Amaqiniso abaluleke kunazo zonke mayelana nama-recidivists, izici ezithonya ukuziphatha kwazo, zisinikeza ingqondo yezobugebengu, ikakhulukazi, utshwala. Okokuqala, sizohlaziya amaqiniso abaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe, hlola izibalo, futhi kusukela kulo sizokwenza ezinye iziphetho. Abaningi abaphindaphindiwe baqala imisebenzi yabo ngesikhathi sobusha, cishe amaphesenti angama-70 ababuyiselwayo abaphutha ngenxa yokuphila kwabo ngaphambi kokuzalwa kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Yini ephoqa intsha ekuziphatheni okunjalo okungahambi kahle? Lokhu kungase kube ukunganeliseki ngezidingo zomphakathi, ukungabi namathemba okuphila, ukukhanselwa kwecala lobugebengu bokuphuza utshwala, ukudayisa ubufebe, lokhu kuyizinto ezincane ezifana nobuhlobo bomndeni, abangane, izici zangaphakathi - izici zomuntu siqu, inhlangano yokuzilibazisa embi kanye nenkolo yobudlova eshunyayelwa isixuku imithombo yolwazi. Isibonelo, amafilimu amasonto ngobugebengu, ukubulala kushiya umqondo engqondweni yengane, ukuhlanekezela umbono wakhe wobugebengu, lapho ukuziphatha okunjalo kubonakala sengathi kuyinkuthalo futhi kujabulisa, kuyamangalisa kakhulu futhi kuyathakazelisa, ngani? Futhi, eziningi zokubuyiselwa emuva, izenzo zabo zihlobene ngqo nezici zomuntu siqu, izingxabano zangaphakathi, noma ubudlelwano emndenini.
Izinkomba zokuphambene nemikhuba yezenhlalo emazweni ahlukene ziphakeme kakhulu. Yini engaba imbangela? Sizohlaziya izimbangela zomphakathi zokuziphatha okuphambene nokuphindaphindiwe. Lokhu kungase kube ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle, isibonakaliso sokuziphatha okuphansi kwemvelo yomuntu, izwe lakhe, indawo engasisekeli, kodwa futhi engathathi hlangothi ibhekisela kulolu hlobo lokuziphatha. Utshwala, njengobugebengu, yilona uhlobo oluyinhloko lokuziphatha okungahambi kahle. Amajaji abenza kaningi izenzo ezinjalo, ngoba bazizwa isidingo esikhulu sokuzihlonipha, ingozi, ukuhlukumezeka, banokuhlukumezeka ngokomzwelo futhi bengakaboni kahle iqiniso, okungabenza baphinde babuyeke ubugebengu nokuphuza utshwala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo mayelana nokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi inani lamadoda linqoba ngaphezu kwenani labesifazane, okungukuthi, izikhathi ezingu-2.5. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izizathu zalokhu kuziphatha zivame kakhulu kumadoda kunabesifazane. Kodwa ngisho nabamele abesilisa ababuthakathaka nabo banamacala okuphindaphindiwe. Yini engabashaya kulokhu? Izimfanelo zomuntu siqu zabesifazane ababuyiselwa emuva bahlukumeza kakhulu kunamadoda. Abesifazane abaningi bahlushwa utshwala futhi baningi amathuba okuhlukunyezwa komndeni kunamadoda. Kubo, ukulahlekelwa kobudlelwane bomphakathi kuyingozi kakhulu, emva kwalokho, kutholakala isizungu nokuphuza ngokweqile, okuholela ekugebheni okuphindaphindiwe, ekuziphatheni okungekho emthethweni noma kwezinye izinhlobo zokulahleka.
Abaningi bethu baqaphela umthelela omubi wotshwala emzimbeni. Kodwa ukulimala kwakhe akukona nje kuphela kumuntu ngamunye kanye nempilo yomuntu, utshwala buqhubekisa abantu ekuziphatheni okungezwani, hhayi ukuhlukunyezwa yingqondo. Utshwala ngumngane osobala wokuziphatha okungahambi kahle nobugebengu. Esimweni sokudakwa, u-2/3 wezobugebengu uzibophezele, okuyisihlanu okuzibophezele ukuthenga utshwala nezidakamizwa. Ukuthembela ekuphuzeni utshwala kuyanda, inani lezinsolo liqhubeka liqhubezela ukuphindaphindiwe ekuziphatheni okungezwani. Isikhathi samahhala kuma-recidivists sihambisana nokudakwa, nsukuzonke cishe abangaba abathathu abaphindaphindiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, utshwala luholela ekuziphatheni kwe-psyche, ukuphazamiseka kokubona kweqiniso futhi ngokwayo, okwenza ukuthi ubugebengu bomuntu obhekene necala buphindwe kaningi, buhlukumeze futhi bungabandlululo. Ubuntu bomuntu ohlangene naye buvame ukuhlangana ngezinhlobo ezintathu: isimo sezenhlalo, ukungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi nokungafani nabantu.
Ubuhlobo bobugebengu bobuhlobo bendawo buxhomeke esimweni nasesimweni esithile. Ubuntu bomuntu ongobuhlobo bomuntu yibo abafundiswa kakhulu, ababhekene nokuhlelwa, okuyingozi kunazo zonke, abanonya futhi besongela umphakathi. Ngokuvamile, ukuthukuthelela abanye, ukwenza ubugebengu kubantu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kugcizelele ukuzimela kwabo ngabanye, ababuyiselwayo baziphendulela ngokwabo, balwa nobunzima obuphansi. Ukuzimela ngokweqile kwengqondo kaningi ukuhlukanisa kusuka kumbuthano we "wethu". Abakwa-Recidivists of the antisocial uhlobo abangenandaba nezwe ezungezile, babonakala ukunganakwa, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukwenza amacala amancane, ukuhlakanipha okuphansi. Abesifazane abaphindaphindiwe bavame ukuhlangana nobuntu obungabonakali nhlobo, ngoba isici esivela kunazo zonke asiyona into engavamile. Ngaphansi kokuthwala utshwala, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokuqonda komphakathi, izisusa zomuntu siqu, ukulahlekelwa komuntu oseduze, abesifazane benza amacala amaningi amancane, njengokuthi, ukweba.
I-psychology ye-recidivism nokudakwa ngokweqile ayihlanganiswa kahle. Ikakhulu imiphumela yotshwala ezimweni ezinjalo ngabesifazane abangakwazi ukunqoba izinkinga zabo. Ngosizo lwotshwala, basuswa emphakathini futhi benze ngokuphambene nalo. Ngeshwa, owesifazane onamahloni umuntu onjalo uphenduka waba yisigebengu, ukubulala okuvela ngaphakathi kwakhe nokuphila kwakhe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abanye abantu.