Abazali abaningi bacabanga ngokucabangela indlela yokwehlukanisa ukudla komntwana ngemuva konyaka, futhi njalo abazi ukuthi yiziphi imikhiqizo ongayondla ingane yakho, futhi yiziphi ezingakufanele. Umzimba okhulayo udinga ukudla okunezakhi, amavithamini namaminerali. Kodwa ingabe yonke imikhiqizo efanelekayo kokudla kwezingane? Ake sizame ukuqonda lo mbuzo.
Ngokwezinsana zezingane, ukudla komntwana ngemuva konyaka kudlulela ekudleni komdala. Ngalesi sizukulwane, ukukhiqizwa kwejusi yamantombazane yengane kunyuke kakhulu, kusetshenzwa izixhobo zokuhlakulela, futhi kufanele abhekane nanoma yikuphi ukudla. Ngemuva konyaka ingane ingadla inyama, umdlalo, amaqanda, iphalishi, i-cottage shizi, imifino ehlukene nezithelo, nemikhiqizo yefulawa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ingane ngeprotein yesilwane esanele. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo yobisi, ubisi, inyama namaqanda kufanele unikezwe ingane nsuku zonke. Ekudleni kwansuku zonke kufanele kuhlanganise nemifino, izithelo, okusanhlamvu nezinye izitsha ezenziwe okusanhlamvu.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi amandla wengane adinga kule minyaka aphezulu ngokwanele. Umsoco womntwana kufanele ube ne-4 g amaprotheni, ama-4 g wamafutha kanye no-16 g we-carbohydrate ngosuku ngosuku ngalunye ngesisindo somzimba. Amaprotheni angu-70% wezinsuku zonke kufanele avele kumaprotheni wesilwane, futhi amafutha emifino kufanele abe okungenani ama-13% wemali yansuku zonke. Okuqukethwe kwe-caloric yokulinganisa kwengane eneminyaka engama-1 kuya kwengu-3 kufanele ibe yi-1540 kcal ngosuku, okuyingxenye yesigamu sokudla kwansuku zonke komuntu omdala.
Inzuzo enkulu yengane izoletha ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi obumuncu equkethe amaprotheni omzimba, amafutha, amaminerali kanye namavithamini omzimba awusizo futhi kalula. Imikhiqizo yobisi lwama-sour iqukethe amabhaktheriya e-lactic acid, evumela uhlelo lokugaya, luba nethonya elihle kumakamelo amathumbu emathumbu, ukwandise ukumelana nezifo. Ubisi, ama-yogurts kanye ne-kefir kumntwana kunganikezwa nsuku zonke, ukhilimu omuncu, i-cottage shizi, ukhilimu noshizi - zonke izinsuku ukuze kuhlukaniswe ukudla. Abazali kufanele banakekele okuqukethwe kwamafutha emikhiqizo yobisi. Imikhiqizo yokudliwa yanconywa ngabantu abadala akufanelekele ukondla umntwana. Ubisi kanye namajegri kufanele kube namafutha angama-3%, ama-kefir - avela ku-2.5%, ukhilimu omuncu kanye ne-curd ingaba namafutha angama-10%. Kodwa i-yogurt kufanele ibe yiyobisi (hhayi e-creamy), iqukethe inani elincani lama-carbohydrate, futhi linikezwa linconywa okungaphezulu kuka-100 ml ngosuku.
Ngokuphelele, ezinhlobonhlobo zezitsha, ingane kufanele idle 550-600 ml yobisi nemikhiqizo yobisi ngosuku. Emkhakheni wezingane, kuze kube ngu-200 ml we-kefir ekhethekile ekhuthazwa izingane zingenziwa nsuku zonke. Uma ingane ingatholakali ubisi lwezinkomo, ungaqhubeka nokunikeza ubisi amafomula kubantwana kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12 (azibandakanyi i-whey, ubisi kuphela). I-cottage ushizi ngumthombo obalulekile wamaprotheni ne-calcium, unganikezwa ingane kuze kube ngu-50 amagremu ngosuku. Ungathenga ama-curds ezinganeni ngaphandle kokugcwalisa bese ufaka amazambane akho ozithandayo abathandayo. Ukhilimu omuncu nekhilimu asetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa ezinye izitsha. Njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2 ingane inganikezwa ushizi ochotshoziwe (cishe amagremu ama-5).
