Kungani ukuzivikela komzimba kunganciphisi nokuthi ungabuyisela kanjani?

"Ukungavikeleki" yizwi esizwayo futhi sifundze yonke indawo, ngokuvamile ukuthi ngokuqinisekile siyothola umbuzo othi "kuyini lokhu?" Uyisiphukuphuku. Kodwa zama ukuphendula ngokushesha, lapho lesi "silwane" siphila khona futhi siphila "ngaso sonke isikhathi"? Ucabanga? Manje ake siqhube uphenyo olunzulu. Ukungena emzimbeni akuyona "isilo", kodwa "ibutho elinamandla", ngaphandle kokuthi umzimba wethu uzothuthuka njengendlu yamakhadi kusuka kunoma yiluphi uhlaka.

Abavikeli bomzimba - amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba (i-leukocyte) - avuthiwe emangeni yethambo kanye ne-thymus (thymus gland), aphenduke ama-phagocyte (namanye ama cell of immune immunity) kanye nama-lymphocytes - amangqamuzana e-immunity. Njengoba esazi kahle "inkambo ye-fighter encane," amangqamuzana ahambahamba aya ehlathini, amathoni, ama-lymph nodes kanye nemikhumbi, ama-follicles of digestive and respiratory tract, lapho aqedela khona ukulungiselela ukwenza "inkonzo yokulwa".

Ukuhambisa ama-tissue kanye nezitho kanye ne-lymph negazi, i-leukocyte izwa nama-receptors konke okuhlangene ngendlela yabo, futhi ngosizo lwekhodi ekhethekile ihlukanisa amaseli emvelo yawo evela kwamanye amazwe. Uma uhlangabezana nempahla ehlobene, "amaqhawe" ahlukana ngokuthula, futhi uma "engumfokazi" phambi kwabo - aqala ukuhlasela.

I-Phagocytes yakha umugqa wokuvikela wokulwa nokutheleleka. "Bayibopha" izinambuzane ezincane ebusweni babo futhi bazibambe - yiyo indlela yokuvikela igciwane lengculaza esebenza ngayo. Uma "ibutho" lama-microbes-abahlaseli linamandla, i-lymphocytes (enye iqembu lama-leukocytes) ivela "empini". Zenza ama-antibodies aqaphela i-pathogen, noma ngabe ikuphi (ngaphakathi kwamaseli, ngamathisipi ahlanzekile noma egazini), futhi asize ekubhubhiseni amaseli onegciwane - kanjalo nokuzivikela okutholakala. Kodwa uma singenalo amandla okuthonya igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, umsebenzi esiwutholile uxhomeke kakhulu ekuhambeni kwethu kokuphila.

3 UHLELO LOKUQALA
Naphezu kokubambisana okungajwayelekile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, asiyeki ukuba yindlela engaphumeleka. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuphulwa komsebenzi wakhe.

I-GROUP: IMMUNODEFICIENCY
Ngokuvamile, lapho sithi: "Ngilahlekelwa yisifo sokuzivikela," kusho ukwehla kwesikhashana, okubuyiselwayo. Ngokwemvelo, lolu hlobo lokuqala lwe-immunodeficiency. Owesibini ubhekisela ezimweni lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisasebenza njalo ezingeni eliphansi noma ukuzivikela kulahlekile ngokuphelele.

Ukwehla okwesikhashana emkhunjini (ukutheleleka kokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, i-influenza, i-herpes, njll.) Ukungavikeleki kungakwazi "ukuwa" ngezikhathi zonke ekuphileni, futhi kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu: ukucindezeleka, ukukhathala, ukungondleki, imikhuba emibi (ukuphuza utshwala, ukubhema), ukuntuleka kwamavithamini futhi ilanga (ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ebandayo), i-hypothermia, njll. - konke umuntu ohlangana nakho ngezikhathi ezithile. Ubonakala ungenalutho futhi ungalimazi, kodwa uba ukhululekile, ukuzivikela komzimba kunciphisa amandla, umsebenzi wesistimu yomzimba wonke uyaba nzima (okuqukethwe kwe-lymphocytes kunciphisa, ukusebenza kwabo kwehla, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies). Ngenxa yalokho, ungagula, futhi lesi sifo - "udonsela phambili" futhi uhlanganise nezinkinga.

Kubalulekile . Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi abesifazane abangashadile baningi amathuba okuba banesifo somkhuhlane kunelabo abajabula emshadweni. Emndenini wabantu (kanye nokusebenza nokuzibandakanya), kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-antibodies ezikhiqizwa ezivimbela ama-microbes kunalabo abavaliwe futhi abanesizungu.

Ungangqubuzani imbangela nomphumela wokuwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Umkhuhlane ngokwawo awukwazi ukwehlisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela omzimba: ungasithatha, ngoba nje ukuzivikela kwakho sekubuthakathaka ngesizathu esithile.

Okufanele ukwenze . "Uwile" ingculazi? Yiphakamise ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi lezi zeluleko zizosiza ukugwema ukwehla kwayo.

Amandla . Khetha ukudla okulinganiselayo. Yidla amanoni amancane kanye namaprotheni amaningi, aqukethe inhlanzi ye-vitamin D ne-E ecebile kanye nenyama ephilile; kanye ne-fiber: imifino - isitolo sokugcina izici (i-zinc ne-selenium), okudingekayo ukuze amasosha omzimba, kanye nezithelo - namavithamini B, i-vitamin C ne-tocopherol (i-antioxidant enamandla edingekayo ngamasosha omzimba). Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini kanye nezici ezilandelanayo kuzosiza ukugcwalisa izithako eziphilayo ezisebenzayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzivikela. Ngaphambi kokuwathenga, hlola nodokotela wakho futhi ufunde imiyalelo ngokucophelela.

