Nakuba ezinye zegciwane, njengegciwane le-rubella, i-syphilis, i-herpes, i-polio kanye namafomu ahlukahlukene we-influenza, namanje banalo ikhono lokungena emkhawulweni we-placental.
Ngakho uma igciwane le-rubella lingena emzimbeni womama ozayo kanye nesisu, lesi siphetho singaba nemiphumela emibi ngendlela yokuphuphutheka, isisithulu, isifo senhliziyo, ukulimala kwengqondo nokukhubazeka kwamalungu, kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kombungu noma umntfwana kwaba ukutheleleka komama.
Ukwelashwa komama onjalo njengegciwane, i-bacterial vaginosis, kanye nokutholakala kwezifo ezingapheli ngesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, noma izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, kungalimaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fetus ngezindlela eziningi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, izifo ezingenhla zingakwazi, ukuthelela, ukuthelela isisu noma ukudala ukuhlukumeza, futhi esimweni esibi kunazo zonke, ukukhubazeka okunzima noma ukuzalwa komntwana ofayo. Bangakwazi futhi ukuhoxisa ingane ekufeni.
Ake sibone ukuthi lesi sifo sithinta kanjani ukukhulelwa.
Ngenhla sasihlolisisa umphumela wesifo ngokukhulelwa ngokwejwayelekile. Manje ake sibheke isifo ngasinye esingathinta ukukhulelwa, ngokuningiliziwe.
I-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (i-AIDS).
Ezimweni eziningi, i-AIDS yisifo esinzima kakhulu, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni, kodwa kukhona okunye okuhlukile ekutheni kutholakale. Lesi sifo sivame ukuvela lapho umuntu enesandulela ngculaza (i-HIV), lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sitholakala khona kancane kancane futhi umuntu efa ebantwini abangeyona into ebaluleke kakhulu kuphela, kodwa nezifo ezithathelwana ngegciwane, ezingenabungozi kumuntu onempilo.
Isifo sikashukela.
Isifo somama onesifo sikashukela singabangela ukungapheleli okuningi ekuthuthukiseni ingane ngokomzimba; ezimweni ezingavamile, kungabangela ekuzalweni kwefubus efile, ngoba ubukhulu be-fetus nalesi sifo somama bungaba ngaphezu komngcele wendabuko, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa amathuba okuzalwa okukhulu.
I-gonorrhea.
Ukutheleleka kwe-gonorrheal, okudluliselwa ngunina kumntwana obelethwe, kungabangela ubumpumputhe wengane esanda kuzalwa.
I-Herpes.
I-virus engabangela i-herpes yesisu sangasese ingadluliselwa emkhawulweni we-placental, kodwa kaningi kunezimo lapho ukutheleleka kudluliselwa kwengane ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Lapha imiphumela yengane iyimpumputhe, izinkinga ze-neurological, ukuphuza kwengqondo futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ukufa.
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Ngengcindezi ephezulu, engavamile, uma ingabonwa futhi iphathwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kunengozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu.
I-Syphilis.
Uma kwenzeka i-syphilis, ukutheleleka, phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yokukhulelwa, kuvame ukungena ngaphakathi kwe-placenta. Ukwelashwa kwengane kuleli cala kungenzeka noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha, noma ngokushesha ngaphambi kwabo. Igciwane le-syphilis lingabangela ukuphazamiseka ngaphambi kokuqala kanye nokukhubazeka, futhi kubangele isithulu nokulimala isikhumba.
Umkhuhlane.
Iningi lezinkinga zegciwane lesandulela ngculaza zinendawo yokungena emkhawulweni we-placental. Imiphumela evamile kakhulu yokutheleleka komkhuhlane iwukungaziphathi kahle ezinyathelweni zokuqala zokukhulelwa noma umsebenzi ongakabi yisikhathi esikhathini esizayo. Ukwanda kokushisa komzimba komama, uma kungenziwanga ngesikhathi, kungase kube yingozi kumntwana.
I-Rhesus factor.
Ngomqondo othile, lesi sifo siphinde sichaze i-Rh enomama nengane yakhe, ngoba ezinye amaprotheni (amaprotheni) okutholakala egazini likaMama zingabangela ukukhubazeka okwanele noma ukufa kwe-fetus. Iningi labomama esikhathini esizayo banomsebenzi omuhle we-Rh, kodwa abanye banesifo segazi elilodwa, ngenxa yokuthi yi-Rh-negative. Uma kwenzeka umama o-Rh eba ne-Rh-positive futhi igazi labo lihlangana, lingene ngaphakathi kwe-placenta noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha, igazi likaMama liqala inqubo yokwenza ama-antibodies ahlasele amangqamuzana abomvu wegazi bese ewabhubhisa. Nakuba ngokuvamile ingane ingabhekene nengozi lapho ithwala ukukhulelwa kokuqala (nomama ikakhulukazi), kodwa ekukhulelweni okulandelayo, ingane ingaba yingozi kakhulu uma yena, njengengane yokuqala, enesici esihle se-Rh.
I-Rubella.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-rubella kwenzeke phakathi kwamasonto ayisithupha okuqala okukhulelwa (kodwa emva kokufakelwa kwesisu), odokotela bavame ukuphakamisa ukuphazanyiswa kwalo, ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokubhujiswa kombungu noma isisu.
I-toxicosis yabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Uma owesifazane okhulelwe ekhulelwe i-preeclampsia, noma isifo esibi kakhulu-eclampsia ebusweni, noma ukubhujiswa kwengqondo yesifo noma ukufa kungaqala. Izimpawu zalezi zifo zivame ukuphakama okukhulu kwegazi, umbono obonakalayo, ukuthuthumela kwesibindi sobuso nezandla. Nakuba ngokuvamile lezi zinhlobo ze-toxicosis azilona nzima ukuzilawula, kodwa okudingekayo kulokhu kubomama ababhekana nabo kuhambisana nokuphumula kombhede nokudla okhethekile.
Utshwala.
Isifo esibathinta kakhudlwana inkambo yokukhulelwa singabhekwa nokudakwa ngokweqile, okungabangela ukungabi nabomzimba okungathí sina nokuphikisanayo embryo nokukhula komntwana. Ama-anomalies angama-congenital, ahlobene eduze nomphumela wokuphuza utshwala kumbungu noma emntwaneni, avuka kalula phakathi kwamasonto amathathu okuqala okukhulelwa, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kwalokho owesifazane ufunda ngakho.
Njengoba kuboniswa izifundo ezihlukahlukene kule nkambu, ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yezinsana ezalwa nabomama abaphuza zihlushwa ngenxa yokungabi nabantwana, ngoba ngisho nomthamo omncane njengama-60 ml utshwala obanjwe owesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nsuku zonke kungaholela ekuguquleni ubuso ebusweni.
Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa nesifo sofuba (FAS), esibonakala ngokuzalwa kwezingane ezinesifo esibi kakhulu kumama ophuza kakhulu. I-fetal alcohol syndrome inezinhlaka ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuhlanekezela kombuso, ukuphuza ukukhula kanye neziphambeko zesistimu eziphakathi. Izici ezihlukile zezingane ezizalwa ngabazali abanjalo ziyizindebe ezincane ezingenhla, inothi eliphansi elingaphansi kwalo, isikhala esikhulu phakathi kwamaphethelo amajwabu amehlo, nama-cheekbones aphansi.