ubude besikhathi sakhe sezinyanga ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-11 kudingekile ukuthola ikhefu . Shiya ukukhulelwa nokubeletha kubhalwa ngenani lemali egcwele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubude benkonzo enhlanganweni. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukubalwa kwesamba seholide kwenziwa ngesisekelo semali etholakalayo ngempela ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule, ngaphambi kokuqala kweholide. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi uma isimiso ngasinye somsebenzi nesilinganiso sokulahleka esifanele sabekwa esifundweni sakho, khona-ke ukukhokhelwa kweholide kuzoba ngaphansi uma usebenza isikhathi esigcwele. Uma isizathu sokuxoshwa kowesifazane okhulelwe kwaba ukukhipha inhlangano, ke yena. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilinganiso semali ekhokhelwa ngenyanga siyalondolozwa. Uma uxoshwa ngenxa yokuchithwa kwenhlangano, khona-ke unelungelo lokukhokhwa nyanga zonke ngenani lemali elincane elingu-nyangazonke ngonyaka, ubala kusukela ngesikhathi sokuxoshwa, Ngokusho komthetho we-federal olawula izinkokhelo zombuso ezizakhamuzi ezinezingane. Lezi zinkokhelo kufanele zenziwe yizinhlangano zokuvikela umphakathi.
Indlela yokulwela amalungelo akho
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ulwazi olulodwa lwamalungelo abo alwanele, ngokujwayelekile kunesimo esinjalo sokuthi owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele aqhubeke enombono nokuthi angayivikela kanjani amalungelo akhe ngokuphulwa okungadingekile. Nanka amathiphu, ukuqaliswa okuzogwema ukungahambisani kahle nomqashi. Okokuqala, ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezingenhla, kubalulekile ukuthumela incwadi esemthethweni ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi lakho eliqukethe isicelo sokuqokwa kwayo. Inhloko yebhizinisi ithunyelwa isitatimende, esenziwe ngokubhaliwe, lapho kufanele kubhalwe khona, izinzuzo ezidinga ukusekwa. Isibonelo, uma udinga ukufaka isimiso somsebenzi ngabanye besifazane okhulelwe, khona-ke kufanele ucacise isikhathi esibekiwe sokuqashwa. Kungcono uma isicelo senziwa ngamakhophi amaningana, okunye okumele kube nencwadi ekutholeni kwayo ngokuphathwa kwebhizinisi - konke lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuthi ufake isicelo sokuzuza. Ukuzivocavoca kubonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusemthethweni kuvame ukuthinta ngokomqondo kumqashi othanda ukungathintana neziphathimandla ngesishalazo somuntu wesifazane uma izintshisekelo zakhe ziphulwa. Ngokuvamile, isitatimende esisodwa esibhaliwe sokuphatha sisho okuningi kunezicelo eziningi zomlomo.
Uma ukuxoxisana nomqashi kungenasisekelo futhi akuzange kube nomphumela oyifunayo, kuyadingeka ukukhalaza ngokungemthetho emibuthweni ekhethekile yombuso ephathelene nokulawulwa kwezinkinga ezihlobene nomthetho wezabasebenzi. Okokuqala, ku-State Labor Protection Inspectorate, lapho ungafaka khona isikhalazo, le nhlangano iphoqelekile ukuqapha ukuhlonishwa kwabaqashi ngemithetho yezabasebenzi, kuhlanganise nokunikeza abesifazane abakhulelwe abaneziqinisekiso ezidingekayo. Kubalulekile ukubhala phansi lokho okushiwo ngokubhaliwe, ngokufaka imibhalo efanele: isitifiketi sokukhulelwa esikhishwe isikhungo sezokwelapha. Ngendlela efanayo, ungafaka isikhalazo ehhovisi likashushisi, Unelungelo lokufaka isicelo ngokushesha kuzo zombili iziphathimandla. Ukudlulisela enkantolo isilinganiso esiphezulu, futhi kumele senziwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho womthetho. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isimiso sokulinganiselwa emibambiswaneni yomsebenzi sesinciphile sibe izinyanga ezintathu kusukela lapho Isisebenzi sibhale ukwephulwa kwamalungelo akhe ngumqashi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi owesifazane okhulelwe angafuna ukubuyiselwa kwalesi sikhathi, ngokuhambisana nesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ezikhathini zokwahlulela, kungaba ngcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa usizo olufanelekayo lommeli ongasiza ekuxabaneni nomqashi.