Kuze kube maduzane, wonke umuntu wayeqiniseka ngokukhula komnotho waseRussia, futhi imfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wabathengi abathuthukayo-ukuphila kwesikweletu-okuthembisiwe kuphela "okwamanje". Isikhathi sokubala siqale, njengokujwayelekile, ngokungalindelekile. Le nkinga yasibamba singakulungele! Ngingakwazi yini manje ukuthenga imoto noma indlu ngesikweletu? Kungenzeka yini ukuthatha isikhwama semali esikhwameni esingaqediwe? Ubani owanikwa isikweletu manje? Futhi ingabe kufanelekile ukuboleka manje, noma kungcono ukungabandakanyeki ebuhlotsheni besikweletu namabhange? Sifuna impendulo yale mibuzo ndawonye ...
KUPHELA
Okulandelayo, ngemuva kokuzenzakalela kuka-1998, ukuhlolwa kwamandla ohlelweni lwebhange laseRussia kwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva - ekwindla ngo-2008. Kodwa-ke, ukwesaba phakathi kwabantu, iBhange Elikhulu kanye nohulumeni bakwazi ukuyeka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izitatimende ezithembekileyo zezikhulu eziphezulu ukuthi "inkinga yaseRussia ayiyona into embi," futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhulisa inani le-deposit insured ibe ngu-700,000 ruble. NgoDisemba kwacaca ukuthi abantu abavamile bayeka ukuthatha imali yabo emabhange, kanti labo abasafuni ukukhathazeka ngemisebenzi yabo.
Nokho, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2010 kwaba sobala: izinkinga ziqala nje futhi azifuni ukuxazululwa. Okokuqala, lokhu kuhlinzekwa "ngesikweletu" esibi. Ngokushesha nje lapho umkweletu (ibhange) engabaza ukuthi lowo obolekayo (iklayenti) uyobuyisa imali ebolekiwe (ngenzalo, yebo), isikweletu sibizwa "asihle". Uma ibhange lingawutholi inzuzo kulo mboleko, ayikwazi ukukhokha inzalo kulabo abanikezela imali (abanikazi bephoyisithi). Konke lokhu kuye kwaphoqa amabhange ukuba abukeze ngokujulile inqubomgomo yawo mayelana nokubolekwa okwenziwe. Okokuqala, kwakunciphisa izinhlelo zokuboleka imali. Izikweletu zesikhathi eside kakhulu - izimali zokubolekwa kwempahla - yizo zokuqala zokushaya. Izinhlelo ezinhle zokubolekisa amaqhwa ngokuphepha kwezindlu ezingenamuntu nezingenamkhawulo.
Umthamo wezikweletu ezikhishwe ngokuzenzakalela uma uqhathaniswa nokuphela konyaka odlule wehlile izikhathi ezinhlanu. Amanani ngokwesilinganiso aphindwe kabili (kusuka ku-10-15% kuya ku-20-30% ku-ruble), inani lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivunyiwe lilokhu liyehla kancane kusukela ngonyaka odlule we-80%, kanti ubukhulu bokukhokha okuphansi (cishe ngo-30%) buyanda.
Ukubolekwa kwabathengi nakho kwenze izinguquko futhi akuyona engcono kunazo zonke ababoleki. Ngomzamo wokunciphisa izindleko, amabhange avaliwe emahhovisi "okubolekisa ngemali", ngakho esicasulayo ezinqolobaneni ezinkulu zemishini yasendlini ngonyaka odlule. Ngokumelene nalokhu okwenzekayo ukudumazeka kwezinga lokungahlali kwemisebenzi emalimboleko yesikhathi esifushane ngekheshi futhi kwavuka amazinga okurekhoda (isibalo sezingu-40% sezindleko zemali mboleko namuhla akekho omangazayo). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanikazi bama-credit card amakhadi babhekana nokunciphisa okukhulu emkhawulweni okhona.
I-PORTRAIT OF THE BORROWER IDEAL
Ngokuqondene nale nkinga, izici ezithatha izinga lokuthembeka kwamaklayenti angase zishintshe. Njengomthetho, amabhange acabangela izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa: ubudala, umsebenzi, izinga lokuthola imali, isimo somshado, njll.
Esikhathini sabantu ababolekayo abayingozi, kwakunezisebenzi ezimbonini ezazibhekwa ngaphambili njengezinzile: izinkampani zezezimali nezokuklama, i-metallurgy kanye nebhizinisi lokukhangisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimo sezisebenzi zikahulumeni sishintshile ngokuphawulekayo - seziba amakhasimende afisa kakhulu amabhange. Bawuthatha kalula imali.
Phakathi kwamakhasimende abo izinhlangano zezimali zifuna ukubona abantu abanezikhundla ezizinzile. Abantu abasha (abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-21) abangenalo umsebenzi wezemali noma ngisho nemfundo ephakeme bathola imali mboleko ngaphandle kwama-guarantors akunakwenzeka.
UKUPHILA NGAPHAMBILI
Manje isimo sezimakethe zekhredithi kunomthelela. Kodwa-ke, ngokumelene neqiniso elivamile ukuthi imali ephansi nje kuphela ehamba phambili emnothweni, akunakwenzeka ukuphikisa noma yini ebalulekile. Ukuqaphela lokhu, uhulumeni wahlela izinhlelo eziningana ezihloselwe ukusekela izimakethe zokubolekwa kwempahla kanye nemoto. Esikhathini sokuqala, noma kunjalo, umsebenzi oqakathekileko ukugcina ababoleki abakhona. Kubo, kusetshenziswe izinga lokuvuselela imali ngemali mboleko ngosizo lwe-Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending. I-co-finance yenkokhelo yemali yokubolekwa kwemali yemali inezinhloso ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukusekela amabhange nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwembonini yezimoto zasemakhaya. Okuyinhloko kwalolu hlelo ukuthi ukuthenga okungabizi (kuze kube ngu-rubles ayizinkulungwane ezingu-350.) Imoto ingenziwa ngenkokhelo ngenani elincishisiwe. Noma kunjalo, ukwandiswa kwemakethe kwabahlaziyi bezinkampani zezikweletu ngokubambisana kuthiwa akunakwenzeka. Amabhange kuzodingeka ashiye inzuzo eyengeziwe eyanikela ngemali mboleko, nabathengi - kusukela ekungeneni okungahleliwe futhi babuyele esimweni sokuqongelela kancane kancane okufunayo. Futhi ukuziphendulela umbuzo othi "Ingabe kufanelekile ukuboleka manje?" Akubi yini.
5 IMIBUZO YOKUQONDISA IDEA UKUTHOLA ISIKHATHI:
1. Awunayo isabelomali somuntu siqu lesikweletu.
2. Ufuna ukuthenga into onayo kakade.
3. Kufanele ukhokhele izinkokhelo zokukhokha kwesikhathi esilandelayo kumabhilikithi asevisi.
4. Usuvele unomthwalo wesikweletu.
5. Ukuthenga akuphuthumayo. Uma ungakwazi ukuhambisa umgomo wakho ezinyangeni eziyisithupha eziseduze, mhlawumbe awudingi ukusebenzisa imali yasebhange. Ukunciphisa iminikelo elinganisiwe yokufaka idiphozi ephindaphindiwe, futhi uzoba nethuba lokushaya amanani entengo.