I-genus Episia (Latin Episcia Mart) ingokomndeni wakwaGesnerian. Uhlanganisa, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, izinhlobo ezingu-30-40 zezitshalo. Ziyakhula ezindaweni ezibandayo zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Lezi zitshalo ezivuthiwe ze-herbaceous zinomswakama obunzima obuhamba ngezinambuzane (i-tuber) obheke phansi engaphansi kwezingwenya; amahlumela ashicilelwa. Amaqabunga ayedwa noma ahlukile; abe nefomu elivulekile, elidaywe. Izimbali zezinsikazi zihlelwe ngezicathulo noma zingabomvu, zidwetshwe ngamathoni amhlophe noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-tubular, ene-arching emihlanu. I-Episia iyisitshalo se-ornamental, esilula kakhulu ukuhlanza, ngakho-ke abaqalayo bangabhekana kalula. Zine amaqabunga amahle kakhulu nezimbali ezinhle.
Izinhlobo
Izimbali ezinamafutha, izimo zazo ezichazwe ngezansi, ukubuka indawo ekamelweni elidume kakhulu. Izwe lakubo libhekwa njengeMexico. Lesi sitshalo esishisayo, esihlala isikhathi eside, sinezinhlobo ezimbili zamahlumela: zigcwele amaqabunga ahlukaniswe eduze futhi ezincane. Lokhu kukhanya kubumnyama, lapho ama-node avela ama-antenna ne-rosettes indodakazi. Amahlamvu amancane ayi-3 cm ubude no-2 cm ububanzi. Ukuma kwamaqabunga ahlukene - kusuka ku-elliptical ukuya ku-ovoid. Iqabunga leqabunga liyi-crenate ngasemaphethelweni, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ombala nombala ophakathi phakathi kombala obomvu, i-velvety pubescent ene-villi emfushane. Izimbali ezingabodwa zimhlophe, nge-pharynx ngamachashazi aphuzile, eceleni komkhawulo onogwaja. Lezi zinhlobo kunezinhlobonhlobo ezihlobisa kakhulu.
Izimo zezitshalo
Ukukhanyisa. Izimbali ze-clavicle azithandi ilanga eliqondile, zithanda ukukhanya okusabalalisa. Indawo engcono kakhulu yokubekwa kwayo yiwona amafasitela asentshonalanga nasempumalanga. Ngokuvamile ikhula efasiteleni elisenyakatho. Ewindini eliseningizimu, lesi sitshalo kufanele sibekwe eceleni kwefasitela noma senze ukukhanya okungafani ngendwangu noma iphepha. Ebusika isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okuhle.
Umbuso wokushisa. Kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka, ukubhujiswa kukhetha izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-20-25 ° C, unganciphisi izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwe-18 ° C. Gwema izakhiwo ezisekwindla nobusika.
Ukunisela. Izimbali ze-nail zizwela ukuhlukumeza kombuso wokunisela. Kuye, ukungabi namanzi ngokweqile nokungcola ngokweqile kuyingozi. Esikhathini esifudumele, kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuchelela okunengi njengoba isendlalelo esiphezulu somhlaba soma. Ebusika, ukunciphisa ukuchelela, kodwa ungavumeli i-coma yobumba ukuthi ime. Ngalesi sikhathi, manzi amanzi epicure usuku noma amabili emva kokuma kwenhlabathi. Ukunisela, kufanele usebenzise amanzi alula, ahlala njalo egumbini. Yenza ukuchelela okuphansi, ukuthola amathonsi amanzi emagqabeni asitshalo akuthandeki.
Ukungcola komoya. Ngenxa yesidingo sokwanda komswakama. Ungayifaki, uma kungenjalo kuyoholela ekutheni amaqabunga e-pubescent. Ukuze ukwandise umswakama ozungeze lesi sitshalo, ibhodlela lingabekwa phezu kwepenethi ene-peat emanzi noma ubumba obunwetshiwe. Qinisekisa ukuthi phansi ebhodweni akuthinti amanzi. U-Episia uzizwa ekhululekile uma ekhula ezindaweni zokuhlala nezindawo zokugcina izithombo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Esikhathini sokukhula okusebenzayo kokugeleza kwemifino ye-nail, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ukufaka umanyolo kwenziwa njalo emva kwamasonto amabili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isisombululo samaminerali amaminerali anzima, ahlanjululwe izikhathi ezimbili uma kuqhathaniswa nezincomo ezivela kubo. Uma usebenzisa ama-organic fertilizer, kufanele futhi uwaphule izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-2 kunezindlwana eziphakanyisiwe.
