Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo emhlabeni wonke, izinkinga zezimpande zokucwaswa kwabesifazane eziye zahlala amakhulu eminyaka zikhona.
Isithombe sowesifazane wekhulu lama-21 siqinisekile, siphumelele, sikhanya ngobuhle nempilo. Kodwa kubesifazane abaningi abahle kakhulu abayizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-3.3 abahlala emhlabeni wethu, izinzuzo zekhulu le-cybernetics azifinyeleleki. Baqhubeka bekhululekile emakhulwini eminyaka odlame, ukucindezelwa, ukuzihlukanisa, ukungafundi kahle nokubandlulula.
"Kuyenzeka yonke indawo," kusho uTaina Bien-Aime, umqondisi omkhulu we-New York-Based Equality Now. "Ayikho izwe lapho owesifazane ezwa khona ephephile ngokuphelele."
Naphezu kwenqubekela phambili ebonakalayo emalungelweni abesifazane besemhlabeni wonke - imithetho ethuthukisiwe, ukubamba iqhaza kwezombangazwe, imfundo kanye neholo - izinkinga ezimpande zokuhlazeka kwabesifazane eziye zahlala amakhulu eminyaka. Ngisho emazweni acebile, kunezifo zobuhlungu zangasese, lapho owesifazane engavimbelwe, futhi ehlaselwa.
Kwamanye amazwe - njengombuso, kulabo abahluphekile kakhulu nabathintekayo kakhulu ukungqubuzana, izinga lobudlova lifinyelela kuleso simo sokuthi impilo yabesifazane iba ngumane ongenakubekezelela. Abantu abacebile bangabathwala ngemithetho ecindezelayo noma baqede izinkinga ze-stratum evikelekile encane yabantu ngaphansi kwephepheni. Kunoma yiliphi izwe, owesifazane wesiphepheli ungomunye wabantu abasengozini kakhulu.
Izinkinga zande kakhulu kangangokuthi kunzima ukuhlukanisa izindawo ezimbi kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Kwezinye izifundo, izinkinga zabo zihlolwa izinga lokuphila, kwabanye - ngezinkomba zezempilo. Amaqembu okuvikelwa kwamalungelo wobuntu emazweni lapho ukuphulwa okungathí sina kwamalungelo abantu kwenziwa khona, ukuthi ngisho nokubulawa kubhekwa njengokuhle kwezinto.
Ukufunda nokubhala kuyinto enye yezinkomba ezinhle kakhulu zesimo sebesifazane ezweni. Kodwa, ngokusho kukaCheryl Hotchkiss, obambe iqhaza esigabeni saseCanada somkhankaso wamalungelo omama Amnesty International, ukwakhiwa kwesikole kuphela akwanele ukuxazulula inkinga yemfundo elinganayo.
"Owesifazane ofuna ukuthola imfundo ubhekene nezinkinga eziningi," usho kanje. "Imfundo ingaba mahhala futhi ingabizi, kepha abazali ngeke bathumele amadodakazi abo esikoleni uma bengathunjwa futhi badlwengulwe."
Impilo ingenye inkomba ebalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokukhathalela abesifazane abakhulelwe, ngezinye izikhathi abaphoqelelwe ukuba bahlanganyele emshadweni obulalayo futhi babele izingane, futhi bathole i-AIDS / i-HIV. Kodwa futhi, izibalo azikwazi ukubonisa isithombe sonke.
"Esigodini saseZambia, ngahlangana nowesifazane ongatshelanga umyeni wakhe ukuthi unesandulela ngculazi," kusho uDavid Morley, umqondisi omkhulu wegatsha laseCanada le-Save the Children, uDavid Morley. "Uvele ehlala emaphethelweni, ngoba wayengenabantwana. Uma etshela umyeni wakhe, wayezophonswa ngaphandle kwesiqhingi futhi athunyelwe enyakatho. Wayeqonda ukuthi akanakho ukukhetha, ngoba akukho neze ilungelo. "
Abasekeli bayavuma ukuthi ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zabesifazane kuwo wonke amazwe, kubalulekile ukuwanika amalungelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yizizwe ezihlwempu kakhulu e-Afrika, noma amazwe ahlukumezeka kakhulu aseMpumalanga Ephakathi noma e-Asia, ukungabi namandla okuphatha isiphetho somuntu siqu yilokho okubhubhisa impilo yabesifazane kusukela ebuntwaneni.
Ngezansi ngizofaka uhlu lwamanye amazwe angu-10 okumele abe ngowesifazane namuhla okubi kakhulu:
I-Afghanistan : Ngokwesilinganiso, owesifazane wase-Afghan uhlala iminyaka engaba ngu-45 - lokhu kungonyaka owodwa kunomuntu wase-Afghan. Ngemva kwempi engamashumi amathathu nokucindezelwa kwenkolo, iningi labesifazane alifundile. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yabo bonke abashadikazi abakafinyelele eminyakeni yobudala engu-16. Futhi yonke ihafu yehora owesifazane oyedwa uyafa ngesikhathi ebeletha. Udlame lwasekhaya luye lwasakazeka kangangokuthi amaphesenti angu-87 wabesifazane avuma ukuthi abhekene nakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona abafelokazi abangaphezu kwesigidi emigwaqeni, ngokuvamile bephoqeleka ukuba bafeze ubufebe. I-Afghanistan yilapho kuphela izwe lapho abesifazane abazibulala khona bephakeme kunanani labantu abazibulala.
