Kwabaningi, ukuzivikela komzimba kuhlala into engavamile. Kodwa lokhu kuyinkomba enkulu yempilo, isimo sengqondo nokuqina kwanoma yimuphi umuntu ophilayo. Ukungavikeleki (okuvela e-Latin immunitas - "inkululeko") kusho ukuvikelwa, ukulahlwa komzimba kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo, imikhiqizo yomsebenzi wabo obalulekile, kusuka emathunjini nama cell tumor. Ngamafuphi, kuzo zonke izinto ezingalimaza.
Ukuvikelwa komzimba kumelelwe imizimba ethize, ngezindlela eziningi kufana nesistimu yokuzivikela yezwe.
Futhi ihlukaniswe ngezihlobo ezihlukahlukene zezempi, nje kuphela izikhungo zemfundo ezempi zempi kanye nohlobo lwemibuso. Izitho zamasosha omzimba zihlukaniswe zibe yimpumelelo (lapho amasosha omzimba "aqeqeshiwe") nakwesibini (lapho "asebenza khona").
Izitho eziyinhloko yi-thymus nebomvu lamathambo. Amangqamuzana asemqoka omzimba angama-lymphocytes. Kuthunyelwa esikhungweni esiphakeme semfundo (thymus). Leli yigama lamaseli "aqeqeshiwe" - I-T-lymphocytes, evela ku-T (thymus), ngokungafani ne-B-lymphocytes (evela eB-bursa), ebizwa ngokuthi isikhwama sezinkampani ezinyoni, nakuba kubambisene indima yayo eyenziwa ngomnyu obomvu, I-lymphocytes ihileleka ekwakhiweni kwama-antibodies, amaprotheni wegazi le-serum, elivikela ngokuqondile umzimba emagciwane. "Ukuqeqesha" ku-thymus kuhloswe ukukhiqiza ingxenye ye-T-lymphocytes ikhono lokubona abagibeli, kubandakanya amabhaktheriya. Lena uhlelo lohlobo lwe-counterintelligence.
Iningi le-T-lymphocytes laba ababulali (ababulali), babhubhisa ama-agent esitha ukuthi amangqamuzana e-scout avele. Ama-T-lymphocyte asele enza umsebenzi wokulawula: Abasizi be-T (abasizi) bathuthukisa ukuvikelwa, abaqapheli kuphela abantu abangabazi, kodwa nabathengi abakhe. Ama-degenerate anjalo, isibonelo, amangqamuzana omzimba. Abasizi babika esikhungweni - iseli libuye lazalwa kabusha, seliyisitha futhi lingase liqale inqubo yokwakhiwa kwesisu esinomdlavuza. Ukuphendula lesi siginali, ababulali be-T bathunyelwa ku "umthengisi" futhi bayayibulala. Kukhona futhi ama-lymphocytes okucindezelayo (avela ku-English ukucindezela - "ukucindezela"), okuvala ukuzivikela komzimba ngemuva kokuba abantu abangabazi nabahlukumezi benzile ngokungenabungozi. Ngaphandle kwalokho ababulali abaxhashazwayo bangabeka ukushisa ngama-inertia namaseli asendaweni.
Ama-leukocytes omunye uhlobo (i-neutrophils) yakha umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela. Kufana nabalindi bokungqamuli abokuqala ukuhlangabezana nabantu abangaziwa nge-pathogenic, kuhlanganise nalawo ma-microorganisms kanye nama-virus angena embranini emanzini noma esikhumbeni. "Abalindi be-Frontier" nabo bahlanza ubuso obonakalisiwe nabalimele kusuka kumangqamuzana afela empini engalingani nama-pathogens, kanye nase-erythrocytes "endala." Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu uzwile nge-interferon, manje, ngempela, esetshenziselwa kakhulu izifo ezithathelwanayo. Iyini i-interferon? Liyisiprotheni esincane semithambo yezinhlamvu ezinamakhemikhali antiviral. Iqala ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana anegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. I-Interferon igxilisa ukuphindaphinda kwamagciwane kumaseli, futhi kuthatha amangqamuzana wamahhala futhi angavumeli abantu bangaphandle bahambe lapho. Kunezinhlobo zama-leukocytes (ama-eosinophils) angaba nengxenye ekubhujisweni kwama-parasites okutheleleka emzimbeni, kanye nokuphendula okwenziwe. Babiza abanye abantu ukuba basize, ngakho-ke inani labo egazini landa.
