Umngane ohlala unomphela futhi ongahlukaniswanga kunoma iyiphi i-anesthesia kuyisenzo. Isiguli esikhulelwe ngeke siphumeleliswe kahle ngaphandle kokuba siboniswe uhlobo oluthile lokungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Ngakho-ke, uma ithi kabi ukuthi i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ithinta kanjani umzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kusho ukuhlanganiswa kwemiphumela emibi - kokubili i-anesthesia kanye nokusebenza ngokwayo.
Ngokwezibalo, abesifazane abangaba ngu-3% ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kudingeka bahlinzekwe nge-anesthesia. Ngokuvamile, imisebenzi yenziwa emkhakheni wamazinyo wezokwelapha, isifo sezinambuzane kanye nokuhlinzwa (i-cholecystectomy, i-appendectomy). I-anesthesia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa yenziwa kuphela uma kunezinkomba eziphuthumayo neziphuthumayo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezethula ingozi yangempela ekuphileni komama. Uma isimo sivumela, uma ukusebenza ngokwawo kanye ne-anesthesia kungadingi ukuphuthuma okukhethekile futhi kungenziwa ngendlela ehleliwe, ngakho-ke kungcono ukulinda ukuzalwa kwengane. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezengeziwe, owesifazane angakhanjelwa esibhedlela ukuze enze ukwelashwa okubonisiwe kwesifo.
Ziyini izingozi ze-anesthesia jikelele kubesifazane abakhulelwe?
Phakathi nokuhlaziywa kwenani elikhulu lezifundo, ochwepheshe benza iziphetho ezilandelayo:
- I-anesthesia ejwayelekile ngesikhathi se-anesthesia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa inikeza amaphesenti aphansi kakhulu okufa komama. Eqinisweni, lilingana nengozi ye-anesthesia eyenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwabesifazane abangakhulelwe.
- Ingozi yokuthuthukisa ukungabi nabantwana okubelethwe ngaphansi kwezinsana ngaphansi kwezimo lapho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa owesifazane ekhishwa ngamanzi futhi eqhutshwa kuyinto encane kakhulu. Kubonakala kufana nokuvama kokuthuthukiswa kwamathologi afanayo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abangakaze baluthole i-anesthesia nokuhlinzwa.
- Amathuba okukhulelwa kwesisu, okulinganiselwa kuwo wonke ama-trimesters amathathu okukhulelwa, kanye namathuba okufa kokubeletha cishe amaphesenti angu-6. Le phesenti iphakeme kakhulu (11%), uma i-anesthesia yenziwa ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Isikhathi esiyingozi kunazo zonke ngale ndlela - emavikini ayisishiyagalombili okuqala, lapho ingane ibeka khona futhi yakha izitho ezisemqoka kanye nezinhlelo.
- Amathuba okubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, lapho i-anesthesia jikelele isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, iphinde ibe ngu-8%.
Amalungiselelo e-anesthesia jikelele
Ngokwezifundo zeminyaka yamuva, ukuphepha kwezidakamizwa kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi kwanele ukuhlinzekwa kwe-anesthesia jikelele ekukhulelwe. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, imiphumela emibi emntwaneni wezinhlelo ezinjengoba i-diazepam ne-nitrous oxide zazibhekwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ochwepheshe baye bafakazela ukuthi ngesikhathi se-anesthesia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okubaluleke nakakhulu akuyona ngqo imithi (ukuhlinzeka ngezinzwa), kodwa inqubo ye-anesthesia. Indima ebaluleke kakhulu ayidlali ngokungenwa kwe-blood pressure kanye nezinga le-oxygen saturation yegazi labesifazane abakhulelwe ngesikhathi se-anesthesia jikelele. Kukhona iphuzu lokuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungcono ukugwema ukusebenzisa i-anesthetic yendawo equkethe i-adrenaline. Ngisho nokusungulwa ngengozi kwe-anesthetics enjalo emzimbeni wegazi lomama kungabangela ukwephulwa okubukhali nokuphikelela kokugeleza kwegazi kuya embungeni nge-placenta. Ochwepheshe baqaphele ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa okunjalo kwendawo (okudumile kumazinyo omzimba), njenge-ultracaine noma i-articaine iqukethe i-adrenaline.
Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi i-anesthesia ejwayelekile kanye nokuhlinzwa okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuphephile ngokwanele impilo yomama, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungalimaza ingane yesikhathi esizayo. Isikhathi esiyingozi kunazo zonke yi-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Isinqumo sokugcina mayelana nesidingo sokuhlinzwa kanye nesifo sokubulala i-anesthesia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kufanele sithathwe ngokucophelela. Kubalulekile ukucabangela zonke izingozi zomthelela omubi we-anesthesia kanye nokusebenza ngokwayo ekuthuthukiseni ingane engakazalwa. Uma ukuhlinzwa akudingekile futhi kunethuba lokulihlehlisa isikhashana, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyenza ngesikhathi sesithathu sokukhulelwa.