Vula ukuphuka: usizo lokuqala

I-fracture ibhekwa evulekile uma izicubu ezithambile ezithambile zonakalisiwe, ezivula indlela ngqo yokutheleleka ukungena esifundeni sokuphuka. Uma ulungisa izingcezu bese uvala isilonda, kufanele kulandelwe imithetho ekhethekile ukuze unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka. I-Fractures evulekile, lapho izingcezu zamathambo ziphazamisa ubuqotho besikhumba, ngokuvamile zivela ngenxa yokulimala kanzima futhi ngokuvamile zihambisana nezinye ukulimala. Izinyathelo zokwelashwa eziyinhloko zihloswe ukugcina noma ukubuyisela ubuciko bokuhamba komuntu womuntu othintekile, okuhlinzeka ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen nokulawula umfutho wegazi. Ngemuva kokuba imisebenzi ebalulekile iqiniswe, kungenzeka ukuthi uqale ukwelashwa kwangempela kwephutha. Vula ukuphuka, usizo lokuqala yisihloko salesi sihloko.

Izinkinga

Isiguli esine-fracture evulekile sisengozini enkulu yokucindezeleka kulesi sifo. Ikakhulukazi, ukuhlanganiswa okwesikhashana kwe-fracture (ukuhlanganiswa okulibazisekile) noma ukuntuleka kokunamathela (okungewona ukukhula kwe-fracture), kanye nokutheleleka kwezicubu endaweni evulekile yokuphuka, kungenzeka. Ukuphazamiseka kokunamathela kubangelwa ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile esakhiweni sokuphulwa; ukulahlekelwa kwabo kuholela ekusweleni kokusakazwa kwendawo, okuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlukana.

Ukutheleleka

Imithombo yokutheleleka yesikhumba sesiguli ngokwakhe, izingubo zakhe noma izinto ezihlukahlukene endaweni yesehlakalo; amabhaktheriya angene kalula endaweni evulekile enxeba futhi ephukile. Uma kukhona ukutheleleka kwethambo ngokwalo (i-osteomyelitis), ukwelashwa kunzima kakhulu. Imithi eminingi yama-antibiotics ayangena emthini. Uma isifo sesifo sisungulwe, lesi sifo sibhekwa njengesifo esingenasifo se-osteomyelitis. Ngenxa yalokho, isiguli sibhekene nezinkinga eziningana, njenge:

• ukungakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside emsebenzini;

• ubuhlungu;

• i-edema;

• ukucindezeleka okuphindaphindiwe kokutheleleka;

• ukwakhiwa kwe-fistula (amathayi avela esitheni kuya phezulu kwesikhumba) okukhiqiza i-pus.

Ngokumelene nesimiso sokutheleleka okuqhubekayo, inqubo evamile yokuphulwa kwe-fusion ayinakwenzeka. I-necrosis yesikhashana yamasayithi amathambo ephazamisa ukulungiswa okwanele nokunamathiselwe kwezingcezu. Izimiso zokwelashwa ziqeda ukulimala (ukuhlanzwa kwamabhaktheriya), ukugcinwa kokusebenza kwamathambo, kanye nesicelo, uma kunesidingo, amasu okuhlinzwa epulasitiki ukuze kuqiniswe izingcezu zethambo. Izingxube ze-bone ekuqaleni ziqiniswe ngumbambi wangaphandle. Kunezici eziningi zokulungisa zangaphandle zobunjwa nobukhulu obuhlukene eziye zaqalwa, ukufakwa lapho udokotela ohlinzayo esebenzisa imishini ekhethekile. Umshini okhethekile we-X-ray - ukuqinisa isithombe-kukuvumela ukuba uthathe izithombe eziboniswe esikrinini sokuqapha, ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, udokotela ohlinzayo angenza isiqiniseko sokuthi zombili izingcezu zethambo kanye nezakhi zendawo yokugcina yangaphandle zimi kahle. Ukusebenzisa ukuqinisa isithombe, udokotela ohlinzayo kumele agcwalise inkambo ekhethekile ekuvikelekeni nasekuvikeleni imisebe, futhi abasebenzi abasebenza kufanele babeke ama-aprons ahamba phambili. Ukubuyiselwa ubuqotho besikhumba kutholakala ngethuluzi elikhethekile - i-dermatome, esetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-graft esikhumba; ukuxhumeka kwezakhiwo ezenziwe kahle kakhulu zenziwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ukuze uqinisekise indawo efanele izakhi zomhleli wangaphandle, udokotela ohlinzayo wama-orthopedic wenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ze-X-ray esebenzisa isithombe esiyingqayizivele somfanekiso. Ukuphuka okuvulekile kungaba umphumela wengozi yesithuthuthu, lapho izitho zitholakala khona emthonyeni onamandla.