Ingxenye yesibili yekhulu lama-15 yayiyizinqola zase-Ottoman eYurophu, izingxabano eziningi zangaphakathi ezempi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukubhujiswa kobudlelwane bezohwebo, okwaholela ekunciphiseni kwe-winemaking e-Italy. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwewayini kwakulondolozwe ikakhulukazi ezigodini nasezindlini. Iwayini lakhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko ukudayiswa ngaphakathi kwezwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo.
Naphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zamagilebhisi ezakhulile e-Italy, maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 leli zwe liye lagcina ubuchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi lapho isebenza ezivini nezikhiqizo zewayini. Futhi kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-winemaking e-Italy kwaqhubeka endleleni yokudala iwayini lokuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obusha banamuhla buzovela ezweni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokukhiqiza iwayini likhule kakhulu. Manje emzabalazweni wesihloko sezwe eliyinhloko lewayini, i-Italy iye yaba umncintiswano ofanelekayo eFrance. Nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iwayini elibomvu lamanje lase-Italian nosendabuko - ngumkhiqizo ohlukile ngokuphelele.
Esifundeni ngasinye sezwe kunezinhlobonhlobo zendawo zamagilebhisi, ezikhulile kuphela kule ndawo. Noma kunjalo, ezihlukahlukene eziyinhloko, ezingabhekwa njengesizwe, yi-red Sangiovese yaseTuscan. Isici sesici sezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Sangiovese yi-ukunambitheka okumnandi nomuncu, iphunga elimnandi lamajikijolo abomvu kanye nama-violets ensimu. Kusukela kulezi zihlukahlukene, iwayini elibomvu elidumile kakhulu elibhebhisayo likhiqizwa - yi-Chianti. Kungaba lula, kulula, futhi kungase kube nokukhuthazela, kubize futhi kuyigugu.
Iwayini le-Chianti lase-Italian lisetshenziswa ngemigodi namabhodlela iminyaka eminingana ngaphambi kokuba yi-Chianti yeqiniso. Esikhathini sethu, abakhiqizi bewayini bahlala emiphongolweni ye-oak. Phakathi nesitoreji, ithola inqubo yokumpontshelwa - kathathu ngonyaka wokuqala, bese njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Le nqubo yenza kube lula ukuqeda iwayini lesidumbu. Esikhathini esidlule, i-Chianti yayisibhodlela ngamabhodlela amabili (amabhasi ama-pot-bellied) (ama-fissures) anesibindi. Ukubopha kwakudingeka ngenxa ye-fragility yamabhodlela. Amabhodlela anjalo afakwe uphawu ngothuli, ngaphambi kokufaka amafutha omnqumo emabhodleleni. Njengamanje, amabhodlela anamasongo anjalo ahlomile abavakashi.
I-Chianti ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1 Normale - isigaba esingavumelekile, le iwayini ayilondolozwe isikhathi eside, idakiwe eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokuvela emakethe.
2 Riserva - le vinini ikhiqizwa kuphela eminyakeni emihle futhi ngoba iza izimbande ezivela ezivini ezinhle kakhulu. Kumele kube neminyaka okungenani iminyaka emibili.
Iwayini lethebula nomuntu liye lahlala iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Odokotela abaningi ezikhathini zasendulo bacabangela iwayini eliwusizo empilweni futhi baqokelwa ukwamukela ngesikhathi sezifo ezihlukahlukene. Esikhathini sethu, ososayensi bavumelana nalo mbono wabantu abadala. Isibonelo, iwayini elibomvu licatshangelwa ukuthi liwusizo kakhulu ngenxa yalokho okukuyo kwenani elikhulu lama-tannin. Kodwa ososayensi nodokotela bahlale bekhuluma ngokusetshenziswa okulungile kwewayini - ngoba amadoda angaphezu kwezibuko ezintathu ngosuku, kanti nabesifazane kuphela ingilazi eyodwa. Futhi-ke, iwayini kufanele libe nekhwalithi elihle kakhulu.
Iyini iwayini kusukela ekubukeni kwesayensi yi-80% yamanzi ahlanzekile okuphilayo, kusukela ku-8 ukuya ku-15% kotshwala olutholakalayo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, futhi konke okunye kunamanani amancane ama-acids ephilayo, i-fructose, i-glucose, ama-phenolic constituents, izinto ezinamakha. Amafutha abalulekile nama-tannins, ama-esters, aldehydes, amaminerali amaminerali, ama-amino acids, amaprotheni namavithamini, izakhi zokulandelela (ama-manganese, i-zinc, i-rubidium, i-fluoride, i-vanadium, i-iodine, i-titanium, i-cobalt, i-potassium, i-phosphorus) ikhona newayini ezincane ubuningi.
Njengoba sibona ekamelweni elidumile elibomvu lase-Italy
iwayini liqukethe izakhi eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana kwezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene kulo. Ukwelashwa ngewayini kwakusetshenziswa emitholampilo eYurophu cishe emakhulwini amabili, futhi eRussia lo mkhuba waqala phakathi nekhulu le-19. Ngokuvamile kwakunqunywa ukwamukela iwayini elibomvu ngezinkinga zesisu, i-anemia, beriberi. Uma umuntu ehlushwa izinkinga zenhliziyo, wanikezwa iwayini elimhlophe noma i-champagne, futhi uma ene-pneumonia noma ebandayo, wanikezwa iwayini elimnandi.
Kukhona inkulumo ethi: "Ikomishi lokuqala lingokomileyo, okwesibili - kuya kumnandi, okwesithathu - kuya enjabulweni, yesine - ebuhlwini". Lokhu kubalulekile ukukhumbula njalo. Phela, konke kulungile ngokulinganisela, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwewayini.
Kukhona imithetho ekhethekile yokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwewayini elidumile letafula elibomvu lase-Italy. Wonke amawayini asebekhulile agcinwa emazingeni athile okushisa asele amangqamuzana akhe. Ukusuka lapho bathola ngaphambi kokukhonza. Iwayini lingakhonzwa ekwenzeni iglasi elicacile noma ngqo ebhodleleni. Iwayini elibomvu kufanele "liphefumule kancane" lingakabilazi, ngakho ibhodlela kumele livule ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokudla kwasemini.
Izitsha ezihlukahlukene ngesikhathi sewayini setafuleni zihanjiswa. Iwayini lesibhakabhaka elibomvu lingaba ne-shades ehlukene, kusukela ebomvu-obomvu kuya kuthenda we-pink. Iwayini lesibhakabhaka elibomvu kufanele libe lokushisa kwamahhala noma ngezinye izikhathi lifudumele kancane. Uma iwayini libomvu, khona-ke sekushisa isimo sezulu esishisayo, bese kuba mnandi kakhulu.
Iwayini elibomvu elomile liqukethe inani elincane ushukela. Ngakho-ke, zihambelana kahle nezitsha eziyinhloko, zijabulisa isithakazelo kanye nomthunzi ukunambitheka kwesidlo. Uma ulandela imithetho, iwayini elibomvu elomile livame ukuhanjiswa inyama, udada, ihansi noma umdlalo. Iwayini elibomvu elimnandi lilungele dessert. Uma kukhona iwayini elibomvu elisele ebhodleleni, khona-ke lingabekwa endaweni epholile ngokufaka i-stopper. Isiqandisini sewayini asihambisani. Ngakho, iwayini letafula liwumkhiqizo omangalisayo nesendulo. Uma uyisebenzisa kahle, uzokujabulela ngempela.