Ngonyaka ngamunye abantwana abangaba ngu-10 000 abanesifo senhliziyo esibhedlela besana bazalwa ezweni lethu. Kuzo zonke izinkulungwane ezibeletha zikhona izingane eziyi-10 ezidinga ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo.
Imisebenzi ye- heart heart congenital i-5% yenani eliphelele lama-pathologies avame kakhulu, abasebenzisa ukwelashwa okusezingeni eliphezulu.
Izifo ezingama congenital yilabo abavela ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine. Isifo senhliziyo esiphumele (CHD) sakhiwa emavikini angu-21-28 okukhulelwa futhi ngokushesha siholela ekuphukeni kwentuthuko yenhliziyo encane. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugeleza kwegazi kwegazi kuyashintsha futhi ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kuvela.
Ukukhubazeka kwezinhliziyo ezingenalutho emntwaneni, okuhambisana ne-cyanosis yesikhumba (odokotela ababiza ngokuthi "okwesibhakabhaka") bavele ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane.Iziphuphu lapho isikhumba siba mhlophe futhi sibanda ("mhlophe"), singahlala iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwempawu futhi sitholakale ngengozi ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okuvimbela.
Ukusungula i-UPU emntwaneni ozayo kungenzeka kuphela emitholampilo ekhethekile, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kuyabonakala ekubonisaneni kwabesifazane.
Izimbangela
Kungani umntwana ehlakulela isifo senhliziyo? Izizathu ezicacile yizi: izifo ezithathelwanayo (i-rubella, isingqimba, umkhuhlane, i-cytomegalovirus). Uma umama ehluleka nabo e-trimester yokuqala, ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwenhliziyo yengane ezayo kuphukile. Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi imvelo embi, ukucindezeleka, i-toxicosis ezinyathelweni zokuqala zokukhulelwa, izifo ezinzima noma ezingapheli zowesifazane okhulelwe zizosola ukubonakala kwe-UPU. I-genetic predisposition nayo idlala indima.
Izici zokuxilonga
Kungcono ukusungula i-UPU namanje ku-utero. Lokhu kungenziwa ezikhungweni ezikhethekile noma emitholampilo ngesisekelo esihle sokuxilonga.
Umama uzobhalwa ukubonisana nochwepheshe, futhi uzokhuluma ngamathemba alindele umntwana.
Ngesinye isikhathi odokotela banikezela ngemithi yabo yama-mother asekela umsebenzi wezinhliziyo futhi bathuthukise izinqubo zokunciphisa umzimba emntwaneni.
Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa okukhethekile kuyadingeka ku-utero. Isibonelo, izidakamizwa ezihlukunyezwayo nezidakamizwa ezithuthukisa izinqubo ze-metabolic in the myocardium fetal.
Kumele sigcine umbuso wosuku , kuholele ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo, kodwa okuphikisayo. Ukudla okunomsoco, okunomsoco okunezakhi zamavithamini nama microelements kuyadingeka.
Uma into engamjabulisi umbelethi wakho wezinsikazi ekubonisaneni kwabesifazane, umama wesikhathi esizayo kufanele ngokushesha nje angene ku-cardiologist kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo we-cardiac ukuze ahlole kabanzi.
Omama abaningi banenkathazo yokuthi uma ingane ithola ukuthi inesifo senhliziyo, ngokuqinisekile bayofanele babelethe isigaba sokudla. Akunjalo. Ngenhlanganisela enhle yezimo, ungakwazi ukubeletha ngokuphepha ngokwemvelo.
Khumbula ukuthi udinga kuphela ukuxhumana nodokotela ohlinzayo wezinhliziyo ozochazela umama olindelekile ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olungenalo ingane, luhlobo luni lokuhlinzwa oludingekayo, ukuthi yini okumele ulindele.
Ukuthola i-CHD enganeni esanda kuzalwa, udokotela angenza izibonakaliso zezici: umbala we-cyanotic wezindebe, izindlebe zezindlebe, kanye ne-cyanosis yesikhumba esenzeka lapho umntwana esondla lapho ekhala.
Uma kwenzeka " ingane emhlophe" ikhubazekile enhliziyweni yengane, isikhumba esilulekile somntwana, izandla zayo ezibandayo nemilenze, sibonisa lesi sifo, ngezinye izikhathi isibonakaliso sokwehlukana kuyinhliziyo enhliziyweni, nakuba kungadingekile.
Izinguquko ku-electrocardiogram, i-X-rays kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-echographic kubonisa nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isifo senhliziyo esibelethwe enganeni. Kudingekile ukuthi uxoxe nesifo senhliziyo.
Ukusebenza noma ukwelashwa?
