Iziphi izinguquko zonyaka ezenza kube nezidakamizwa ezimbi? Ingozi ye-neoplasms eyingozi iyanda ngokukhula. Lokhu kuboniswa ngokucacile yizibalo: eminyakeni engama-20 ithuba lokubhekana nalesi sifo lilingana nelinye lama-25000, kuya eminyakeni engu-80 - eyodwa kuya kweyishumi. Ngakho-ke, owesifazane osekhulile kufanele abe aqaphe. Kunezici eziningi ezivusa umdlavuza webele. Ukudla okungalungile, ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, ukukhulelwa okuphuzile kungomunye wabo. Lapho uneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, izicubu ezinama-glandular nezixhumene nazo zikhona ezakhiweni zebele. Ngamunye unomsebenzi wayo. Owokuqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa esesimweni sokulungela ukulwa nokukhulelwa kanye nokubeletha futhi emva kokubeletha kuyashintsha ibe yinkampani yobisi. "Umakhelwane" ohlangene naye uhlanganisa izingxenye eziphakathi kwe-lobes lapho i-mammary gland iqukethe khona, kanye namathayi lapho ubisi lomama kufanele uhambe khona. Izicubu ezinamafutha ezakhiweni zesikhukhula ngalesi sikhathi kuncane.
Lapho kufika ukufika esikhathini , inani lezinhlayiya ezinamahloni nezixhumeneyo liyancipha, i-septa ye-interlobar iyancipha, ama-ducts akhishwe. Kodwa: izikhundla ezingenamuntu maduze zigcwele izicubu ezinamafutha. Futhi yindawo engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwezidumbu. Iqiniso lokuthi lapho kuqala ukwindla kwesifazane umzimba uyeka ukukhiqizwa kwe-estradiol, i-hormone enhle evela kuhlobo lwe-estrogens. Esikhundleni se-estradiol, "abafowabo" - i-estrone ne-estriol, futhi ama-hormone wesifazane wesifazane - faka inkundla. Noma kunjalo, zingakhuthaza ukukhula kwamangqamuzana abulalayo. Yiqiniso, i-estradiol nayo inekhono, kodwa kancane kancane.
Kungani kulabo abawela "ekuhlungeni" komdlavuza wesifuba wokuvuvukala, unyaka ningi ngaphezulu? Yiziphi izimbangela ze "oncidemic"?
Ukwanda kwonyaka kulesi sigameko kungenani ngo-3%. Lesi sibalo senzelwe ukwanda. Isizathu sokuqala ukunyuka kwe-estrogen emzimbeni womamazana. Abesifazane banamuhla banezinkambo ezingu-300-400 zokuya esikhathini kunabakhulukazi babo.
Isikhathi ngasinye - uhlobo lokubhubhisa komzimba nge-estrogens (kokubili i-estradiol, nabafowabo ababhekene nobuso ababili). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, isilinganiso sokuphila komuntu wesifazane sasiyiminyaka engama-30: ukutheleleka, izifo ezingaphululi ngaleso sikhathi, futhi izinga lokuzalwa eliphansi lancishiswa yizinombolo zobungani obuhle.
