Ezimweni zokuthuthukisa umnotho wemakethe, izinkinga zomhlaba ziba nzima ngokwengeziwe eminyakeni. Noma kunjalo, umthetho uchaza ngokucacile ubunikazi bendawo. Inkinga ephuthumayo kakhulu yizinketho zokuhlukanisa impahla emva kokuhlukanisa phakathi kwalabo abashadile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo singenzeka ngokuhlukaniswa kwempahla, lapho omunye womshado eveza isifiso sokunika izingane zabo ingxenye ethile, noma, isibonelo, ukukhokha impahla ngezikweletu zabo,
Uma inqubo yokwahlukaniswa kwempahla kufanele kuqala iqonde umbuso wayo wezomthetho. Ngokwezifiso ze-Code Family ye-Russian Federation, kunezinketho ezimbili zokwahlukanisa impahla yabashadile: ezimweni ezisemthethweni nezivumelwano. Lezi zinsuku zingaqukatha izinto zombuso wobunikazi obuhlukile noma zomthetho, njll.
Ukuba khona kwesivumelwano somshado phakathi kwabashadile kubanika ithuba lokuqhathanisa ubudlelwane bempahla esekelwe ezimweni ezithile kanye nezithakazelo. Noma kunjalo, izibalo zomthetho zibonisa ukuthi umbuso wezomthetho usakazeke kakhulu. Isetshenziswa lapho isivumelwano somshado singaphethelwa noma sinikeza umbuso wezomthetho ingxenye yengxenye. Umbuso wobunikazi obambisene nawo ubonakala njengombuso wezomthetho. Umqondo we "impahla ehlanganisiwe yabashadile" kusho ukuthi impahla kanye nempahla yamalungelo, ezitholwa ngabashadile ngesikhathi somshado.
Ukuphila komndeni okuhlangene ngaphandle kokubhaliswa kombuso womshado akudala ubunikazi bendawo. Kulezi zimo, kukhona ubunikazi obunabelungelo obufanayo balabo bantu abafake impahla yabo ejwayelekile. Khona-ke ubudlelwane bomhlaba phakathi kwabantu bulawulwa umthetho womphakathi, hhayi ngomthetho womndeni. Uma ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla emkhatsini wabantu abahlala ndawonye ngaphandle kokubhaliswa komshado kuphakamisa izingxabano mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwempahla yabo futhi uma kungekho omunye umbuso walowo mhlaba usungulwe phakathi kwabo, zizoxazululwa hhayi ngaphansi koMndeni kodwa ngaphansi kweKhodi Yombuso Yempahla ejwayelekile.
Uma umshado wabizwa ukuthi awuvumelekile, ubuhlobo bomthetho bomshado onjalo bukhanseliwe. Lokhu kusebenza futhi ebuhlotsheni obungokomthetho phakathi kwempahla engumlingani. Khona-ke impahla etholakalayo emshadweni ingabhekwa njengokungafaneleki noma ihlonishwa njengowomuntu oshade naye owathenge yona, noma ihlonishwa njengengxenye eyabelana ngempahla. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi omunye wabashade ngesikhathi sokushada engacabangi ukungabi nalutho, khona-ke inkantolo ingalondoloza amalungelo afana nokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla etholakalayo emshadweni kwenzeka ngokomthetho. Impahla ehlangene yabashadile ihlukaniswe ngesigamu. Ekunqumeni impahla enjalo, bayabonakala njengalingana nabo bobabili, ngaphandle kokuthi isivumelwano siphethe phakathi kwabashadile.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi inkantolo ingasuswa isimiso sokulingana kwamasheya abashade ngokuhlukaniswa kwempahla. Kulokhu, isabelo somuntu oshade naye singakhuphuka ukuze kuzuze izingane ezincane ezihlala naye, futhi ngenxa yokugula kwakhe, ukukhubazeka, njll. Ukuncipha kwesabelo somunye womshado kungalungiswa ngokulahlwa okungenangqondo kwempahla ejwayelekile, ukungatholi imali engenayo ngesizathu esingenangqondo futhi njll. Ukufuduka okunjalo kwenkantolo kusukela esimweni sokulingana kwamasheya kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kukhuthazwe futhi kulungiswe ngesinqumo sokwahlulela, ngaphandle kwalokho lesi sinqumo singasulwa.
Uma kwenzeka umshado womunye umlingani ephathisa izingane, uhola indlu noma enye, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ayinakukwazi ukuthola imali engenayo, khona-ke impahla ihlukaniswe ngokulingana phakathi kwalabo abashadile ngaphandle uma isivumelwano sinikeza enye into. Umbuso wobunikazi obambisene nawo awusebenzi kwimpahla engakashadile, impahla eyamukelwe yinoma yimuphi umlingani ngefa noma njengesipho ngesikhathi somshado kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye, ngaphandle kwempahla yokunethezeka. Umlingani ngamunye unempahla enjalo ngokuzimela futhi angayilahla ngokukhululekile futhi ayisebenzise. Lo mhlaba awucatshangelwa uma unquma amasheya omshado kanye nesigaba sempahla evamile.