Ukuhlukaniswa kwesithuthwane
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesithuthwane kusekelwe esimweni sokuqothulwa, ukuguqulwa komsebenzi wezobuchopho ku-EEG, ukutholakala kwendawo yokugxila kwesibindi ebuchosheni, ukutholakala kwanoma yikuphi ukugqugquzela noma ukukhathazeka ekuthuthukiseni ukugunjwa, kanye nesiguli sesiguli.
Amafomu okuqothulwa kwesisu
Ukuqothulwa kwesifo sofuba kuhlukaniswe sibe yinto ejwayelekile futhi eyingxenye.
Ukuqothulwa okujwayelekile
Kulesi simo, kukhona ukusakazeka komsebenzi wesithuthwane kusukela ekugxilweni kuwo wonke ubuchopho. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuhlukunyezwa okujwayelekile:
• Ukuqothulwa kwe-Tonic-clonic (ukuhlasela okukhulu) - kuhambisane nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Kule nkinga, isiguli sokuqala sishaya kunoma yisiphi isikhundla, khona-ke kukhona ukudumala komzimba wonke. Kungase kube nokuchama okungafuneki noma ukuhlukunyezwa;
• Ukuxoshwa kwe-Anon-convulsive generalized (ukuhlushwa okuncane) - kuphelelwa ukulahlekelwa okungazelelwe, ngokuvamile kumasekhondi ambalwa kuphela, okungabonakala.
Isici esiningi sezingane, futhi kungase kubonakale sengathi ingane ivele icabange;
• Ukuthathwa kwe-atonic - ngokuvamile etholakala ezinganeni; ehambisana nokuwa okungazelelwe;
• isimo sesithuthwane - ukuqubukana kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuthola ulwazi; imiphumela engaba yingozi.
Ukuthathwa okuyingxenye
Ngokuzikhandla okuyingxenye, ingxenye eyodwa yobuchopho ihileleke enkambweni yokugula. Ngokuvamile ziwumphumela wokugula okuphilayo. Ukuqothulwa okukodwa kungadlulela ekubanjeni okujwayelekile. Kungaba:
• Ukuthwala okulula - isiguli sithola ushintsho ekuboneni ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yimiqondo;
• Ukuhlukunyezwa okuyinkimbinkimbi - ngokulahlekelwa ulwazi.
Ukuhlonza
Enye yezindlela zokuthola ukuhlunga isifo se-electroencephalography (i-EEG). Ama-electrodes afakwe esikhwameni sesiguli sesiguli esithathwa yi-cortex yobuchopho. Lezi zimo zibonisa isimo esisebenzayo kanye nomsebenzi wamaseli wegazi. I-Anomalies yomsebenzi wobuchopho ivame ukuvela lapho umsebenzi we-cells odidiyelwe uphazamiseka. Le EEG ibonisa umsebenzi kagesi wengqondo yomuntu onempilo. I-EEG yesiguli esiphethwe yisithuthwane singathola amagagasi angavamile kagesi. Ngokuvamile, inqubo ye-EEG ihlala cishe imizuzu engu-15, kodwa kwezinye izimo ayibonakali izinguquko emisebenzini yobuchopho isici sokufa kwesithuthwane. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola umphumela wokuxilonga, izifundo eziningana ze-EEG zingadingeka.
Anamnesis wesifo
Kubalulekile ukutadisha umlando onemininingwane yesiguli, kufaka phakathi incazelo yemvelo kanye nemvamisa yokubamba. Ukucaciswa kohlobo lokubanjwa kungakusiza ekunqumeni uhlobo lokufelwa kwesithuthwane kanye nokwehla kwendawo yokugxila komsebenzi kagesi. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuqothulwa zilandelwa yi-aura okuthiwa, futhi ngemva kokuhlaselwa isiguli singakhononda ukudideka, ikhanda kanye nobuhlungu emisipha. Incazelo enembile yokuthunjwa kofakazi kubalulekile nokuxilongwa.
Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe
Ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kungadingeka ukuze kucacise ukuthi ukuthunjwa kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlushwa, ukuqonda isimo nesimo sayo. Izifundo ezilandelayo zingadingeka:
• Ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sokuphuza kuvela kusuka ekhanda kuya ekuthinjeni. Ukuqaphela izimpawu zezihlobo noma abangane kungasiza ekutholeni lesi sifo.