Namuhla, ngokusho kombiko wamuva weNobhala-Jikelele we-UN, isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala sineminyaka engu-68, ngokulandelana, impilo yabesifazane yanyanga zonke ihlala isikhathi eside. Umthwalo we-hormonal ukwandisa ubhiya: abesifazane abaningana bakhetha lesi siphuzo esidayisayo, futhi liqukethe i-phyto-eat-trogen. Amakhomitha esitshalo semvelo asenza emzimbeni onjenge "eyakhe". Isizathu sesibili yishintsho endleleni yokuphila. Kuyaziwa ukuthi phakathi kwabantu abahlala emadolobheni abahlala emadolobheni ama-glymatic gland bafunyanwa kabili kaningi kunabakuhlala emadolobheni. Izakhamuzi zamadolobha zivame ukusebenza ebusuku, zihlale ziphapheme, ezinciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melatonin. Omunye wemisebenzi yale hormone yiyona ejwayelekile yokuphila kwama-biorhythms nokuvikelwa ekubukeni kwezicubu. Yebo, nokwesifazane "kusize": ubulili obuhle babusa leli zwe, lihola izinkampani ezinkulu, liqhube ibha. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umzimba wesifazane nesimo sangasese se-hormonal asihambisani nokuphila okunjalo okukhulu. Banikeze ubulili babo kanye nezinkinga zobulili. Ngemuva kwesahlukaniso, abesifazane abaningi, abangazange bahlele impilo yesibili okwesibili, baqhubekele phambili emsebenzini, ekudaleni nasekukhuliseni izingane. Ukunciphisa (ukusetjenziswa kwamandla wezocansi kwamanye imisebenzi okungewona ucansi) kuyisici sesikhathi sethu. Kodwa umzimba ubala ngocansi njengokwesekwa okudingekayo ngezidingo zakhe zomzimba izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu ngesonto. Azikho izimpi ezilele embhedeni - akukho ama-orgasms, akukho ama-orgasms - isimiso se-central central kanye ne-pituitary gland, ephinde ikhiqize ama-hormone abalulekile empilo ye-bust, ayibandakanyekile. Ukwanda kwenani lamacala omdlavuza wesifuba ovuvukalayo kubesifazane ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Ngaphandle kokushiwo kakade, ngingabiza igama elilodwa: ukudla okungalungile. Yebo, kuyimfashini ukubuka ukudla kwakho manje, kepha manje abesifazane abaningi basebenzisa inqwaba yokudla okunamafutha nenyama, okwandisa amathuba okugula.
Izifo eziningi manje zisencane . Yini engashiwo kulokhu mayelana nomdlavuza webele?
Iwindi lokuqala lomdlavuza nguminyaka engama-45-55 (ngaphambi kokuqala, ukumisa esikhathini sokumisa kanye ne-postmenopause). Ingozi yesibili yokufunda ngesifo yibo abaneminyaka engu-65-70 ubudala. Futhi kuphela-abesifazane abasha. Ngenhlanhla, okunjalo. Kodwa kuyaziwa ngokuqondile: osemncane ubudala, isifo esinamandla kakhulu. Ngempela, emzimbeni omncane, zonke izinqubo zenzeka ngokushesha. Okubi, ngeshwa, futhi. Umdlavuza wesibeletho uye wakhula omncane, kodwa iningi - emndenini womndeni. Amacala amaningi ahlolisisa lesi sifo ezineminyaka engu-30 ubudala ahloswe ngokofuzo.
Iyiphi indima i- heredity edlala ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo futhi ingabe ingabhekana nayo?
I-Genetics inesibopho se-5% sokuthola "umdlavuza webele". Ungakwazi ukuphikisana nayo. Kuzuzisa ukutadisha isizukulwane sakho esizweni sesithathu, kuphela - emgqeni womama, futhi uma othile emndenini ebhekene nesifo, thola ukuthi kwenzeka nini, adlulise i-gene gene diagnosis. Kunezakhi zofuzo ezimbili - i-BRCA-1 ne-BRCA-2, ethwala ulwazi lomuthi "lomdlavuza" ojwayelekile. Kulabo abathwali begesi lokuqala, amathuba okubonakala kwe-neoplasms engama-8096. Abanikazi bezinhlobo ezimbili ze "ifa" bafaka ingozi yokuhlangana nomdlavuza we-ovarian. Uma wazi ngalokhu futhi wenze ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela, zizinake futhi uthathe isheke njalo, lesi sifo singabonakala esiteji sokuqala futhi ngaleyo ndlela siqiniseke ukuthi siyalulama. Kodwa, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, abantu bakithi bavame ukhethe indlela yesibili - ungenzi lutho noma ungathandi ngisho nokwazi imithwalo yemvelo. Owesithathu, "ngokweqile" indlela ukususa isifuba ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza utholakale. Ayikho umdlavuza wesifuba - akukho isifo. Ukuvimbela okunjalo kwenziwa ngabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-40 +, ngokushesha bafake izimila ze-silicone. Uma lesi sifo sisebancane, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kuvamile ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo. Izakhi zofuzo ezimbili, i-BRCA-1 ne-BRCA-2, nendima lapha. ENtshonalanga Yurophu, cishe amaphesenti angu-10 azo zonke izifo zomdlavuza zifa. Ingxenye yabo, imbangela inguquko kulezi zakhi zofuzo ezimbili.
