I-osteoporosis isifo esibonakala ukwehla kwamathambo kanye nokushintsha kwesakhiwo samathambo. Amangqamuzana abe mncane ngokweqile futhi isakhiwo se-spongy sethoni sivame ukuphuka, okwenza kube nokwehluleka kokwanda kwamaphutha. Ukulimala kakhudlwana kuleso sifo kuqubuzana phansi kwama-vertebrae, ukwehlukana kwamathambo esiphezulu, isikhonkwane nentamo yethanga. Ama-fracture ayenzeka ngisho nakulezo zimo ukuthi abantu abanamathambo enempilo abafaki usongo.
Ukuhlushwa kwesifo sofuba, kokubili besifazane nabesilisa, kodwa kumadoda kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kancane. E-Russia, lesi sifo sithinta abesifazane abangama-35% namadoda angu-10% angaphezu kuka-60. Idatha emphakathini wonke ayitholakali okwamanje, kodwa kakade kucacile ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi i-osteoporosis ingenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zenhlalo. Kodwa lesi sifo singavinjelwa! Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungelashwa ngezigaba zokuqala - kudingekile ukufuna usizo kudokotela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Umbuzo wombuzo
Umtholampilo we-osteoporosis uqukethe ukuthi amathambo ayizicubu eziphilayo ezivuselelwa njalo. Iqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-collagen amaprotheni, okuyisisekelo esithambile, namaminerali (ngokuyinhloko i-calcium phosphate), enikeza ubunzima nokuphikisana nokucindezeleka komshini. Emzimbeni, i-calcium engaphezu kwezingu-99% iqukethe amathambo namazinyo, i-1% esele ikhona egazini nasezintheni ezilula. Amathoni akwenzi nje kuphela umsebenzi osekelayo, kodwa "yindlu yokugcina" lapho umzimba uheha khona i-calcium ne-phosphorus uma kudingeka.
Ngesikhathi sokuphila, amathambo aguga, afe futhi aphinde abuyele ezingxenyeni. Kukhona okuthiwa "i-bone resorption". Esikhathini sayo, amangqamuzana angasebenzi - ama-osteoclasts athathwe esikhundleni esisha. I-osteoporosis ivela lapho ukuqhuma kwethambo kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu noma uma ukuphumula, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuphuza kakhulu. Ebusheni nasekusaneni lokuthoma, amathambo amasha akhiwa ngokushesha kunamathambo endala ashabalaliswe, ukuze amathambo akhule, ayenzima kakhulu futhi anamandla. Ukuhlelwa kwemvelo ngokwemvelo kudlula iminyaka engaba ngu-35. Khona-ke "ukuphakama" kwe-bone mass kufinyelelwa. Kunesisindo esikhulu samathambo esithambo, ukumelana nokulimala kwemishini. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35-40, ukufa kwamathambo amathanga kancane kancane kuqala ukubaluleka ngaphezu kokudalwa kwawo. Ukulahlekelwa kwethambo okusheshayo kwenzeka kubantu besifazane phakathi neminyaka embalwa yokuqala emva kokuya esikhathini sokuya esikhathini, futhi ngokuvamile kuvame ukuqala kwe-osteoporosis. Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kubuye kubhekwe kubantu abangakafiki kahle amathambo ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Izimpawu Ze-Osteoporosis
Lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi "umbulali othulile", ngoba ngokuvamile uqala ngaphandle kwempawu. Angabonakala kuphela uma usuku olulodwa ubuhlungu obubukhali esifubeni noma emuva kuzoba isignali mayelana nokuhlukana kwezimbambo noma ama-vertebrae. Noma, uma uwa phansi, isandla sakho noma intamo yakho izophulwa. Izibonelo ezinikezwa yizona ezivame kakhulu ekuguleni kwe-osteoporosis. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngisho nokukhwehlela noma ukunyakaza okungenandaba - konke lokhu esigulini sokuphefumula ngokweqile kuyoholela ekubhujisweni kombundu noma ukuphulwa kwama-vertebrae.