I-Democratic Republic of the Congo : engxenyeni esempumalanga yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo, kwaqhamuka impi, isivele ishaya abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3, kanti abesifazane kule mpi bahamba phambili. Ukudlwengula kuvame kakhulu futhi kunonya ukuthi uphenyo lwe-UN ubabize okungakaze kube khona. Izisulu eziningi zifa, abanye banesandulela ngculaza futhi bahlala bodwa nezingane zabo. Ngenxa yesidingo sokuthola ukudla namanzi, abesifazane basuke bevame ukuhlushwa ubudlova. Njengoba bengenayo imali, akukho ukuthutha, akukho ukuxhumana, ngeke bakwazi ukulondolozwa.
I-Iraq : ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq ukuze i-"ikhulule" izwe elivela kuSaddam Hussein liye lashaya abesifazane esihogweni sobudlova bamahlelo. Izinga lokufunda nokubhala - uma liphakeme kunazo zonke emazweni ase-Arabhu, seliye lawela ezingeni eliphansi, ngoba imindeni isaba ukuthumela amantombazane esikoleni, esaba ukuthi ingabanjwa futhi idlwengulwe. Abesifazane ababehlala behlala ekhaya. Abesifazane abangaphezu kwezigidi baye baxoshwa emakhaya abo, kanti izigidi azikwazi ukuthola ukuphila kwazo.
I-Nepal : imishanguzo yokuqala kanye nokubeletha kubangela abesifazane besifazane abangenalutho abondliwe kahle, kanti eyodwa kwabangu-24 ilahleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Amadodakazi angashadile angathengiswa ngaphambi kokuba afike emdala. Uma umfelokazi ethola isiteketiso esithi "bokshi", okusho ukuthi "umlumbi", ubhekene nokuphathwa kabi nokubandlululwa kabi. Impi encane yombango phakathi kukahulumeni namavukelambuso aseMaoist ihoxisa abesifazane abakhubazekile ukuba bajoyine amaqembu amagerrilla.
ISudan : Naphezu kokuthi abesifazane baseSudan bathole ukuthuthukiswa ngenxa yemithetho eguquguqukayo, isimo sabesifazane baseDarfur (eNtshonalanga yeSudan) siphumelele kakhulu. Ukuthumba, ukudlwengula nokuxoshwa okuphoqelelwe kusukela ngo-2003 kuye kwabhubhisa impilo yabesifazane abangaphezu kwesigidi. I-Janjaweeds (izidlamlilo zaseSudan) zisebenzisa ukudlwengula okuvamile njengesikhali sabantu, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ubulungiswa kulabo abahlukunyezwayo.
Phakathi kwamanye amazwe lapho izimpilo zabesifazane zibi kakhulu kunokuphila kwamadoda, iGuatemala ibalwe, lapho abesifazane besigaba esincane kunazo zonke nabompofu besemphakathini bahlupheka ngobudlova basekhaya, badlwengulwa futhi banesixuku sesibili se-HIV / AIDS phakathi kwe-Afrika engaphansi kweSahara. Elizweni, isifo sobungozi obukhulu, ukungaqiniseki okubulalayo kuhlasela, lapho kubulawa khona amakhulu abesifazane. Eduze imizimba yabanye babo bathola amanothi agcwele inzondo nokubekezelelana.
E-Mali, elinye lamazwe ompofu kakhulu emhlabeni, bambalwa abesifazane abagwema ukusoka okubuhlungu kwezidakamizwa, abaningi baphoqeleka ukungena emishadweni yokuqala, kanti owesifazane kwabayishumi ufa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Ezindaweni zomngcele wezinhlanga zasePakistan, abesifazane basolwa ngokudlwengula iqembu njengesijeziso sezenzo ezenziwe ngamadoda. Kodwa okuvame kakhulu ukubulala "inhlonipho" kanye nogqozi olusha lwezingqikithi zenkolo, oluhloselwe abesifazane besopolitiki, izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu kanye nabameli.
E- Saudi Arabia ecebile ngamafutha, abesifazane baphathwa njengabaxhomeke emindenini yonke ngaphansi kokugcinwa kwesihlobo somuntu. Abanelungelo lokushayela imoto noma ukuxhumana esidlangalaleni namadoda, bahola ukuphila okulinganiselwe, behlushwa izijeziso ezinzima.
Enhloko-dolobha yaseSomalia, idolobha laseMogadishu, impi yombango eyesabekayo iye yafaka abesifazane, abaye babhekwa njengabayisisekelo somndeni, lapho behlaselwa. Emphakathini wobandlululo, abesifazane basolwa ngokudlwengulwa nsuku zonke, babhekene nokukhathazeka okungenabungozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi bahlaselwa yizigebengu ezihlomile.
"Ngesikhathi abesifazane besabonwa emhlabeni jikelele," kusho uMqondisi-Jikelele we-World Health Organization uMargaret Chan, "ngeke kutholakale kuze kube yilapho izimo zokuphila emazweni nasemiphakathini zithuthuka, futhi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka izinguquko ezinkulu. Kunezici eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezigxile emigomweni yezenhlalakahle nezamasiko, ziqhubeka ziyisivimbelo kubesifazane namantombazane ukuze baqaphele amandla abo futhi bazuze ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi. "