Njengomthetho, uma isifo senhliziyo singenzima kakhulu, ingane izovele ibhekwe ochwepheshe. Ngokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo elula kungenzeka.
Umama nengane bangase badinge usizo olungagcini lwezinhliziyo kuphela, kodwa nangomqondo wezengqondo, ukuze bazinze (ikakhulukazi kumama ongakwazi ukukhathazeka nokuphumula okungadingekile, futhi lokhu akufanele kube khona) futhi akhombise ukuthi ungaziphatha kanjani kuleso sifo.
Ngezinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu zesifo senhliziyo, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka. Ikhulula isisindo futhi isimise ukujikeleza kwenhliziyo.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, izingxenye ezingenasici zenhliziyo noma izitsha zingalungiswa ngenye yezindlela ezimbalwa ezitholakala odokotela.
Ezinye izinto ezimbi azikwazi ukuqedwa, futhi usizo lunganikezwa kuphela ngendlela yokwenza izinqubo ezikuvumela ukuba uthole isikhathi.
Esimweni sokwamukela izinhliziyo, isazi sezinhliziyo sizochaza futhi sixoxe nawe ohlelweni lokunakekelwa oludingekayo lomntwana. I-cardiosurgeon izophinde imenywe ekubonisaneni, okuzokutshela ngokuqhubeka komsebenzi ozayo kanye nemiphumela engenzeka.
Ubude bokusebenza buxhomeke ekubuneni kwesiphambeko kanye nendlela yokungenelela kokuhlinzwa, okuzokhethwa udokotela noma ukubonisana nodokotela.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, odokotela balungisa izingxenye ezingenakulungiswa zenhliziyo noma izitsha, ukubeka umsebenzi walesi sici esibalulekile.
Kweminye imitholampilo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-apparatus yokusabalalisa okufakelwayo isetshenziswa, eyenza imisebenzi yenhliziyo namaphaphu.
Enye indlela ukupholisa umzimba ngokujulile: lapho isidingo se-oksijeni sinciphisa, futhi inhliziyo iyayeka ngesikhathi sesiteji esikhulu sokusebenza. E-Ukraine, kwenziwa umsebenzi oyingqayizivele, lapho ukupholisa kwezinga lokushisa komzimba kuya emazingeni angu-28, ukusabalalisa kwamiswa imizuzu engu-97!
Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ingane izodinga ukuthatha izinhlungu, izidakamizwa, ama-antibiotics. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokucindezeleka okungenani. Futhi, udokotela uzohlinzekela izinqubo ze-physiotherapy: i-massage esifubeni, ukuphefumula ukuvuselela i-expectoration, ukugwema izenzakalo ezikhona emaphashini.
Lezi zinqubo zokuvuselela imishanguzo zibekiwe, njengomthetho, kanye ngezinyanga ezingu-3-4 - kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwesifo senhliziyo nokuzinza kwesimo.
Uzoya kuphi?
Ezindaweni eziningi, kunezinhlawulo zemisebenzi yamahhala. Kodwa kuyadingeka ukuqala ngokubekwa kwengane ku-cardio-dispensary yendawo. Khona-ke abazali kufanele basebenzise ku-Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Noma kunjalo, ukuze umsebenzi ufezwe ngesikhathi, kudingeka abonise umsebenzi nokuzimisela.
E-Ukraine, inhliziyo yenhlangano kazwelonke eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ebizwa ngokuthi i-National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery. N.M. Amosov. Lapha, okokuqala ngqa e-Ukraine ngo-1955, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuqedwe isifo senhliziyo esiswini (ngo-Nikolai Amosov ngokwakhe).
Unyaka ngamunye ezindongeni zesitatimende cishe ku-1,5 000 ukuhlinzwa nge-heart disease congenital. Abachwepheshe besikhungo bakholelwa ukuthi izingane eziningi ezine-UPU kufanele ziqhutshwe zisencane.
Ukubonisana, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kweziguli ezincane akukhokhwa imali (imali isabelwe isabelomali sombuso). Ukuze kutholakale esibhedlela kufanelekile ukulungiselela amadokhumenti alandelayo: isitifiketi sokuzalwa kwengane, ipasipoti yomama noma ubaba nge-Ukrainian yokuhlala imvume, ikhadi lezokwelapha lomntwana noma ezinye izitifiketi ezibonisa isimo sempilo yakhe. Ngaphambi kokubelethwa kwengane kubalulekile ukubhala phansi kwamukelwa kumnyango wesiguli esise-Intithute futhi okuzokunikeza idokhumenti eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu - isiphetho eselulekayo.
Isifo senhliziyo akusona isinqumo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphelelwa ithemba futhi usize ingane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.