Umsebenzi womzimba. Ukuzivocavoca njalo ngokuqina noma ezemidlalo kwandisa ukuphika komzimba ezithombeni. Okokuqala, bayasheshisa ukusakazwa kwe-lymph - umkhuhlane ohambisa amangqamuzana omzimba "empini" (ukuhamba kwawo ngokusebenzisa izitsha ze-lymph kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphambana kwemisipha ezungezile). Okwesibili, ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kusiza ukufudumala. Uma ubanda, ijubane lokuhamba kwamaseli avikelayo linciphisa, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abanaso isikhathi sokuhlasela igciwane. Ngendlela, ukuhamba ngendlela evamile emoyeni omusha noma uhambo oluya egumbini lomoya (isibonelo, ukugeza okuseRussia) ukuqeqeshwa okuhle kokuzivikela.

Iphupho . Ngesikhathi sokulala, ama-cytokines (ama-molecule akhiqizwa i-lymphocytes) akhiqizwa. Bashukumisa umsebenzi wamaseli omzimba futhi banqume ukusinda kwabo. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi konke okuvamile kujwayelekile, bese uzama ukungaphuli umbuso.
Izinga lokulala nsuku zonke amahora angu-7-8, futhi indlela engcono kakhulu yokulungisa umbuso ukuqeqesha ukuba ulale futhi uvuke ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ubulili . Ososayensi baseWilkes University ePennsylvania bathola ukuthi labo abathintana nabo ngokocansi (izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto), izinga le-immunoglobulin (antibodies) emanzini liphakeme. Lesi esinye isizathu sokuthola umlingani ohlala njalo, uma ungenayo okwamanje.

Ukuhlanzeka . Imikhiqizo iyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sethu somzimba. Izwe elingenalo i-disinfected livusa amakhaza amaningi. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba isintu siye savela kuzo izigidi zeminyaka, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ekwakheni isandulela-ngculazi sethu. Yiqiniso, akekho oye wakhansela ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, kodwa kungcono ukuthi ungadluli - thola ibhalansi.

Ukwamukelwa kwemithi. Ungazibandakanyi nemithi yokwelashwa: ngaphandle kokuqokwa kukadokotela, ukuphuza imithi ekhuphukela ekukhuseleni kungenakwenzeka nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kuyingozi. Okokuqala, thatha ucwaningo bese wenza i-immunogram ecacisa ukuba khona nesimo sokuzivikela komzimba.

Ukuncipha okuqhubekayo noma ukulahlekelwa yisifo sokuzivikela (i-alimphocytosis, i-AIDS, njll)
Ngenxa yokungabi nalutho noma ukungabikho kwamathuba okukhiqiza ama-antibodies, isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba siphume noma siphelile ukusebenza. Ukuhlukumeza kwenzeka:
IGREYIDI: UKUKHULULELA NE-ASTHMA
Lezi yizimo lapho ukuzivikela okuvela "kumvikeli" kuphenduka "umhlukumezi". Nge-allergies, amangqamuzana omzimba ahlanzekile futhi angaphenduli ngendlela engafanelekiyo: i-wool, i-fluff, i-pollen, njll, futhi ngesikhathi se-asthma isebenza ku-bronchi namapayipi, okwenza ukuba ama-spasms enze ukuphefumula kunzima.

Kubalulekile . Ukusebenza ngokweqile kwamangqamuzana omzimba kuvele ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa noma ukuxhumana ne-allergen, ngakho ukungezwani komzimba noma i-asthma akusona isizathu sokucabanga ukuthi asikho isidingo sokwandisa ingculazi. Maye, yilowo nalowo kithi uyathandana nemikhuhlane kanye nezifo.

Okufanele ukwenze . Ngemuva kokuhlola, faka i-allergen. Phuza ama-antihistamine anqunyiwe anciphisa izimpawu ze-allergies, futhi ugweme ukuxhumana ne-allergen. Ngesifo se-asthma, kudingeke ukuthi inhalation isuse i-asthma.

IGREYIDI LESI-3: KUKHULUMA AMAZINGA
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesimiso somzimba wokuzivikela ngukukwazi ukuhlukanisa "umuntu" kusuka "komunye". Uma iphukile, izinkinga zempilo ezibucayi zivela. Uma, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, amaseli okuzivikela, esikhundleni sokuzivikela emagciwane kanye nokutheleleka, qala ukubhubhisa amaseli emzimbeni wabo, izifo ezizimele zivele.

Kubalulekile . I-target ingaba yisiphi isisindo - izinso, isibindi, isisu, ubuchopho, indlela yokuphefumula neso. Izifo ezizimele ngokuzenzakalelayo (isifo samathambo, i-lupus erythematosus, umonakalo wegciwane, njll) ayinakuphulukiswa, kodwa kungenzeka ukunciphisa umonakalo owonakalayo.

Okufanele ukwenze . Ukuze kuqhutshwe lesi sifo, izazi zincoma ukuthi zithathe izidakamizwa ezicindezelayo ezivimbela ukuzivikela okuvukelayo (ngokusho komuthi kanye nokuqondiswa udokotela).