Cishe wonke umuntu oneminyaka engama-50 ubudala unenkinga yokulahlekelwa inkumbulo. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba ukukhohlwa okuyisisekelo, lapho ngokungazelelwe igama lomdlali oyithandwayo noma igama lefilimu likhohliwe. Kodwa lokhu kusekude nesifo. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zokukhohlwa zitholakala cishe kuzo zonke abantu. Ukugula kwangempela okuhlobene nokulahlekelwa kwememori, njengombuso, kuza ngemuva kwesikhathi eside. Futhi ubizwa ngokuthi yi-Alzheimer's disease.
Ukuguga, ukuguga kancane kancane kobuchopho kuqala ngokubunjwa kwamacwecwe amancane namathanga amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokubonakaliswa kokuqala kwesifo. Umsebenzi wokukhumbula umkhuba uhilela inqubo yokufunda nokukhumbula ngekhanda. Lokhu kudinga ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa kwezindawo eziningana zobuchopho namaseli obuchopho (neurons) ngaphakathi kubo. Isisindo ngasinye sezinzwa zobuchopho bethu sinomsila osebenza njengocingo lwezingcingo ezidlulisela umfutho wesibindi emithonjeni engomakhelwane. Ama-neurons athatha izimpendulo ezingenakubalwa ngokusebenzisa ama-dendrites - amafayili amancane ahamba ngezindlela ezahlukene. I-neurons yolwazi lokushintshanisa ubuchopho nezinkulungwane zamagatsha ahlanganisa ama-axon kanye nama-dendrites, ekupheleni kwawo ngamunye kunesivumelwano esiqaphela ulwazi oluthile. I-neuron ngayinye ine-synapses ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.
Ukukhipha lolu lwazi nokulibuyisela kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhumbula. Le nqubo iyenzeka ngosizo lweprotheni ekhethekile, ekhona ku-cortex ye-cerebral - ungqimba lwangaphandle oluqukethe indaba eluhlaza. Esikhathini esithile, lolu lwazi lugcinwe ku-hippocampus - isakhiwo esikhethekile ngesimo se-seahorse esise-lobe esesikhashana sobuchopho. Isebenza njenge-RAM yomsakazo, futhi inqubo yokuhambisa ulwazi kwimemori engunaphakade, lapho i-hippocampus ixhumana ne-cortex yobuchopho, ifana nokubhala idatha kwi-hard drive.
Kunoma yisiphi isimo, izinzwa zethu zithinta izithombe ezibukwayo, imisindo edlula ememori yethu esheshayo, bese ifika esifundeni senkumbulo yesikhashana. Inqubo encane yokwaziswa okuvela kwimemori yesikhathi esifushane, sikhumbula. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhumbula ulwazi isikhathi eside ukuyiphinda, ukuyihambisa ngenkuthalo endaweni yesikhumbuzo sesikhathi eside. Uma ulwazi luhlehlisiwe kwimemori yesikhathi eside, luzoqhubeka luqhubeka futhi lungasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi.
Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, isimo sekumemori sihlahloka. Ngokukhubazeka kwememori ehlobene neminyaka, kunzima kakhulu umuntu ukuba akhumbule imicimbi yakamuva kunemicimbi yasedlule. Ukukhubazeka kwememori kubonakala ngaphezulu ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Uma isikhathi singaqala ukugcina impilo yobuchopho, ukulimala okuhlobene neminyaka ekukhunjweni kungahle kube yizinga eliphezulu lokukhubazeka komsebenzi wengqondo. Izinguquko ebuchosheni bethu nokukhunjulwa kwememori kwenzeka kancane kancane futhi ziqala ekuseni kakhulu. Abantu abane-intelligence ephansi bahlupheka kaningi ngesifo se-Alzheimer's. Nakuba ucwaningo lwamuva lufakazela ukuthi lesi akusona isizathu kuphela. Kuphawula ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwengqondo nokucindezeleka okuvamile kunomthelela omkhulu ekugugeni kobuchopho. Akubalulekile kangako ukugujwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Phakathi nokuguga kobuchopho, imikhiqizo yokubola iqoqa, ubuchopho buvumelana kancane kancane futhi i-atrophies.
Ubuchopho bomuntu buba ngu-1.3 kg. Ubuchopho besifazane buphezu kuka 1.2 kg. Kukholelwa ukuthi nakuba ubuchopho besifazane futhi buncane, busebenza ngokuphumelelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, amakhono okuqonda abamele abesilisa abahlukene bobulili abalinganiswa. Ubuchopho besifazane bungu-55% wegrey, kanti owesilisa - kuphela 50%. Lokhu kuchaza amakhono aphakeme okukhuluma ulimi nokukhuluma kwabesifazane, kanye nokukwazi ukuhamba esikhaleni nokubona ulwazi olubukwayo - kumadoda.
Namuhla, odokotela banolwazi nobuchwepheshe obuvumela ukuba bathole ushintsho ebuchosheni ekuqaleni. Kodwa ngamunye wethu kufanele acabange masinyane ngezinkinga zethu ngenkumbulo kusukela esemncane, hhayi ukufakazela ukukhohlwa kwabo okuvamile. Enye yezindlela ezingcono zokulondoloza impilo yengqondo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukukhumbula imemori kungokwesazi esidumile sezinzwa ze-California, uGary Small. Kulabo abafuna ukugcina ingqondo enhle nokukhumbula okukhulu, uDkt Small unikeza inqubo yakhe, efaka amaphuzu amathathu.
- Okwokuqala ngukubona, lapho umuntu okufanele aqonde khona ulwazi.
- Esesibili sithombeni, lapho kufanele udale khona izithombe ezingokomfanekiso ezikhanyayo.
- Okwesithathu ukuhlanganiswa, okungukuthi, ukubopha izithombe zengqondo zibe yinye.