Izitho zesibili zokuvikelwa yi-spleen, i-lymph nodes, i-tonsils, i-adenoids, isithasiselo, i-follicles ye-lymphatic. Bathi, njengama cell of immunode themselves, bahlakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Lezi zincazelo ezilula mayelana namasosha omzimba. Kodwa kuzosisiza ukuba siqonde izincwadi ezithandwayo mayelana nempilo futhi siqonde ukuthi singakuqinisa kanjani ukuzivikela kwabo, ngokwabo, ikakhulukazi izingane.
Ama-probiotics nama-prebiotics
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-microbes (i-lactococci, i-enterococci, i-micrococci, i-bifidobacteria) ivikela umzimba wethu emiphumeleni emibi yemisebe, amakhemikhali anobungozi kanye nama-carcinogens. Ngokwezisekelo zamasiko ala ma-microbes, ososayensi badala i-biologics ekwenzeni ngcono imithi yamathumbu emathumbu kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi yezokwelapha-prophylactic. Babizwa ngokuthi ama-probiotics. Eqinisweni, lezi zinkolelo ezincane ezincane ziyi-colonists, ezathunyelwa ukuthuthukisa izindawo ezintsha emathunjini. Amagciwane asebenzayo avikela umzimba kubantu abangabazi. Kuye kwadalwa amalungiselelo okunzima, okubandakanya kokubili amagciwane asebenzayo kanye nezinto ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwazo. Izinto ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-prebiotics. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-fibre yokudla, i-pectin, ama-enzyme namavithamini ngamanye, kanye nama-polysaccharides namaprotheni. Babizwa ukuba benze izimo ezihle zabakoloni, ukuzisiza ukuba bathole indawo entsha futhi babe izakhamuzi zasemakhaya ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zamathumbu. Lezi zinto eziwusizo kakhulu, ama-prebiotics, awunakho okwanele kokudla okulungisiwe, okulungele ukudla, njengama-porridges esheshayo naphakathi, amazambane ahlambulukile, ama-jellies, ama-juice. Imikhiqizo ehlanjululwe kahle kuphela ezinganeni, ezakhiwa izinqubo zokugaya ukudla kuphela futhi azikwazi ukubhekana nokufaniswa kokudla okuphelele kwemvelo. Izinkimbinkimbi zazo zonke lezi zinambuzane eziphilayo eziwusizo (ama-probiotics kanye nama-prebiotics) zisetshenziselwa ukucebisa imikhiqizo yobisi evutshiwe futhi zisekelwe kuma-kefirbiobalanses, iziphuzo nezithasiselo zemifino ezinhlobonhlobo, njll. Amalungiselelo e-drug (pharmacy) ama-probiotics asetshenziswa ngokusho komuthi kadokotela we-dysbacteriosis, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi omuncu ehlanganiswe nalezi zinhlobo ezincane zempilo nazo ziwusizo ezinganeni ezinempilo zokugcina ubumbano obuhle "obuningi bomzimba".
Abakhi bamaprotheni
Qaphela: zonke izinto zamasosha omzimba ziyizidumbu zamaprotheni. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kwakhiwe ukwakhiwa kwawo kubalulekile ukufaka imikhiqizo yamaprotheni ekudleni kokudla.
Amaprotheni okudla okunempilo kufanele agcwaliswe, aqukethe isethi ephelele yama-amino acids oyifunayo.
Le nyama, ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi, amaqanda, izinhlanzi. Kwenzekani uma ingane inikezwa isobho esikhundleni senyama yemvelo, kusasa esikhundleni se-cottage ushizi - ushizi ophuziweyo, usuku olulandelayo kusasa esikhundleni sezinhlanzi - umkhiqizo obizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi ezinomsoco wezinhlanzi? Ngokwemvelo, ukungabi khona kwezinto zokwakha zezinto ezisebenzisa ukuvikelwa komzimba, kuzothinta amandla abo.
Ukuvikela ingane
Ukukhathazeka komzimba wengane kuya kwezifo kuye kwaqaphela isikhathi eside. "Ukuphila komntwana oneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-7 ubudala kubanjwe ngendwangu," bathi ezikhathini zasendulo, isimo sashintsha kakhulu.
Ngezikhathi zokuqubuka kwezifo eziphefumula zokuphefumula kwamagciwane, thatha decoction yenja rose nsuku zonke! Kuyo, ngaphezu kwe-vitamin C, kune-beta-carotene ebaluleke kakhulu, ne-provitamin A.