Ngezinye izikhathi i-osteoporosis ihambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu, kodwa hhayi njalo. Ngokuvamile lesi silu sishintsha kancane kancane, ukukhula kunciphisa. Ukulahlekelwa kokukhula kubangelwa ukuqubuka komzimba (isibonelo, "ukuchoboza" ama-vertebrae), ukuguqa kwamathambo, ukujikeleza ngemuva, ukubukeka kwe "hump" ngaphambi kwesisu. Konke lokhu kuyizici ezivumela iso elingaboniwe ukuba libone ukuphazamiseka kwe-osteoporosis. Ngaphandle kokubuhlungu emuva, isiguli singacasula umuthi wesisu, ubuhlungu besisu (ngenxa yobuhlungu besisu kusuka emibhonini) nokuphefumula ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhala samapayipi esifubeni esifubeni.
Ukuxilongwa Nge-Osteoporosis
Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene okucabanga: X-ray, ultrasound, imaging resonance magnetic. Izithombe ezivamile ze-X-ray zibonisa ukulahlekelwa kwethambo kuphela uma sekuvele kubalulekile. Lesi sifundo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola izinkinga ze-osteoporosis noma ama-fractures. Ukuhlolwa okubucayi kakhulu kwe-bone densitometry, emva kwalokho kungaphethelwa ukuthi isiguli sinesifo se-osteopenia - ukunciphisa kwamathambo. Lesi yisimo somngcipheko we-osteoporosis. Kulesi simo, inani lamaminerali lamathambo amathambo liyancipha, elimelela ingozi yezinsalela esigabeni sokuhlola samathambo (isibonelo, umgogodla noma ithanga). I-bone densitometry nayo ingalandelela umthelela wokwelashwa kwalesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwe-densitometry, ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuyabalulekile ukuhlola ibhalansi yamaminerali yesistimu. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuxilongwa okuphelele, kanye nokunquma uhlobo nomthamo wemithi. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuqapha imiphumela yokwelapha.
Ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele siphumelele ukulahlekelwa kwethambo elikhulu ngaphandle kokulawula ngokwanele imingcele yezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kungaholela empeleni ezinkingeni ezinjengamatshe ezinso. Uma uphethwe ngephutha, cishe, ngeke ube nemiphumela yokwelapha ngemithi ebiza kakhulu. Ngokweqile, ukuguqulwa okungenakuphikiswa kwamathambo emasipha ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okungasetshenziswanga kwamandla kagesi, i-magnesium ne-phosphorus.
Ukungatholakali okuncane eRussia yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-bone markers egazini noma emcimbini." Lokhu kukuvumela ukuqapha inqubo yokubuyisela amathambo nokubuyekeza kwayo. Endabeni ye-osteoporosis yemvelo engaziwayo, njengabantu abasha abangenayo izici eziyingozi, azikho ukwephulwa okuphawulekayo emkhakheni we-biochemistry, i-biopsy yokuxilonga ayikwenziwa. Ucwaningo lwama-histomorphometric kuphela lwamaqoqo aqoqiwe olwenziwa, ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaseli ekwakheni amathambo amasha nasendlini yamathambo. Lokhu kuvumela ukwelashwa okusheshayo ngokugxila ezinkingeni ezithile emathanjeni amathambo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-osteoporosis
Lapho ukwelashwa kwe-osteoporosis, amalungiselelo ezemithi asetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukudla okwanele kwe-calcium ne-vitamin D noma i-metabolites esebenzayo, izidakamizwa ezivimbela ukuguqulwa kwamathambo (isibonelo, calcitonin) - konke lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezinsalela zomgogodla nabesifazane. Kunconywa ukuba basebenzise futhi ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo. Kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-65, ama-hormone ocansi (i-estrogens) iyisiza esiyinhloko sezokwelapha.
Kunezinye izidakamizwa eziningi ze-osteoporosis, kodwa zonke zivivinywa futhi zithuthukile kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukuvimbela amathambo okweqile, ukukhulisa impilo yonke nokuthuthukisa ukugaya. Umthelela wale mithi ukwandisa ubuningi bamaminerali futhi unciphise ingozi yezinsalela.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Ezinye izinto azihlobene nokuqala kwesifo futhi aziphazamisi amathuba okuba khona, futhi ezinye zibonisa ngokuqondile ukuthi umuntu uyakwazi ukuthola lesi sifo. Kwezinye iziguli ezine-osteoporosis, izici ezinjalo ziqoqa, ezinye azikwazi. Ukuqedwa kwezinto eziyingozi kuyisisekelo sokuvimbela i-osteoporosis. Kwezinye zazo, odokotela abanalo ithonya. Lezi zici ezifana nobulili besifazane, ubudala, umzimba, ubuhlanga, ukuzalwa. Ukuthi i-osteoporosis ivame kakhulu kubantu besifazane, ichaza umthambo wabo ophansi. I-osteoporosis cishe ingenzeka kubantu abanezakhiwo ezincane noma amathambo amancane. Inengozi enkulu yalesi sifo ikhona phakathi kwabesifazane base-Asia nabaseCaucasus, futhi abamnyama nabakwaLatinos abasengozini yokugula i-osteoporosis.
