Namuhla ukubhema kuyimkhuba evamile kakhulu evamile. Kodwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuphela kwekhulu le-15, abantu babengazi lutho ngogwayi. Ababhemayo bokuqala babengabanqobi baseSpain baseMelika. Abangane bakaChristopher Columbus babethwa ngumkhuba wamaNdiya wendawo ukuguqula amaqabunga esitshalo esingaziwa engxenyeni, ukufaka umlilo ekugcineni, ukufaka umusi emlonyeni nokukhululwa ngomlomo. Kungani amaNdiya abhema? Mhlawumbe, ngokubhema ugwayi, baxosha izinyosi zokuluma noma bahlambalaza izilo zasendle. AmaNdiya aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika aphuza amaqabunga kagwayi eboshwe emaqabungeni esundu noma emagumbini, amaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika afaka amaqabunga e-crumbled abe amashubhu akhethekile. Kwakukhona ngisho nomkhuba wokubhema we-"tube tube" lapho, ngemva kokuphikisana kwegazi, abaphikisi bokuqala bezinhlanga ezihlukene babehlezi embuthaneni, umholi wavula ipayipi wayidlulisela esitheni esihlezi eduze kwakhe ngesibonakaliso sokubuyisana. Wamisa okwesikhashana futhi wanikela lowo owamamukelayo olandelayo. Ngakho ipayipi yezwe ingene kumbuthano. Abanye abasolwandle baseSpain baqala ukulingisa amaNdiya futhi baba umlutha wokubhema. Ungacabanga ukuthi izakhamuzi zasePortugal zasimangaza kanjani, zibona ukubuya kwabagibeli, bevumela ukubhema emakhaleni nasemlonyeni. Abalwandle basusa eMelika eziningi izitshalo eziwusizo: amazambane, i-sunflower, kodwa banenkinga enkulu ebanjwe eYurophu. Futhi ugwayi olungenalutho luyanda kakhulu ezweni lonke elidala, nakuba ukuzala kwalo kuyinkampani enzima futhi ebiza. Okokuqala ezincane ezinqolobaneni zokugcina izithombo zikhule izithombo, bese uzifakisela emkhakheni. Amaqabunga asekhulile ahlukaniswa ngesandla, afakwe ezintambo ezintambo futhi amiswe izinsuku eziningana kumashiki ngokulangazelela. Lapho amaqabunga ephuzi bese ethola iphunga elimqoka, ekugcineni limile futhi limile.
Abantu bathole ukubhema ugwayi ngendlela efanele. Ezolimo, uthuli oludakayo lusetshenziselwa ukulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Futhi iziqu zikagwayi ngaphandle kokulimala zingadliwa izinkomo.
Ukuvela kogwayi eYurophu kuhlotshaniswa negama le-ambassador yaseFrance ePortugal, uJean Niko. Ngokombiko owodwa, nguye owaletha ugwayi eMelika. U-Niko wangcolisa igama lakhe egameni lezinto ezinobuthi ezikhishwe ngesikhathi sokubhema - i-nicotine. I-Nicotine iyingozi kakhulu. Iphakethe lama-cigarettes angu-20 liqukethe ama-milligram angu-50 we-nikotine. Uma inani elinjalo lingena emzimbeni ngesikhathi esisodwa, ubuthi obuyobe bubulalayo. Ngaphezu kwe-nicotine, intuthu kagwayi iqukethe izinsini ezihlukahlukene, i-carbon monoxide ne-soot ebangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Yingakho kuyingozi kwabangewona abokubhema ukuba babe egumbini eligcwele ubusi. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuqala ukubhema ngesikhathi sobusha. Ababhemayo bakhathele ngokushesha, balala ebusuku, bavame ukuphathwa ikhanda. Esikoleni, abahlakaniphile kangako, balwela ukuxazulula izinkinga futhi bafunde izinto ezintsha. Emakilasi emfundo engokwenyama bahlale behlehlisela emuva: abakwazi ukugijima esiphambanweni, baqala ukudikiba. Futhi akukho mbuzo wokuwina imincintiswano!
Imiphumela yokubhema ihlotshaniswa nesibhamu esikhulu sezifo eziyingozi. Lo mkhuba wesabekayo ubangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukushaywa yisifo sofuba, i-bronchitis engapheli, i-emphysema, i-cancer ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengu-40 ababhema, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-myocardial kwenzeka izikhathi eziphindwe kasikhombisa ngaphezu kwalabo abangenawo umlutha. Abesifazane ababhema izikhathi ezingu-10 ngokuvamile bahlushwa ukungabi nabantwana, futhi amadoda ahlakulela amandla.
Ukuqeda lo mkhuba kunzima kakhulu, ngisho nalabo abawufuna kabi. Ngokuyinhloko, ngoba i-nicotine ibangela ukuthembela okuqinile kumuntu. Kodwa ukuyeka ukubhema ngezinye izikhathi kunzima nakakhulu ngoba kuyindlela yokuziphatha.
Nazi ezinye izincomo kubantu abaye banquma ukuyeka ukubhema:
- Khetha usuku lapho uyeka ukubhema. Yibize usuku lwezempilo. Kunconywa ukuthi angakapheli amasonto amabili ngesinqumo.
- Cela izihlobo, abangane, abangani ukuthi bakusekele kulokhu kusebenza.
- Kungaba kuhle uma uqala ukubhema nomuntu ovela kubangani bakho ukuze wabelane ngempumelelo noma ukwehluleka futhi uthole iseluleko ngesikhathi.
- Buza abangani bakho ukuba bakuphike ngokuphelele ukuthi ufuna ukubhema.
- Kanciphisa kancane kancane inani lokubhema ugwayi ngezingcezu ezintathu kuya kwezintathu.
- Zama ukungabheyi ugwayi kuze kube sekupheleni, ngoba engxenyeni yayo yokugcina iqukethe izinto eziyingozi kakhulu.
- Ungashiyi ama-stubs egumbini, uwalahle ngokushesha.
- Isikhathi ngasinye ukwandisa isikhathi phakathi kokubhema. Ungathathi ngokujulile.
- Yeka ukuthenga ugwayi, futhi njalo ubabuze kumuntu ovela kudlula. Kancane kancane uzozizwa unamahloni ngalokhu, futhi abantu bazoshesha ngokushesha podnadost.
- Isikhathi esiningi sokuchitha emoyeni omusha.
- Yiba nemfundo emzimbeni, ubhalisele isigaba sezemidlalo.
- Uma ufuna ukubhema, thinta icala. Kungaba umsebenzi wesikole kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba.
- Faka esikhundleni ugwayi nge chewing gum, hhayi candy.
- Yeka ukubhema kanye nonke!