Iwusizo kakhulu ekunceliseni ingane ezihlukahlukene ze-porridge (i-oatmeal, i-buckwheat, i-corn, i-semolina). Zingaphekwa ngobisi noma ngamanzi ngokufaka inani elincane lebhotela. Esigodini ungakwazi ukwengeza izithelo ezihlanzekile. I-Buckwheat ingadliwa ngemifino, iphinde isebenze njengesitsha esihle sokudla inyama.
Amaqanda kufanele afakwe ekudleni ngokucophelela: umntwana angabonisa ukungezwani komzimba noma ukwephulwa kwezingqinamba zomdanso we-gallbladder. Kodwa uma zingekho izinkinga ezinjalo, umsoco womntwana ungahlukahluka ngezinkukhu noma amaqanda ezinkukhu (angaphezu kweyodwa ngosuku). Ekuqaleni kunconywa ukuba ukhawulele kuphela isikhukhukhu esinzima esibilisiwe esixutshwe nama-puree yemifino, futhi ngemva kweminyaka eyodwa nengxenye ungakwazi ukwengeza iqanda izitsha ezihlukahlukene.
Ingane eneminyaka eyodwa ubudala isivele iyakwazi ukudla inyama futhi kufanele ithole ngobuningi obukhulu. Kodwa indlela efanele ukuletha inyama ekudleni kwengane? Phela, ngeke umnike isobho noma ingulube ethosiwe namazambane, kodwa inyama entsha ehlanzekile embizeni ayibukeka imnandi kakhulu. Izitsha ezinomsoco nezinempilo ezivela inyama enobisi zizosiza ukuhlukanisa ukudla: izimpande ze-steam, ama-crochets amancane, inyama yezinyama ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zamanoni ezinkomo, inyama yengulube, inkukhu, i-turkey, unogwaja. Zikulungele ukuncelisa umntwana, njengoba kulula ukuwahlafuna. Unganikeza ngisho namasseji, anconywa ukuba ancelise abantwana. Kodwa amasobho kanye nemikhiqizo efanayo iyavinjelwa ngenxa yemali eningi yamafutha nezakhi zokufakelwa. Kusuka inyama nemifino, ungalungisa izinsalela ezihlukahlukene, ama-pures, lapha abazali banendawo enkulu yokucabanga. Isitsha singahlotshwa kahle ngokudweba imidwebo emihle emifinini, futhi ukuguqula ukudla okujwayelekile kube yindlela yokwelapha yangempela.
Lapho unquma ukuthi ungayinciphisa kanjani umsoco wengane emva konyaka owodwa, abazali abaningi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi konke okwenza ukudla okunempilo nokuphilile komuntu omdala okuhola impilo esebenzayo kuhle kumntwana. Uma kungabikho ukwelashwa, ingane inganikezwa ngisho nezinhlanzi ezingekho amafutha. Ukudla okusemathinini okufanelekile okuvela ku-pollock, i-cod, i-haddock, i-hake ne-souffle yenhlanzi. Ingane eneminyaka elilodwa ingadla inhlanzi izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto ngama-30-40 amagremu ngesikhathi.
Ekudleni kwengane kufanele kube khona imifino nezithelo ezintsha. Ukuphela komkhawulo ukuthambekela kokuya emzimbeni. Uma le nkinga ikhona, kufanele uvikele imifino, izithelo namajikijolo abomvu noma ama-orange (ama-strawberries, ama-orang, utamatisi) futhi unake izithelo zombala ohlaza obala, isibonelo, ama-apula, amapheya. Ukusuka emifino ekudleni kwengane kungeza izaqathe, ikholifulawa, broccoli, zucchini. Amazambane nama-saladi agcoke amaqabunga afanelekile agcwele amafutha yemifino (6 g ngosuku). Ungangezela kokudla nebhotela enani elifinyelela ku-17 amagremu ngosuku.
Ungaqala ukufundisa ingane ukuba idle ukudla ngesinkwa - rye noma ukolweni kusuka ekudleni okugaya. Unganiki ingane yakho ushokoledi, i-soda, i-candy. Amaswidi, usenesikhathi sokuzama, lapho ekhula. Kodwa akukho okungahambi kahle nge-cookie ethanda ingane. Kuyamukeleka ukunikeza ingane 1-2 izingcezu zamakhukhi ekudleni kokudla.