Amakhemikhali ekamelo: incazelo.
Ngokuvamile izindlu zezitshalo ze-lemon ziyinto enhle kakhulu enemifino enobumnyama obuhlaza obumnyama obungagcwalisa igumbi ngephunga lamaphupho, likhanyise ubuhle bezimbali, sicela uhlanganise nama-pimples amaphuzu aluhlaza, ngesikhathi sokugcwala kwezithelo zegolide, ukuletha injabulo nempilo kubanikazi.
E-Russia, umlando wokubukeka kwalesi sitshalo kuye kwagcinwa. Okumangalisa ukuthi ekuqaleni izitshalo ze-citrus zitholakala kuphela emakhaya ompofu. Ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka edlule, umdwebi wezandla wayiletha ama-cask amabili ePavlovo (e-Oka) esuka eTurkey, lapho kwakukhona khona izihlahla zemithi. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ama-lemons asetshalwe ekhaya futhi bonke abavakashi abafika edolobheni lasePavlovo bazobona emafasiteleni ezindlu imifino nezithelo ze-citrus.
Izwe lakuleli eliphakathi kwe-citrus: izifunda zasemazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kube nokukhula okuhle, izimbali kanye nokuba khona kwezithelo, isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya, umswakama nokushisa okwanele.
Kwezitshalo ze-citrus, i-lemon iye yaziwa kakhulu futhi ayisetshenziswanga kuphela ebhodini, kodwa futhi ekukhiqizeni izimboni.
Umuthi ulamula, hhayi phezulu, ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kunezinhlamvu ezinamandla ze-spiny. Izimbali ze-lemon ziyaqhubeka kulo lonke ihlobo, zikhula ngezimbali ezimnandi. Emagatsheni omabili izithelo ezivuthiwe nezithelo eziluhlaza zingaba kanyekanye. Uma ushiya izithelo ezivuthiwe esihlahleni, kuzophendulela ngokuhlaza futhi zizophuzi futhi ngenkathi entsha.
Hlwanyela imbewu idinga ukuhlanza, okungukuthi, ithathwe nje kulamula. Inyanga ngemva kwalokho amahlumela aqala ukuvela. Lapho uneminyaka engama-3 ubudala, lesi sitshalo sitshalwe nge-oculization, ne-gark ehlukanisiwe kahle, manje kwenzeka ngoMeyi noma ngo-Agasti. Uma lesi sitshalo singaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, sitshalwe nge-cuttings uma kukhona izinso ezimbili. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo siqala ukuthela izithelo emva kweminyaka emithathu. Amafihleli okuqala kufanele asuswe. Iminyaka engama-4 ungashiya esihlahleni 4 ama-ovaries. Isikhathi ngasinye umthwalo wezithelo ukwanda, futhi emthini omdala bangaba ngamanani amaningana.
Zonke izitshalo zamalamula ezikhulile ezigumbini zendawo zinezikhathi eziphawulekayo emjikelezweni wabo wokuphila. Ngonyaka, izimbali, ngakho-ke ukuhlanganiswa kwesithelo kwamanye amacala kugcinwe izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi ezintathu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhula kwemifino yesitshalo kwenzeka emagagasi, kuyilapho amahlumela amasha ekhula emagatsheni.
Ngosizo lokuphumula ungasheshisa ukuqala kwezitshalo zezimbali. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ihlumela elincane lishiya amaqabunga ama-3-5, kuphela phezulu kwesitshalo kususwe. Ngakho-ke izihlahla zemononi zakhiwa zibukeke zibucayi. Amaqabunga aphindwe izikhathi ezimbili futhi emthini izinto ezidingekayo ukuze kube nezimbali eziluhlaza futhi kutholakale i-fruiting ephumelelayo. Kulokhu, izihlahla zelamula ziqala ukuqhakaza ngonyaka wokuqala, azikwazi ukuchitha amaqabunga azo futhi azigula.
Iqabunga le-citrus lingaphila cishe iminyaka emithathu. Kwaqashelwe ukuthi isivuno sincike ekulondolozweni kwekhava lekhasi.
Ukusheshisa inqubo yezimbali, kungenzeka futhi ngenye indlela: uma ngabe umuthi ulamula ukhulile kusuka ku-cuttings, awuketshenziswanga, kepha udluliselwa kuze kube seminyaka emibili.
