Isigaba sokugcina sokwakhiwa kwe-cuisine kazwelonke yase-Ukraine siqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Kodwa ezikhathini zakuqala zokwakhiwa kwawo kwahluka kancane kusuka eBelarusian engumakhelwane, eRussia nasePoland. Ixhunywe neqiniso lokuthi izindawo ezihlukahlukene ze-Ukraine yanamuhla isikhathi eside zaziyingxenye yePoland neRussia, kanye nezinye izifunda eziseduze (eHungary, eRomania, ePoland naseLithuania). Lokhu kungachaza ukungezwani okuyisisekelo kulolu hlu lwezitsha ezidumile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.
Kwakhiwa kanjani ukudla kwase-Ukraine?
Ikhishi lase-Ukraine lakhiwa izici ezakhiwe kakade zenkambiso yamasiko ahlukahlukeneko. I-Ukraine iyindawo enhle kakhulu, futhi izakhi lapho kwakhiwa khona ikhishi zazihluke kakhulu. Izizwe ezomakhelwane, phakathi kwazo zaziyiTatars, amaHungary, amaTurkey, amaGreki, amaMoldovans, zanikeza "ukunambitheka" kwazo izitsha zase-Ukraine. Kodwa naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezinto ezithonya, ukhilimu wase-Ukraine uye wakha imfashini ngempela futhi nemikhiqizo eminingi esetshenziselwa ukupheka, nangendlela yokucubungula le mikhiqizo. Ngemva kokuhlasela kwe-Golden Horde (ukuhlasela kweTatar-Mongol), ukuxhunyaniswa nemikhuba yeSikhumbuzo Esidala saseRussia kwalahleka.
Izindlela zokupheka ochwepheshe baseJalimane nabaseHungary beCulinary kanye nezici zezobuchwepheshe zeTurkey nezokuTatar zokudla ezihambisana ngokudla kwe-Vukrainian. Ngokuqondile, ukupheka kwemikhiqizo e-Turkic kuphela e-oyili e-Ukraine kubizwa ngokuthi "kukhonjiswe." Ngokuvamile, u-anyanisi uthosiwe lapha nemifino ehlukahlukene ngaphambi kokuwafaka ku-borsch. Kodwa inani elikhulu lezingulube lixhuma ukudla kweHungary, iCzech Republic, iSlovakia neBelrusrus nge cuisine Ukraine. Omunye akanakuhluleka ukuqaphela indima yemifino e-Ukraine, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvame ukuhlangana lapha. Akusetshenziswanga nje kuphela ifomu elisawoti noma lokubhema, lisetshenzisiwe njengamafutha okugaya, izinto noma yimuphi omunye inyama lapho kungenjalo. Ama-classic sweet pastry - ama-verguns agcinwe kuphela ngamafutha. Kuleli khishi, amaqanda asetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulungiselela ukudla kwasekuseni, kanye nokubhaka ama-pie ahlukahlukene.
Okuncane mayelana ne-pastry yase-Ukraine
Ukubhaka kanye nemikhiqizo yefulawa - lesi isahluko esikhulu se-cuisine yase-Ukraine. Uhlobo oluthandayo kakhulu lwe-test e-Ukraine luhlanzekile. I-semi-exhaust, ne-powder baking, i-custard. I-sandy ne-puff pastry isetshenziswe kahle ukwenza amakhekhe amnandi. Izindwangu namadombolo, amaGrisi kanye ne-lemis yizidakamizwa zezwe, ezilungiselelwe kusukela emgqonyeni ongenamhlanjesi nabancane - ama-vergones kanye "nokugwaza". Kusukela emgqumeni inhlama, njengomthetho, bhaka imikhiqizo yesinkwa, njenge "palyanytsi" (isinkwa), iwayini le-culinary (isinkwa esivela kufulawa wekolweni kanye ne-powder kusuka emajikijolo we-viburnum). Ufulawa wokhula luyisisekelo sokulungiselela inhlama. Ngokungavamile kakhulu ukusebenzisa ufulawa wekolweni ngokuxubana ne-buckwheat. Izitshalo ezidumile kakhulu ziyi-millet nelayisi (okuthiwa "i-Sorochin millet" noma i-Saracen ngesiqalo semvelaphi yemvelo noma isi-Arabhu).