Ukwenziwa kwesihlahla. Incwadi kumele ifakwe, njengoba ikhula ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, udinga ukunciphisa amahlumela, kanye nama-rosettes ahlangene kusuka kumagatsha okusika ukuze atshale ebhodweni elifanayo, khona-ke isihlahla sizoba lush. Izinhlobo ze-ampellar ze-epiphy zisakazeka kalula futhi zivame ukuthatha izimpande kumabhodwe angomakhelwane, okunciphisa isikhalazo sabo sokuhlobisa. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuba ubeke izitshalo noma ubeke izimbiza, bese izinhlanzi ezinwabuzelayo zingenayo indawo yokuthatha izimpande.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo. Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ngonyaka, okungcono entwasahlobo. Ukuhlukunyezwa ukhethe okubanzi, kodwa izimbiza eziphansi. Inhlabathi kumele ibe yisenzo esincane esicacile noma esingathathi hlangothi (pH 5.5 - 6.5) sobunjwa obulandelayo: umhlaba weqabunga, i-peat (noma umhlaba we-greenhouse), isihlabathi somfula ngokwesilinganiso se-2: 1: 1. Kuyofaka ama-particle ama-sphagnum moss. I-substrate ingaba nokwakhiwa okuhlukile: iqabunga lomhlaba, isanti ne-peat ngesilinganiso se-2: 1: 1, futhi sinokuhlanganiswa kwe-sphagnum nezinhlayiya zamalahle. Ezingxenyeni zezentengiselwano zisebenzisa "i-Violet", njll. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nemifudlana emihle nemigodi emikhulu yokudonsa phansi kwesitsha.
Ukukhiqiza. Iziqephu zisakazwe ngokwemifino (cuttings) kanye nembewu.
Ukukhiqizwa yi-cuttings kuyindlela elula yokukhiqiza. Ukudubula ngamakhadi atholakalayo (3-4), kodwa ngaphandle kwamacembe amahlangothi kufanele afakwe emanzini. Ungazicwilisi ngokujulile, cishe ngo-3-4 cm. Enye indlela ukucubungula isikhwama sezintombi ngaphandle kwendiza esitshalweni somama. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubeka ibhodlela eceleni kwesimangalo somama kanye ne-prikopat indodakazi encane enhlabathini enomanzi ebhontsheni. Izinkinga nge-rooting ye-cuttings azikwenzeka, ama-rootlets avela phakathi nesonto elilodwa. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwenqwaba yezinhlanzi akusilo ngaphansi kwe-18 ° C, futhi okuhle kakhulu kunama-25 ° C. Njengoba izitshalo ezincane zikhula, zifakwa esitsheni 2-3 cm ububanzi obukhulu kunangaphambili . Ububanzi obuningi bommbila wesikhombisi somuntu omdala ngu-20 cm. I-stem cuttings ye-epiphyles ingagxila ngqo emhlabathini we-substrate. Ama-Cuttings kufanele ahlukaniswe, atshalwe enhlabathini ekhanyayo emabhokisini angu-7-9-sentimitha bese emboza ibhodlela ngembiza, ngaleyo ndlela adle umfana omncane.
Kunzima kokunakekelwa
Uma izindawo ezibomvu zivela emaqabunga e-epic, kusho ukuthi amanzi ashisayo asetshenziselwa ukuphuza lesi sitshalo. Khumbula ukuthi amanzi kufanele afudumele.
Uma amaqabunga ehlamvu ephuzi, khona-ke isitshalo sibhekene nokudlulela ngokweqile kwamakhomikhali, umoya omile kakhulu futhi oshisayo kakhulu, futhi kusukela emisebeni yelanga.
Uma i-patch ephuzi ivela emaqabeni nezimbali ze-epicia, khona-ke isitshalo sithinteka yi-gray gray noma i-powdery isikhutha. Lezi zifo zenzeka ezimweni ezimbi, ngokwesibonelo, ngehlabathi elidala elihlabayo futhi egumbini elingenamoya.
Uma lesi sitshalo singaqhakazi, khona-ke sizizwa ukungabi nokukhanya, ukuntuleka komsoco, noma ikamelo liyabanda kakhulu noma lomoya omile. Isimo esifanayo senzeka lapho okuqukethwe kwesiqephu kungalungile phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula, nangomanyolo owandisa kakhulu we-nitrogenous, ngokumiswa kwe-substrate njalo.
Izinambuzane: ama-aphid, izimpethu ze-mealy, i-whitefly, i-scabies, i-thrips.