I-transshipment yezitshalo yenziwa kuphela lapho uhlelo lwempande luhlala kulo lonke isitsha bese lushiya imigodi yamanzi.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwelamula.
Indawo. I-Lemon - izitshalo ezingathandi ama-drafts futhi zikhetha ilanga elihlakazekile. Ukuze uthole impilo engcono yesitshalo ibekwe eceleni, eceleni kwewindi. Ehlobo, umuthi ungafakwa emgwaqweni. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sifakwa ekamelweni eligcwele umoya oshisayo kuze kube ngu-8 oC .
Ama-buds akhula ngama-15-17 degrees, uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, lokhu kuyathinta izimbali. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwamapods, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe yizi-2 degrees ngaphezulu. Esikhathini sekwindla nobusika selulekwa ukuba sinikeze isitshalo ngezinye izibani zokukhanyisa, ngaleyo ndlela senze usuku lokukhanya okungenani amahora angu-4.
Ukunisela. Ukunisela kulinganisa futhi kwenziwa njengoba i-substrate ikoma ngamanzi athambile. Ekuseni nakusihlwa kuyadingeka ukuba uchithe amaqabunga, ngoba lesi sitshalo asibekezeli umoya omile, bese uqala ukulahla izimbali namaqabunga. Uma lesi sitshalo sigcinwa ngo-20 ° C noma ngaphezulu, kunconywa ukuba ukwandise umswakama womoya, ngoba lokhu kwanele ukubeka isitsha esigcwele amanzi eduze nesitshalo.
Ukunakekela. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sikholwa izinsuku ezingu-10 kanye, ebusika ngezinsuku ezingu-30 kanye.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-0.5% se-potassium nitrate kanye nesisombululo sesisombululo se-superphosphate nge-add slurry. Ngomanyolo ngesimo slurry (ngesilinganiso se-1 ingxenye yomquba, ezingxenyeni eziyishumi zamanzi), lesi sitshalo sidinga ikakhulukazi ngoMeyi.
Umqhele womuthi udinga ukwakheka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lesi sitshalo esincane sitshelwa ngoFebhuwari nge-tip, kepha sishiya amaqabunga ama-5-6, kamuva asakha amahlumela okuqala, okukhona okulingana nawo ama-3-4 amahlumela. Ngakho faka igatsha loku-oda elibili. Ngemuva kokubunjwa kwamagatsha amane ehlathini kubhekwa ukuthi kwakhiwe. Kuze kube yilapho isihlahla sakhiwa, izimbali azivunyelwe, ngoba ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga evela khona, ukukhula kwemifino kuyama.
Iphakamisa i-lemon ehlumayo nge-brush noma i-cotton swab, lapho impova idluliselwa khona ku-stamens yezinye izimbali ukuya eminye imibala.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo. Kuzo zonke izinto zokuphila, lezi zindlu zingakhula kuphela ezimbizeni ezimbili. Okokuqala, i-lemon itshalwe embizeni yokuqala ka 20-25 cm, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho ikhula kancane isitshalo sidluliselwa embizeni 40-45 cm.
Ukwakhiwa kwengxube yokudla okunomsoco: i-humus, i-turf kanye neqabunga lomhlaba, isihlabathi, konke kuthathwa izingxenye ezilinganayo. Ibhodlela kufanele lihlome ngamanzi.
Ukusabalalisa nge-cuttings, ukuxhunyelelwa kanye nokweqa.
Kusukela emahlumela amancane avuthiwe (0.5 cm ubukhulu) ama cuttings anqunywe ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. I-cuttings kufanele ibe nezinso ezingu-4 futhi ubude buyi-10-12 cm. Ngakho-ke ukusika okuphansi kudlulela ku-node, futhi ungqimba olungaphezulu ngaphezu kwezinso luyi-3 mm. Amaqabunga aphansi asusiwe, kanti isithombo sitshalwe emanzini omlambo omhlabathi (ngaphambi kokuhlanzwa) futhi sihlanganiswe ne-polyethylene.
Izifo. Umoya owomile, ama-drafts, othwala isitshalo ezindaweni ngezindawo, ukuchelela ngokweqile nokumiswa kwe-coma emhlabeni ebusika - konke lokho kuholela ekutheni isitshalo siqala ukulahla amaqabunga.