Ukuqhubekela phambili emathambo kungase kwenzeke emndenini. Kulabo bantu abazali abaye bathola amathambo aphukile, ingozi yokuphuka ivame ukukhula. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zobungozi ezingabizwa ngokuthi:
1. Ama-hormone ocansi. Ukungahleleki kokuya esikhathini, amazinga aphansi e-estrogen ngemva kokuya esikhathini, noma amazinga aphansi e-testosterone emadodeni;
I-Anorexia;
3. Ukudla okwanele kwe-calcium ne-vitamin D;
4. Ukusebenzisa imithi ethile, njenge-glucocorticoids kanye nezidakamizwa zokulwa nezifo;
Ukuphila okungasebenzi noma ukuphumula isikhathi eside ngenxa yokugula;
6. Ukubhema;
Ukuhlukunyezwa kotshwala.
Ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kwamathambo
Inketho engcono kunazo zonke ukuvimbela i-osteoporosis - emtholampilo, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa khona-ke ngeke kube khona isidingo. Ukudla kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvimbela. Inendima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ukulingana okwanele emathisini futhi ukuvimbela ukunyamalala ngokushesha emzimbeni kuyi-calcium. Emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise neRussia, ukudla kwe-calcium kuphansi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kungu-1 / 3-1 / 2 wendabuko ephakanyisiwe ngabachwepheshe bokudla. Ngokuya ngocansi, iminyaka yobudala kanye nesimo sezempilo, umuntu kufanele athathe i-800 mg ye-calcium yezingane, i-1500 mg yabantu abadala kanye no-2000 mg kubantu besifazane asebekhulile, abakhulelwe nabaqothulayo ngosuku.
Kwanele ukuphuza izibuko ezingu-4 zobisi ngosuku noma ukudla ama-150 g ushizi. Lokhu akusikho okuningi, kodwa abantu abaningi abadli imikhiqizo eminingi yobisi nsuku zonke. Ngaphezu kobisi, udinga ukudla i-yoghurt, ushizi, i-ayisikhilimu nokunye okune-calcium ecebile. Lokhu kubalulekile kulabo abangabekezeli ubisi. Le mikhiqizo ifaka phakathi: imifino eluhlaza efana neklabishi, i-broccoli, isipinashi, i-rhubarb, i-dill, kanye nama-sardines (kanye namathambo), i-salmon, i-tofu, i-almonds. Ungathatha ukudla ngokuqinile ngokuqiniswa nge-calcium, njengejusi le-orange kanye nezinye izinhlobo zesinkwa.
Njalo qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha ukudla okunamafutha aphansi, okufana nobisi lwe-skim, i-yogurt nama-calories ambalwa. Imikhiqizo yobisi inomthelela ohlukile we-fat kanye nobuningi. Ngakho-ke izipuni ezingu-4 ze-Parmesan ushizi ezinamakholori amaningi njenge-1/2 indebe ye-granulated ushizi, kodwa eParmesan kunama-calcium amahlanu ngaphezulu.
Uma ngesizathu esithile umuntu akakwazi ukudla i-calcium ngokwanele - ukulahleka kufanele kugcwaliswe ngezidakamizwa zemithi (isibonelo, kuma-pharmacy kukhona amathebulethi e-calcium-magnesium ane-dose efanele ye-calcium). I-Vitamin D nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekwamukeleni kwe-calcium futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwamathambo enempilo. Kwenzeka esikhumbeni ngaphansi kwethonya elangeni. Nakuba abantu abaningi bekwazi ukungena ku-vitamin D ngendlela engokwemvelo, noma kunjalo - njengoba kubonakala ekucwaningweni - ukukhiqizwa kwehla kubantu asebekhulile abahlala ekhaya. Futhi kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwayo ngesikhathi sokuwa nobusika. Kungaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo ngaphezu kwe-vitamin "eyakho" kufanele kuthathe izidakamizwa ngomthamo wama units angu-400-800. Ukulinganisa okukhulu akunconywa - kuyadingeka ukuqapha izinkomba zezinto eziphilayo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalesi sengezo.