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubona izinguquko ezingeni lamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene;
• Ukufaneka kwemifanekiso ye-resonance magnetic (MRI) - ukuthola ukuthi isifo se-organic brain.
Ngemuva kokutholakala kwesifo sokufa, isiguli sigunyazwe ukwelashwa kwe-anticonvulsant. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-anticonvulsants ezitholakalayo, kuhlanganise ne-carbamazepine ne-sodium valproate, kodwa akekho kuwo wonke umuntu ozokwelapha zonke izinhlobo zesithuthwane. Ukukhethwa kwe-anticonvulsant kuncike ekutheni isifo sokufa kwesibindi, iminyaka yesiguli kanye nokuba khona kokuphikisana, njengokukhulelwa. Ekuqaleni, isiguli sinikezwa isilinganiso esincane semithi, esivela phezulu kuze kufike ukulawula okuphelele kokuqothulwa. Lapho umthamo usuwedlule, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa imiphumela emibi, kusukela ekuguleni kuze kube ngaphezu kwezinwele. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kabusha kudingekile, kusize ukukhetha isilinganiso esifanele, ngoba umthamo ofanayo wezidakamizwa ungabangela umphumela ohlukile ezigulini ezahlukene.
Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa
Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa kuyasetshenziswa namuhla ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu - uma ukwelapha izidakamizwa kungasebenzi, futhi ukugxila kokuphefumula ebuchosheni kuyaziwa ngokuqondile.
• Uma umuntu elahlekelwe ulwazi ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, kodwa uyakwazi ukuphefumula ngokuzimela, kubalulekile ukumnika isikhundla esinqumayo. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukuphefumula kweka.
Usizo lokuqala
Usizo lokuqala lwe-tonic-clonic epileptic fit kanje:
• Isikhala esizungezile isiguli sikhululwe ngezizathu zokuphepha kokubili isiguli kanye nomnakekeli;
• Vala izambatho zisusiwe;
• Ngaphansi kwekhanda lesiguli, faka into elula;
• Uma isiguli singaphefumuli, ukuphefumula okufakelwayo kunikezwa.
Uma nje ukuxubana emaphethelweni sekuphela, isiguli kumele sibekwe endaweni eqinile. Awukwazi ukubeka noma yini emlonyeni wakhe. Kunoma yikuphi, udinga ukubiza i-ambulensi, ikakhulukazi uma lokhu kungukuqala, kwahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emithathu noma isiguli sithole umonakalo. Iningi leziguli eziye zabhekana nesifo esisodwa sezibhekana nesenzakalo sesibili eminyakeni emibili ezayo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka emavikini ambalwa emva kokuhlaselwa kokuqala. Isinqumo sokukhetha ukwelashwa emva kokulingana kwesibili siyoxhomeka ekuthinteni okukhona kwesifo ekusebenzeni kwesiguli kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa
Ukwelashwa kunika ukulawula okuphelele kokugubha futhi kunciphisa kakhulu imvamisa yabo kwisithathu sesiguli. Cishe ezimbili kwezintathu zeziguli ezinesifo sokuphuza ngemva kokuthola ukulawulwa kokuqeda inganqanda ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, izidakamizwa kufanele zihoxiswe kancane kancane, ngoba ukuqubuka kungase kuqhubeke nokunciphisa izinga lemithi emzimbeni emzimbeni.
Izici zomphakathi
Isithuthwane, ngeshwa, sisabonwa ngabaningi njengehlobo lokuhlambalaza. Ngakho-ke, iziguli ngokuvamile azibiki ukugula kwabo kubangane, osebenza nabo nabaqashi, besaba isimo sengqondo esibi kubo.
Izithibelo
Iziguli ezibhekene nesifo sokuphuza, phakathi kokunye ukulinganiselwa, zithathwe ithuba lokuthola ilayisensi yokushayela nokuzibandakanya emisebenzini ethile. Izingane ezinesithuthwane akufanele zigeze noma zigibele ibhayisikili ngaphandle kokuqondiswa kwabantu abadala. Uma uphethwe isifo esifanelekile, ukwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuqapha okujwayelekile, iziguli eziningi zingakwazi ukuqapha inkambo yokugula kwazo. Isibikezelo sabantwana abanesifo sokuwa nesifo sokuphuza sivame ukuhleleka. Njengokuqapha, ingane kufanele ihlale idlala noma ibhukuda ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabantu abadala.