Isicelo semifino
E-Ukraine, ithanda imifino. Lapha kuyisidingo esiyimfuneko kakhulu sokudla inyama noma ukusika amafutha. Okuthandwa kakhulu futhi okusemandleni okusho ukuthi imifino kazwelonke yi "Buryak" (beetroot). Isetshenziselwa futhi isetshenziswe kumafomu ajwayelekile kakhulu. Izinhlayiya zezinyosi yizona ezigqoka kakhulu i-borscht.
Izitshalo ezinje ezinjengobhontshisi noma i-lentile yizithasiselo ezingeziwe ezibhekwayo, noma zingaba isidlo esihle kakhulu. Namanje e-Ukraine bakhetha izaqathe, amazambane kanye notamatisi. Ummbila usebenza njengesilwane esinezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezaladi noma umane ubilisiwe. Amazambane asetshenziswe kakhulu ekhiqizweni lase-Ukraine, futhi kaningi liyi-dish eliyi-side ngendlela ye-puree eya inyama ebilisiwe noma ethosiwe. I-starch ekhishiwe isetshenziswa uma ulungiselela izithelo zejelly nezinye imikhiqizo ye-confectionery.
"Ihlelo" lamafutha omifino
Isitsha esingavamile ku-cuisine yase-Ukraine sisebenzisa ngaphandle kwamafutha yemifino. Amafutha emifino ethandwa kakhulu yiwoyela lika-sunflower. Ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zokucubungula imbewu ye-sunflower, kunezinhlobo ezimbili: amafutha okubandayo nokushisa okushisayo. Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu basebenzisa ingulube yamancibilikisa amafutha (ama-smalets), namafutha e-sunflower aqala ukusetshenziselwa maduzane, ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngephunga lembewu ethosiwe ye-sunflower, ama-salads ahlukahlukene (ama-vinaigrettes, isaladi eluhlaza kanye utamatisi namakhukhamba) asetshenziselwa ukucindezela amafutha ngesitshalo esishisayo. Amafutha omshini wokushisa aya enqubo yokudoba nokubhaka.
Ukuphumula ngezidlo
Kusukela ku-seasonings, okokuqala u-anyanisi usebenzise u-anyanisi, i-garlic, i-dill, i-parsley, i-cumin. Uviniga uvame ukusetshenziselwa kokubili izitsha zenyama nama-saladi ahlukahlukene. Emakhakheni amnandi njalo engeza isinamoni nama-clove.
Izithelo ezidumile zaseCukrainian Cuisine
Izithelo ezithandwa kakhulu e-Ukraine yi-apula, amapheya, iziqhingi. Bafaka amapayipi, babhake kuhhavini, bapheke i-jam ngaphandle kwabo. Ababhemayo nama-gooseberries bayakwazisa kakhulu njengezinto zokwakha zokwenza ama-compotes kanye nama-icicles.
Ukucubungula kwemikhiqizo
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela indlela ehlanganisiwe yokucubungula imikhiqizo ngokushisa, ikakhulukazi inyama. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwelashwa okushisa isikhathi eside, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukucima, ukupheka noma ukupheka, ungakapheki ukupheka ukudla emafutheni (uma kungukudla, kuze kube yilapho kuvela isikhumba esibuhlungu). Ngalezi zindlela zokupheka izitsha e-Ukraine zihlotshaniswa nokubonakala kwezinto - zonke izinhlobo ze-cauldron kanye ne-frying-pan, izitsha, izinkomishi kanye nezigulane (jugs).
Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala kwemikhiqizo, kukhona ukukhishwa kwamabala, ukusika kahle inyama ngomese. Ubuningi bezitsha ezichotshoziwe inyama-inyama, imiqulu eqoshiwe, ama-cobbles kanye nama-cutlets ichazwa ngokuboleka e-German cuisine ngokusebenzisa ukudla kwasePoland naseCzech Republic. Njenganoma iyiphi ikhishi elinomlando omude, ukudla kwase-Ukraine kuhluke kakhulu ezindaweni. Uma uthatha ukudla kwase-Western Western nase-Eastern Europhu, khona-ke bahluke kakhulu. Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-borsch e-Ukraine lingaphezu kuka-30. I-Borsch ingafakwa kuze kube yizingxube ezingu-20, okuyisisekelo - iklabishi, beet, utamatisi ngesimo samatamatisi unamathelisi noma utamatisi ujusi.