Uma isifuba esisodwa sithintekile , kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sifo sesibili singakanani? Kuxhomeke kuphi?
Ingozi yesifo esibelethweni sesibili esingaba ngu-20%. Kodwa amathuba okubukeka ngesikhathi esisodwa kokungena kwegazi emzimbeni amabili kuncane kakhulu - kuphela 4-5% kuphela.
Izimo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-tumor kokubili izigulane zamabele zifana, ngakho ingozi "yomakhelwane" ingu-15-20%. Konke kuncike lapho i-tumor itholakele (ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, cishe i-metastasis) nokuthi ngabe ukwelashwa kwaphathwa ngendlela efanele.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela umdlavuza webele wokuvuvukala?
Okusemandleni okuvimbela umdlavuza emdlalweni jikelele kanye nomdlavuza webele ikakhulukazi - ukudla okunempilo kanye nemidlalo, ngokusho kwezincomo ze-WHO, usuku lokudla izimboni ezinhlanu zezithelo nemifino, usebenzise njalo. Idatha yesayensi yakamuva - ukutholwa kwevithamini D kunomthelela wokuvimbela umdlavuza webele. Uma kunokwenzeka ukubonakaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezingavumelani, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuxilonga noma indlela elula kakhulu kunconywa - ukususwa kokubili amabele.
1. Ukucabanga okuhle nokuzithanda.
2. Umbuso ofanele wosuku, inhlanganisela efanelekayo yomsebenzi nokuzilibazisa.
3. Ukuphila ngokocansi njalo, ukugwema ukukhipha isisu (ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuzalwa kokuqala). Ukulethwa okuphindaphindiwe.
4. Ukulawula isisindo, ngoba ukukhuluphala kuyisici esibalulekile sengozi.
5. Ukulawulwa kwe-ushukela wegazi, ikakhulu uma unesifo sikashukela. Ngokwezifundo ezihlukahlukene, isifuba sithinta ama-hormone angu-30 kuya kwangu-50, kufaka phakathi i-insulin. Kungashukumisa ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamavithamini, ikakhulukazi - A, E no-D. Amakhamronutrients we-health bust, i-calcium iyasiza.
7. Kusukela eminyakeni engama-28 kuya phambili, i-ultrasound yezinhlayiya ze-mammary yenziwa minyaka yonke, futhi kusukela ku-40 - mammography.
Umdlavuza webele ungabangela yini izingubo zangaphansi eziqinile kanye nemibhoshongo ye-push-up?
Angicabangi. Kodwa lesi sigqoko asithandi ukuqina, okuvimbela ukungena mahhala kwegazi emzimbeni. Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi okungabhekana nakho kungaba yinye yezici ekuthuthukiseni ukukhathazeka (igama elivamile lezinguquko ezingezona izifo ezinkingeni ze-mammary). Ngiyaqiniseka: ukukhathazeka akungena emdlalweni. Kunezimo zokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza ngemuva kwesizinda sokukhathazeka, kodwa hhayi ngenxa yalo. Lo mbuzo ngivame ukuzwa lapho ngamukela. Impendulo ihlala iyingxenye eyodwa - cha.
Kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi abesifazane abangabelethi banamathuba okuba nomdlavuza webele? Iyini indima yokuncelisa ekuvinjeni? Ukubamba iqhaza kuyisimo esinamandla sokuvimbela, kodwa akufanele uhileleke ekunceliseni. Isikhathi esifanele sokuncelisa kokubili owesifazane nomntwana izinyanga ezingu-15, ngaphandle kwalokho kungenzeka ukuthi ukwandisa izinga le-hormone prolactin landa. Ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-progesterone, evikela abesifazane ekubeni nomthelela ngokweqile we-estrogens. Ukubeletha kuyisikhathi esihle ekuvimbeleni ukugula. Siyazi: isikhathi eside owesifazane edla umntwana, umzimba wakhe onokwethenjelwa uvikeleke kakhulu kulesi sifo.
