Izifo ezingapheli zendlela yokuphefumula zingathinta impilo yengane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba kokubili isifo esizimele futhi yingxenye ebalulekile ye-patygy disease. Lezi zimo kufanele zihlukaniswe ezibandayo kanye nokukhwehlela okuvame ukwenzeka ebuntwaneni. Izimpawu zezifo zokuphefumula ezingapheli zihlanganisa:
- ukukhwehlela noma ukushaya;
- Ukungapheli nokuphelelana nomsebenzi womzimba;
- ifomu lobuhlungu besifuba;
- i-cyanosis - i-cyanotic staining yezindebe (ingase ibonise izinga eliphansi le-oksijini egazini);
- ukuqina kwe-phalanges yokuphela kweminwe nokuguqula izipikili ngohlobo lwe "ingilazi yokubukela" (kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka okungapheli);
- ukuguga ekuthuthukisweni (uma ukuthuthukiswa kwengane kungahlangabezani nezindinganiso, udinga ukubheka imbangela).
Ezinye izingane zijwayele ukugula okuphefumulayo ngenxa yezimo ezilandelayo:
Izifo ze-neuromuscular
Noma ubani onesifo esiyingozi somzimba noma ukukhubazeka kwamathambo, ikakhulukazi nge-scoliosis (ukuvuthwa komgogodla), ingozi eyengeziwe yokwehlisa umoya emaphashini, ukwephula indlela yokuhlanza ukutheleleka nokutheleleka kokuphefumula okuqhubekayo. Ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi wokuphefumula, ukunakekelwa okwanele kwamathambo kanye nama-physiotherapy avamile kuyadingeka.
I-Immunodeficiency
Ukuvezwa kokutheleleka kungahlotshaniswa nezibonakaliso ze-pulmonary disease pathology. Uma igciwane lincipha, izifo ezinzima zibangelwa ama-atypical microbes. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlolwa kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba kuyadingeka.
Uma kungekho impendulo ezinqubo zokwelapha ezivamile, udokotela kufanele afunde umlando wezokwelapha wengane ngokuningiliziwe futhi ahlole ukuhlolwa okuphelele. Kuye ngomlando wecala lomntwana othile, izinqubo ezilandelayo zokuhlonza zibekiwe:
- ukulinganisa ukuphakama nesisindo somntwana;
- I-X-ray yesifuba;
- ukutadisha amasosha omzimba;
- ukuvivinywa kwe-cystic fibrosis, lapho kukhona ukuphulwa komsebenzi we-cilia ebusweni bamangqamuzana afaka umoya wokuphefumula (okuholela ekujuleni kwe-mucus);
- ukuhlola ukukhomba reflux ye-gastroesophageal;
- izivivinyo zokungezwani komzimba;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-tuberculin.
Isizathu esijwayelekile kunazo zonke zezibonakaliso ezingxenyeni zokuphefumula ezinganeni yi-asthma ye-bronchial. Lesi sifo sithinta cishe u-11-15% wezingane futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala nokuphalaza kwemimoya yomoya, okuvimbela ukugeleza komoya emaphashini. Kodwa-ke, hhayi ukukhwehlela noma ukushayela ingane kusho ukuthi i-asthma. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlukanisa i-asthma kwezinye izimo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba unikeze ukwelashwa okufanele. Phakathi kwezimbangela zezifo ezingapheli zokuphefumula kukhona ezintathu eziyinhloko.
Reflux ye-gastroesophageal
I-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GER) yikuphonswa okuncane kokuqukethwe kwesisu esiswini. I-GER elula ijwayelekile - ibangela izimpawu zokuvuselela ubisi ezinganeni. I-GER enamandla ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi ngendlela yokulimala, ukulimala okubuhlungu kanye nokulimala komzila wokuphefumula ngenxa yokungena kokuqukethwe kwesisu. Lesi sifo sinzima nakakhulu ezinganeni nasezinganeni zeminyaka yokuqala yokuphila. Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe ekulinganiseni izinga le-acidity engxenyeni engezansi ye-esopha kungakapheli amahora angu-24. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwe-asidi yesisu akufanele kungene ku-esophagus.
I-bronchoectasia
I-bronchoectasia i-dilatation ye-pathological ye-respiratory tract. Lokhu kusho ukuthi esikhundleni sokunciphisa isibani se-bronchi njengoba amagatsha ephuma, ukukhuliswa kwabo okubandayo kubonakala ngokumelene nesizinda sokutheleleka okungapheli nokuvuvukala kwezicubu zamaphaphu. Isizathu esivame kakhulu salesi simo yi-muco-viscidosis - isifo lapho uhla lwe-viscous obukhulu luqala ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka. Esinye isizathu yi-primary ciliary dyskinesia. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwe-cilia ebusweni bamangqamuzana afaka i-bronchi, ukutheleleka okungapheli kwenzeka, ngoba amaphaphu awahlanjululwa emicimbini yamangcwaba. Ngokuvamile i-ciliary dyskinesia iyinhloko ehlotshaniswa nendawo ephikisayo yezingaphakathi zangaphakathi, lapho isibindi sisehlangothini lwesobunxele besisu, inhliziyo inesigamu esifanele se-thorax, njll. Imigomo yokuxilongwa ihlanganisa izinguquko ku-radiograph, imidwebo engavamile yomunwe kanye ne-developmental lag.
Ukubutheka komzimba wangaphandle
Ukuphulukiswa kwezidumbu zangaphandle kuvame ukuholela ekuhlulekeni okunamandla okuphefumula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingabonakali kangako. Ikakhulukazi engozini yezidumbu zangaphandle ezingena emphefumulweni wokuphefumula zingabantwana beminyaka yokuqala yokuphila. Izimpawu zivame ukuthuthukisa ngokuzumayo. Ku-roentgenogram umzimba wesinye isizwe ongaphandle noma izimpawu ezingekho ngqo kusuka eceleni kwezimpaphe zamaphaphu kubonakala. Izifo ezingapheli zendlela yokuphefumula zihlotshaniswa nokunqotshwa kwezicubu zomphimbo kanye nekhala.
Ukwakhiwa kwepheshana eliphezulu lokuphefumula
Izingane zivame ukwanda kwama-tonsils ne-adenoids, okuyinto eyancipha ngeminyaka. Ezimweni ezimbi, ingane ingase ihlupheke ngokuntuleka kwe-oksijini ebusuku, okuholela ekuguquleni emithanjeni yegazi yamapayipi nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Izimpawu zalesi simo zingase zihlehlise kakhulu futhi ziphefumule ngomlomo.
I-rhinitis nokuvuvukala kwe-nasopharynx
I-asthma ye-bronchial ne-bronchiectasis ivame ukuhambisana nokuvuvukala kwamangqamuzana omzimba we-nasal kanye nezono ze-paranasal. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukukhishwa emphunjini kanti ngezinye izikhathi ukukhwehlela ngenxa yokugeleza kwe-mucus phansi kodonga olungemuva lwe-pharynx. Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ukwelashwa kwale mibandela kuthuthukisa ukusebenza komaphaphu.