Ukuzihlola kulungile noma kungumqondo we-psychosis?
Umhlabathi we-psychosis. Awubheke umshini uqobo, kodwa uthembele kubachwepheshe be-SRT. Kungcono "ukukhombisa" udokotela. Senze lokhu kuhlolwa: Amabhola angu-1, 2, 3 no-5 cm afakwa emgqeni webele. Abahlanganyeli bohlolo, bazizwa "isifuba" ngokuvumelana nezincomo zamabhulogi okuzihlola, bathola "izicubu" ezinamamitha amathathu no-5 cm. I-tumor enobubanzi buka-3-5 cm - lesi yisigaba sesine somdlavuza, esinqatshelwe kakhulu. Iziphetho ziyazichaza.
Ukuphumelela kokuzihlola akuzange kuboniswe, kodwa, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, izimpindi ezivame ukutholakala esifubeni zitholakala ngabesifazane ngokwabo. Ngakho-ke, ngingancoma ukuthi abesifazane baphenduke ngezikhathi ezithile. Thina, eJalimane, sinezifundo zokuzihlola.
Yini eye yashintsha ekwelapheni kokugula eminyakeni emi-5-10?
I-Ukraine ithuthukise amakhono okuxilonga: kwakukhona izifundo zofuzo kanye nabadlali-abashayeli, imishini emisha ye-ultrasound nama-mammographe. Ngokuphathelene nabathuthukisi ezweni lethu kukhona iphutha eliphikisanayo elisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa ngokushesha. Ucwaningo lwama-oncomarker ukutholakala kwama-antibodies kumaseli omdlavuza. Uma kungekho mdlavuza, ama-antibodies, ngokulandelana, futhi. Le ndlela iphumelela kuphela ekuxilongweni kokuphindaphindiwe noma imishanguzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona imiphumela emibi yalolu cwaningo.
Ku-chemotherapy yezifo ezimbi, izidakamizwa ezilimaza amaseli ezitha kuphela zivele. Ukwelapha okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi kuhlosiwe, okungukuthi, "iphuzu". Ukuphumelela kwamuva kwezidakamizwa kanye nobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha ngokuvamile kugxila ezikhungweni zezempilo ezizimele. Isimiso sokusebenza asishintshile: e-Ukraine, ngokuvamile kanye nesisu, amabele nawo asusiwe. Ngingathanda ukubona i-psycho-oncology ithuthuke ezweni lakithi - isayensi efunda ithonya lombuso wengqondo wesifazane ekubukeni kwesifo futhi kusiza ukunqoba ukucindezeleka ngemva kokushiya emtholampilo.
Phela, owesifazane uvame ukuhlala ene-tet-a-tet nenkinga yakhe, futhi lokhu kuyanciphisa isikhathi sokuphila ngemuva kokusebenza. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukwelashwa sekugxile kakhulu, ngabanye. Odokotela be-University Hospital Freiburg bacabangela ukungcola okuncane kakhulu komzimba wesiguli ngasinye. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sizobe siphucula uphenyo, futhi sinqume ukuthi noma isiguli sidinga yini imithi yokwelapha noma cha. Namuhla, izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali zisetshenziswa lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza engena emagqumeni lymph noma esimweni sowesifazane osemusha.
Umdlavuza wesifuba uphathwe kahle futhi kuma-80% wamacala kungenzeka ukukhuluma ngokuphulukisa (uma ngabe ukugula kutholakala ngesikhathi). Ezimweni eziningi, sigcina isifuba sabesifazane, ukususwa kwayo manje akusizi ngalutho. Okuhlukile yizicubu eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa "ezigumbini" ezahlukene zesigungu. Ngisho noma isisu esisodwa singesayizi othakazelisayo, ngosizo lwe-chemotherapy esandulela, singanciphisa usayizi wawo bese senza umsebenzi, sigcina isifuba.